INSERT INTO `tm_wsal_metadata` (`id`, `occurrence_id`, `name`, `value`) VALUES
(306949, 29300, 'MetaValueOld', '<img class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-8249\" src=\"https://www.tamimi.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/August-Edition-DPS_Page_21_Image_0002.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1121\" height=\"337\" />\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Collaborating with a land owner, ground lease owner or developer (\"Landlords\") to lease a ‘build to suit’ school or other educational facility is becoming an increasingly popular means for educational facility operators (\"Tenants\") to meet their premises requirements in the UAE and broader region.</p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h3 dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">What is a build to suit arrangement?</h3>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">In simple terms, a build to suit arrangement comprises the following elements:</p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n 	<li dir=\"LTR\">a Landlord who is prepared to undertake the construction of the educational facility provided they have a long term Tenant;</li>\r\n 	<li dir=\"LTR\">a Tenant being a school or other educational institution provider who wishes to enter into a long term lease of an educational facility; and</li>\r\n 	<li dir=\"LTR\">in many instances financial institutions who may be prepared to finance the Landlord in constructing the educational facility on the basis that, once built, the Landlord will have the revenue streams under the long term lease.</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h3 dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Why build to suit?</h3>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Private school operators or other educational institutions would prefer not to undertake the significant capital outlay required to acquire an interest in land and construct their own premises.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">In addition, developers and other investors have an appetite for singly owned and tenanted real estate assets with tenants who will take over the full operation and maintenance of the facility.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Part of what makes build to suit arrangements so attractive, is that they are inherently flexible in their scope and structure. Parties can readily adapt the commercial arrangement to reach a mutually agreeable position on both the development and leasing aspects.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">The pre-leasing aspect may also enable the Landlord to obtain finance for the project.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Accordingly, completing an education facility on a build to suit basis represents a win-win for operators, developers and investors. That said to avoid disputes arising at a later stage, build-to-suit projects can present a number of complexities that warrant careful consideration prior to entering into the relevant contractual documentation.</p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h3 dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">What are the key legal elements of a build to suit transaction?</h3>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">While a detailed discussion of the issues and risk points is beyond the scope of this article, the following discussion points provide a high-level overview of the key legal elements to consider in a build to suit transaction:</p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\"><em>Due diligence on the land plot</em></p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">The parties should ensure that the land is appropriate for the proposed development. This may include considerations such as: ensuring the plot has appropriate planning and other regulatory approvals; ensuring the physical layout of the plot is suitable for the proposed designs; ensuring proximity to necessary infrastructure and utilities; confirming sufficient permitted GFA; licensing and free zone considerations; and other operational and design issues.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">From a commercial perspective, the location of the plot will also be important, as patrons of a school or other educational facility will generally want this to be proximate to or easily accessible from their residence. Competitor schools in or planned for the locality may also be a consideration.</p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\"><em>Scope of works</em></p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">A lack of clarity in the scope of the works is one of the key issues giving rise to disputes. As the rent and other obligations are often struck based on what the owner is expecting to deliver and what the tenant is expecting to receive (and the associated costs), aligning the parties expectations is key to minimising risk.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">To mitigate this risk, the parties should develop a clear scope of work at the outset. The parties should consider what plant and equipment is included in the scope of work, and whether the premises will be delivered in \"turn-key\" condition with all fit out installed as well as the extent to which equipment, furniture is included.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">In the context of a school or other educational facility, the design may have to meet the requirements of the regulators such as the Dubai Knowledge and Human Development Authority. In addition, many operators will have their own design requirements. It is recommended that, unless the Tenant has such capabilities in-house, the Tenant engage suitable consultants to prepare a detailed technical brief addressing such matters as design requirements, structural loads, utility capacities and regulatory requirements. The detailed technical brief should be attached to the final agreement giving clarity to both the Landlord and Tenant as to key specifications required.</p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h2 dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">\"Part of what makes build to suit arrangements so attractive, is that they are inherently flexible in their scope and structure. Parties can readily adapt the commercial arrangement to reach a mutually agreeable position on both the development and leasing aspects.\"</h2>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\"><em>Milestones and longstop dates</em></p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Will the owner be required to achieve completion of stages of the relevant works by milestone dates, or to procure completion of the project prior to a longstop date? If one or both of these requirements apply, what are the consequences of the Landlord failing to adhere to the relevant dates? Are delay damages payable, or does failure to meet milestone or long stop dates give rise to a right for the Tenant to terminate the agreements?</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">In education projects, the date of completion can be critical as failure to achieve completion by a certain date could result in missing the window for enrolments for an entire year.</p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\"><em>Calculation of rent</em></p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">How will the rent payable under the lease be determined? Considerations may include whether there will there be a base/ground rent component payable for the land.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Where the rent (or a component of the rent) is to be calculated against the project costs incurred by the owner, what costs are included/excluded for the purpose of making that calculation? Examples of common exclusions are the owner’s cost of acquiring the land (if applicable), the owner’s cost of financing the construction and the cost of delivering infrastructure to the boundary of the plot.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Where the rent is calculated with reference to the project costs or by some other methodology, the Tenant will be concerned to ensure that there is a cap on its liability. The Tenant may also require that the project costs be certified by an independent cost consultant.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Often the rent is discounted at the beginning of the term with such discounts amortised over the remainder of the term. This practice recognises that it takes some time for the school or other educational facility to attract students and therefore improves the Tenant’s cash flows until such time as the school or other educational facility is established in the market.</p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\"><em>Appointment of contractors</em></p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">How will the consultants and contractors undertaking the designs and works be appointed? Will mutual agreement be required? One option is for the parties to agree a short-list or pre-agree contractors and consultants whom the owner may engage. Alternatively, will there be a tender process and if yes, how will that be conducted and what role will the Tenant play in selecting the preferred tender? Will the Tenant have the right to approve the terms of the third party contracts?</p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\"><em>Development of detailed designs and construction drawings</em></p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Ideally, detailed designs and specifications would be developed and attached to the contractual documents. However, often the project design is not finalised at the time when contractual documents are entered into. In those circumstances, the parties must agree on the mechanism for setting the final design requirements on which the project will be undertaken.</p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\"><em>Variations</em></p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Issues to consider include whether variations (by the Landlord, Tenant or both parties) will be permitted once the final designs and specifications are settled. If variations are permitted, what parameters or processes will apply to determine whether the variation will be implemented and on what grounds may a variation be refused (and the grounds of refusal may differ depending on which party is approving the variation). For example, where a variation would result in a material delay to the works program or result in a material increase in project costs, one party may be entitled to withhold its approval.</p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\"><em>Retention of a specialist consultant by the tenant</em></p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Unless the Tenant retains specialist architects and/or engineers in house, it is recommended that the Tenant obtain its own architectural and/or engineering consulting firm throughout the design, construction and handover phases of the project. The Tenant’s consultant may assist with the following tasks:</p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n 	<li dir=\"LTR\">ensuring the design brief meets the Tenant’s and any regulator’s requirements;</li>\r\n 	<li dir=\"LTR\">where permitted under the contractual documentation, consulting with the Landlord on the appointment of any contractor or sub-contractor;</li>\r\n 	<li dir=\"LTR\">supervising the contractor and sub-contractors to ensure they are meeting the design brief;</li>\r\n 	<li dir=\"LTR\">assessing any requests from the Landlord or the Tenant to make variations and evaluating the cost of such variations;</li>\r\n 	<li dir=\"LTR\">cost consulting; and</li>\r\n 	<li dir=\"LTR\">assessing whether milestones are met and whether the school is ready for handover.</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\"><em>Independent Experts</em></p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">If disputes arise during the process, this could lead to delays in completing or the handover of the project, particularly where the disputes may be of a technical nature.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Whilst each party having its own consultant engaged may reduce the likelihood of disputes, it will not remove the risk completely as it remains possible that the respective parties’ consultants will disagree.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">In these circumstances, it can be useful to have an independent consultant appointed to mediate and determine such disputes as an expert.</p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\"><em>Documentation</em></p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Transaction documents from a Tenant’s perspective would typically include an agreement to lease and the occupational lease. Where acting for the Landlord, ground lease, financing, construction and development management documentation may be required.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">The terms of the occupational lease are often critical, particularly given that the parties generally require a long-term arrangement. The parties should accordingly consider carefully the maintaining and repairing obligations and obligations for other outgoings, taxation issues, rent reviews, reinstatement obligations and insurance as well as the other usual Landlord and Tenant considerations.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Obligations in relation to registration of leases and any resulting registration fees should also be considered.</p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h3 dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\"></h3>\r\n<h3 dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Conclusion</h3>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Build to suit arrangements are not the only option for private school or educational institutions when setting up operations however they provide a useful option from, both the Landlord’s and the educational institutions perspective.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Readers will appreciate that there are a large number of issues to be considered prior to entering into build to suit projects and the above snapshot is by no means exhaustive. However, ensuring that the parties have a clear understanding and agreed position on these types of issues goes a long way to ensuring a successful project.</p>\r\n<em>Al Tamimi &amp; Company’s, <a href=\"https://www.tamimi.com/lawyer/jeremy-scott/\">Jeremy Scott</a>, regularly advises on various <a href=\"https://www.tamimi.com/practice/real-estate/\">real estate matters</a> in the UAE and other countries in the GCC. For further information please contact Jeremy Scott (<a href=\"mailto:j.scott@tamimi.com\">j.scott@tamimi.com</a>).</em>'),
(306950, 29300, 'MetaLink', 'content'),
(306951, 29300, 'EditorLinkPost', 'https://www.tamimi.com/wp-admin/post.php?post=8198&amp;action=edit'),
(306952, 29300, 'ReportText', '<img class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-8249\" src=\"https://www.tamimi.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/August-Edition-DPS_Page_21_Image_0002.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1121\" height=\"337\" />\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Collaborating with a land owner, ground lease owner or developer (\"Landlords\") to lease a ‘build to suit’ school or other educational facility is becoming an increasingly popular means for educational facility operators (\"Tenants\") to meet their premises requirements in the UAE and broader region.</p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h3 dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">What is a build to suit arrangement?</h3>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">In simple terms, a build to suit arrangement comprises the following elements:</p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n 	<li dir=\"LTR\">a Landlord who is prepared to undertake the construction of the educational facility provided they have a long term Tenant;</li>\r\n 	<li dir=\"LTR\">a Tenant being a school or other educational institution provider who wishes to enter into a long term lease of an educational facility; and</li>\r\n 	<li dir=\"LTR\">in many instances financial institutions who may be prepared to finance the Landlord in constructing the educational facility on the basis that, once built, the Landlord will have the revenue streams under the long term lease.</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h3 dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Why build to suit?</h3>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Private school operators or other educational institutions would prefer not to undertake the significant capital outlay required to acquire an interest in land and construct their own premises.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">In addition, developers and other investors have an appetite for singly owned and tenanted real estate assets with tenants who will take over the full operation and maintenance of the facility.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Part of what makes build to suit arrangements so attractive, is that they are inherently flexible in their scope and structure. Parties can readily adapt the commercial arrangement to reach a mutually agreeable position on both the development and leasing aspects.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">The pre-leasing aspect may also enable the Landlord to obtain finance for the project.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Accordingly, completing an education facility on a build to suit basis represents a win-win for operators, developers and investors. That said to avoid disputes arising at a later stage, build-to-suit projects can present a number of complexities that warrant careful consideration prior to entering into the relevant contractual documentation.</p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h3 dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">What are the key legal elements of a build to suit transaction?</h3>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">While a detailed discussion of the issues and risk points is beyond the scope of this article, the following discussion points provide a high-level overview of the key legal elements to consider in a build to suit transaction:</p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\"><em>Due diligence on the land plot</em></p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">The parties should ensure that the land is appropriate for the proposed development. This may include considerations such as: ensuring the plot has appropriate planning and other regulatory approvals; ensuring the physical layout of the plot is suitable for the proposed designs; ensuring proximity to necessary infrastructure and utilities; confirming sufficient permitted GFA; licensing and free zone considerations; and other operational and design issues.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">From a commercial perspective, the location of the plot will also be important, as patrons of a school or other educational facility will generally want this to be proximate to or easily accessible from their residence. Competitor schools in or planned for the locality may also be a consideration.</p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\"><em>Scope of works</em></p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">A lack of clarity in the scope of the works is one of the key issues giving rise to disputes. As the rent and other obligations are often struck based on what the owner is expecting to deliver and what the tenant is expecting to receive (and the associated costs), aligning the parties expectations is key to minimising risk.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">To mitigate this risk, the parties should develop a clear scope of work at the outset. The parties should consider what plant and equipment is included in the scope of work, and whether the premises will be delivered in \"turn-key\" condition with all fit out installed as well as the extent to which equipment, furniture is included.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">In the context of a school or other educational facility, the design may have to meet the requirements of the regulators such as the Dubai Knowledge and Human Development Authority. In addition, many operators will have their own design requirements. It is recommended that, unless the Tenant has such capabilities in-house, the Tenant engage suitable consultants to prepare a detailed technical brief addressing such matters as design requirements, structural loads, utility capacities and regulatory requirements. The detailed technical brief should be attached to the final agreement giving clarity to both the Landlord and Tenant as to key specifications required.</p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h2 dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">\"Part of what makes build to suit arrangements so attractive, is that they are inherently flexible in their scope and structure. Parties can readily adapt the commercial arrangement to reach a mutually agreeable position on both the development and leasing aspects.\"</h2>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\"><em>Milestones and longstop dates</em></p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Will the owner be required to achieve completion of stages of the relevant works by milestone dates, or to procure completion of the project prior to a longstop date? If one or both of these requirements apply, what are the consequences of the Landlord failing to adhere to the relevant dates? Are delay damages payable, or does failure to meet milestone or long stop dates give rise to a right for the Tenant to terminate the agreements?</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">In education projects, the date of completion can be critical as failure to achieve completion by a certain date could result in missing the window for enrolments for an entire year.</p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\"><em>Calculation of rent</em></p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">How will the rent payable under the lease be determined? Considerations may include whether there will there be a base/ground rent component payable for the land.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Where the rent (or a component of the rent) is to be calculated against the project costs incurred by the owner, what costs are included/excluded for the purpose of making that calculation? Examples of common exclusions are the owner’s cost of acquiring the land (if applicable), the owner’s cost of financing the construction and the cost of delivering infrastructure to the boundary of the plot.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Where the rent is calculated with reference to the project costs or by some other methodology, the Tenant will be concerned to ensure that there is a cap on its liability. The Tenant may also require that the project costs be certified by an independent cost consultant.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Often the rent is discounted at the beginning of the term with such discounts amortised over the remainder of the term. This practice recognises that it takes some time for the school or other educational facility to attract students and therefore improves the Tenant’s cash flows until such time as the school or other educational facility is established in the market.</p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\"><em>Appointment of contractors</em></p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">How will the consultants and contractors undertaking the designs and works be appointed? Will mutual agreement be required? One option is for the parties to agree a short-list or pre-agree contractors and consultants whom the owner may engage. Alternatively, will there be a tender process and if yes, how will that be conducted and what role will the Tenant play in selecting the preferred tender? Will the Tenant have the right to approve the terms of the third party contracts?</p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\"><em>Development of detailed designs and construction drawings</em></p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Ideally, detailed designs and specifications would be developed and attached to the contractual documents. However, often the project design is not finalised at the time when contractual documents are entered into. In those circumstances, the parties must agree on the mechanism for setting the final design requirements on which the project will be undertaken.</p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\"><em>Variations</em></p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Issues to consider include whether variations (by the Landlord, Tenant or both parties) will be permitted once the final designs and specifications are settled. If variations are permitted, what parameters or processes will apply to determine whether the variation will be implemented and on what grounds may a variation be refused (and the grounds of refusal may differ depending on which party is approving the variation). For example, where a variation would result in a material delay to the works program or result in a material increase in project costs, one party may be entitled to withhold its approval.</p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\"><em>Retention of a specialist consultant by the tenant</em></p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Unless the Tenant retains specialist architects and/or engineers in house, it is recommended that the Tenant obtain its own architectural and/or engineering consulting firm throughout the design, construction and handover phases of the project. The Tenant’s consultant may assist with the following tasks:</p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n 	<li dir=\"LTR\">ensuring the design brief meets the Tenant’s and any regulator’s requirements;</li>\r\n 	<li dir=\"LTR\">where permitted under the contractual documentation, consulting with the Landlord on the appointment of any contractor or sub-contractor;</li>\r\n 	<li dir=\"LTR\">supervising the contractor and sub-contractors to ensure they are meeting the design brief;</li>\r\n 	<li dir=\"LTR\">assessing any requests from the Landlord or the Tenant to make variations and evaluating the cost of such variations;</li>\r\n 	<li dir=\"LTR\">cost consulting; and</li>\r\n 	<li dir=\"LTR\">assessing whether milestones are met and whether the school is ready for handover.</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\"><em>Independent Experts</em></p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">If disputes arise during the process, this could lead to delays in completing or the handover of the project, particularly where the disputes may be of a technical nature.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Whilst each party having its own consultant engaged may reduce the likelihood of disputes, it will not remove the risk completely as it remains possible that the respective parties’ consultants will disagree.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">In these circumstances, it can be useful to have an independent consultant appointed to mediate and determine such disputes as an expert.</p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\"><em>Documentation</em></p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Transaction documents from a Tenant’s perspective would typically include an agreement to lease and the occupational lease. Where acting for the Landlord, ground lease, financing, construction and development management documentation may be required.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">The terms of the occupational lease are often critical, particularly given that the parties generally require a long-term arrangement. The parties should accordingly consider carefully the maintaining and repairing obligations and obligations for other outgoings, taxation issues, rent reviews, reinstatement obligations and insurance as well as the other usual Landlord and Tenant considerations.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Obligations in relation to registration of leases and any resulting registration fees should also be considered.</p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h3 dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\"></h3>\r\n<h3 dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Conclusion</h3>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Build to suit arrangements are not the only option for private school or educational institutions when setting up operations however they provide a useful option from, both the Landlord’s and the educational institutions perspective.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Readers will appreciate that there are a large number of issues to be considered prior to entering into build to suit projects and the above snapshot is by no means exhaustive. However, ensuring that the parties have a clear understanding and agreed position on these types of issues goes a long way to ensuring a successful project.</p>\r\n<em>Al Tamimi &amp; Company’s, <a href=\"https://www.tamimi.com/lawyer/jeremy-scott/\">Jeremy Scott</a>, regularly advises on various <a href=\"https://www.tamimi.com/practice/real-estate/\">real estate matters</a> in the UAE and other countries in the GCC. For further information please contact Jeremy Scott (<a href=\"mailto:j.scott@tamimi.com\">j.scott@tamimi.com</a>).</em>|<img class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-8249\" src=\"https://www.tamimi.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/August-Edition-DPS_Page_21_Image_0002.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1121\" height=\"337\" />&nbsp;\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Collaborating with a land owner, ground lease owner or developer (\"Landlords\") to lease a ‘build to suit’ school or other educational facility is becoming an increasingly popular means for educational facility operators (\"Tenants\") to meet their premises requirements in the UAE and broader region.</p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h3 dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">What is a build to suit arrangement?</h3>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">In simple terms, a build to suit arrangement comprises the following elements:</p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n 	<li dir=\"LTR\">a Landlord who is prepared to undertake the construction of the educational facility provided they have a long term Tenant;</li>\r\n 	<li dir=\"LTR\">a Tenant being a school or other educational institution provider who wishes to enter into a long term lease of an educational facility; and</li>\r\n 	<li dir=\"LTR\">in many instances financial institutions who may be prepared to finance the Landlord in constructing the educational facility on the basis that, once built, the Landlord will have the revenue streams under the long term lease.</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h3 dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Why build to suit?</h3>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Private school operators or other educational institutions would prefer not to undertake the significant capital outlay required to acquire an interest in land and construct their own premises.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">In addition, developers and other investors have an appetite for singly owned and tenanted real estate assets with tenants who will take over the full operation and maintenance of the facility.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Part of what makes build to suit arrangements so attractive, is that they are inherently flexible in their scope and structure. Parties can readily adapt the commercial arrangement to reach a mutually agreeable position on both the development and leasing aspects.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">The pre-leasing aspect may also enable the Landlord to obtain finance for the project.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Accordingly, completing an education facility on a build to suit basis represents a win-win for operators, developers and investors. That said to avoid disputes arising at a later stage, build-to-suit projects can present a number of complexities that warrant careful consideration prior to entering into the relevant contractual documentation.</p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h3 dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">What are the key legal elements of a build to suit transaction?</h3>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">While a detailed discussion of the issues and risk points is beyond the scope of this article, the following discussion points provide a high-level overview of the key legal elements to consider in a build to suit transaction:</p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\"><em>Due diligence on the land plot</em></p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">The parties should ensure that the land is appropriate for the proposed development. This may include considerations such as: ensuring the plot has appropriate planning and other regulatory approvals; ensuring the physical layout of the plot is suitable for the proposed designs; ensuring proximity to necessary infrastructure and utilities; confirming sufficient permitted GFA; licensing and free zone considerations; and other operational and design issues.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">From a commercial perspective, the location of the plot will also be important, as patrons of a school or other educational facility will generally want this to be proximate to or easily accessible from their residence. Competitor schools in or planned for the locality may also be a consideration.</p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\"><em>Scope of works</em></p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">A lack of clarity in the scope of the works is one of the key issues giving rise to disputes. As the rent and other obligations are often struck based on what the owner is expecting to deliver and what the tenant is expecting to receive (and the associated costs), aligning the parties expectations is key to minimising risk.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">To mitigate this risk, the parties should develop a clear scope of work at the outset. The parties should consider what plant and equipment is included in the scope of work, and whether the premises will be delivered in \"turn-key\" condition with all fit out installed as well as the extent to which equipment, furniture is included.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">In the context of a school or other educational facility, the design may have to meet the requirements of the regulators such as the Dubai Knowledge and Human Development Authority. In addition, many operators will have their own design requirements. It is recommended that, unless the Tenant has such capabilities in-house, the Tenant engage suitable consultants to prepare a detailed technical brief addressing such matters as design requirements, structural loads, utility capacities and regulatory requirements. The detailed technical brief should be attached to the final agreement giving clarity to both the Landlord and Tenant as to key specifications required.</p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h2 dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">\"Part of what makes build to suit arrangements so attractive, is that they are inherently flexible in their scope and structure. Parties can readily adapt the commercial arrangement to reach a mutually agreeable position on both the development and leasing aspects.\"</h2>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\"><em>Milestones and longstop dates</em></p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Will the owner be required to achieve completion of stages of the relevant works by milestone dates, or to procure completion of the project prior to a longstop date? If one or both of these requirements apply, what are the consequences of the Landlord failing to adhere to the relevant dates? Are delay damages payable, or does failure to meet milestone or long stop dates give rise to a right for the Tenant to terminate the agreements?</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">In education projects, the date of completion can be critical as failure to achieve completion by a certain date could result in missing the window for enrolments for an entire year.</p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\"><em>Calculation of rent</em></p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">How will the rent payable under the lease be determined? Considerations may include whether there will there be a base/ground rent component payable for the land.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Where the rent (or a component of the rent) is to be calculated against the project costs incurred by the owner, what costs are included/excluded for the purpose of making that calculation? Examples of common exclusions are the owner’s cost of acquiring the land (if applicable), the owner’s cost of financing the construction and the cost of delivering infrastructure to the boundary of the plot.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Where the rent is calculated with reference to the project costs or by some other methodology, the Tenant will be concerned to ensure that there is a cap on its liability. The Tenant may also require that the project costs be certified by an independent cost consultant.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Often the rent is discounted at the beginning of the term with such discounts amortised over the remainder of the term. This practice recognises that it takes some time for the school or other educational facility to attract students and therefore improves the Tenant’s cash flows until such time as the school or other educational facility is established in the market.</p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\"><em>Appointment of contractors</em></p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">How will the consultants and contractors undertaking the designs and works be appointed? Will mutual agreement be required? One option is for the parties to agree a short-list or pre-agree contractors and consultants whom the owner may engage. Alternatively, will there be a tender process and if yes, how will that be conducted and what role will the Tenant play in selecting the preferred tender? Will the Tenant have the right to approve the terms of the third party contracts?</p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\"><em>Development of detailed designs and construction drawings</em></p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Ideally, detailed designs and specifications would be developed and attached to the contractual documents. However, often the project design is not finalised at the time when contractual documents are entered into. In those circumstances, the parties must agree on the mechanism for setting the final design requirements on which the project will be undertaken.</p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\"><em>Variations</em></p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Issues to consider include whether variations (by the Landlord, Tenant or both parties) will be permitted once the final designs and specifications are settled. If variations are permitted, what parameters or processes will apply to determine whether the variation will be implemented and on what grounds may a variation be refused (and the grounds of refusal may differ depending on which party is approving the variation). For example, where a variation would result in a material delay to the works program or result in a material increase in project costs, one party may be entitled to withhold its approval.</p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\"><em>Retention of a specialist consultant by the tenant</em></p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Unless the Tenant retains specialist architects and/or engineers in house, it is recommended that the Tenant obtain its own architectural and/or engineering consulting firm throughout the design, construction and handover phases of the project. The Tenant’s consultant may assist with the following tasks:</p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n 	<li dir=\"LTR\">ensuring the design brief meets the Tenant’s and any regulator’s requirements;</li>\r\n 	<li dir=\"LTR\">where permitted under the contractual documentation, consulting with the Landlord on the appointment of any contractor or sub-contractor;</li>\r\n 	<li dir=\"LTR\">supervising the contractor and sub-contractors to ensure they are meeting the design brief;</li>\r\n 	<li dir=\"LTR\">assessing any requests from the Landlord or the Tenant to make variations and evaluating the cost of such variations;</li>\r\n 	<li dir=\"LTR\">cost consulting; and</li>\r\n 	<li dir=\"LTR\">assessing whether milestones are met and whether the school is ready for handover.</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\"><em>Independent Experts</em></p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">If disputes arise during the process, this could lead to delays in completing or the handover of the project, particularly where the disputes may be of a technical nature.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Whilst each party having its own consultant engaged may reduce the likelihood of disputes, it will not remove the risk completely as it remains possible that the respective parties’ consultants will disagree.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">In these circumstances, it can be useful to have an independent consultant appointed to mediate and determine such disputes as an expert.</p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\"><em>Documentation</em></p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Transaction documents from a Tenant’s perspective would typically include an agreement to lease and the occupational lease. Where acting for the Landlord, ground lease, financing, construction and development management documentation may be required.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">The terms of the occupational lease are often critical, particularly given that the parties generally require a long-term arrangement. The parties should accordingly consider carefully the maintaining and repairing obligations and obligations for other outgoings, taxation issues, rent reviews, reinstatement obligations and insurance as well as the other usual Landlord and Tenant considerations.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Obligations in relation to registration of leases and any resulting registration fees should also be considered.</p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h3 dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\"></h3>\r\n<h3 dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Conclusion</h3>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Build to suit arrangements are not the only option for private school or educational institutions when setting up operations however they provide a useful option from, both the Landlord’s and the educational institutions perspective.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Readers will appreciate that there are a large number of issues to be considered prior to entering into build to suit projects and the above snapshot is by no means exhaustive. However, ensuring that the parties have a clear understanding and agreed position on these types of issues goes a long way to ensuring a successful project.</p>\r\n<em>Al Tamimi &amp; Company’s, <a href=\"https://www.tamimi.com/lawyer/jeremy-scott/\">Jeremy Scott</a>, regularly advises on various <a href=\"https://www.tamimi.com/practice/real-estate/\">real estate matters</a> in the UAE and other countries in the GCC. For further information please contact Jeremy Scott (<a href=\"mailto:j.scott@tamimi.com\">j.scott@tamimi.com</a>).</em>'),
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The HEC usually decides upon the application within four (4) months upon submission.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">All foreign private education institutions with headquarters outside Bahrain must be in compliance with laws and regulations applicable in their home countries, in addition to those applicable in Bahrain.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">PHEIs in Bahrain may be established in the following forms:</p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n 	<li dir=\"LTR\">Institute - an institution that awards a diploma, associate diploma or both that are less than a BSc. Degree.</li>\r\n 	<li dir=\"LTR\">College - an institution that awards a university degree or more and may award other higher educational qualifications.</li>\r\n 	<li dir=\"LTR\">University - an institution that comprises a number of colleges or institutes, or both, provided that they are not less than three (3).</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h2 dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">\"Bahrain has traditionally enjoyed popularity as a higher education destination in the GCC region owing to its strategic location, quality of life, competitive tuition and living costs, and liberal culture.\"</h2>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\"><img class=\"size-full wp-image-8253 alignleft\" src=\"https://www.tamimi.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/August-Edition-DPS_Page_27_Image_0001.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"395\" height=\"302\" />In line with the national strategy to establish quality assurance mechanisms for higher education within the Kingdom, the HEC recently introduced its institutional accreditation system.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">PHEIs must obtain accreditation from the HEC through the Academic Accreditation Committee, formed of members recommended by HEC and approved by the Prime Minister of Bahrain. An institution that holds a full license to operate must submit its application for accreditation within twelve months of coming into operation. The accreditation is awarded on the basis of the institution meeting standards established periodically by the HEC. The process entails an on-site inspection that focuses on the quality assurance processes of the institution in areas like governance, academic management, research, student welfare and support, teaching and learning facilities, amongst others. Accreditations are usually awarded to institutions for a period of 4 years (or lesser at the HEC’s discretion), before the expiry of which the institution must apply for re-accreditation and undergo the entire evaluation process again.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Bahrain is expected to attract more than 20,000 students into its higher education system over the next decade, of which almost 35% are expected to be international students. There is a need to increase Bahrain’s higher education capacity, thus making it a ripe time for investments in the higher education sector. Foreign higher education providers in Bahrain can benefit from the neighbouring key markets of Saudi Arabia (particularly its eastern province) and Kuwait, from where most international students in the GCC hail.</p>\r\nTraditionally, the majority of students in Bahrain have enrolled in business, finance or IT related courses. However, enrolment trends across the GCC indicate an increasing interest in science and technology courses due to higher job opportunities arising from the oil and gas industry, increasing infrastructural and construction activities as well as the rising interest in sectors like space exploration. There remains immense scope for foreign higher education providers to venture into engineering, sciences and technology as countries across the GCC look to diversify their economies and boost innovative competitiveness.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;'),
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Bahrain has traditionally enjoyed popularity as a higher education destination in the GCC region owing to its strategic location, quality of life, competitive tuition and living costs, and liberal culture.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Applications to establish Private Higher Education Institutions (\"PHEIs\") in Bahrain must be made to the Secretariat General of the HEC. The application is the first step towards starting new programmes or launching a new institution and the HEC’s criteria for such applications includes the quality of education provided, meeting the economic needs of Bahrain, the quality of faculty staff, the curriculum and the method of teaching. The HEC usually decides upon the application within four (4) months upon submission.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">All foreign private education institutions with headquarters outside Bahrain must be in compliance with laws and regulations applicable in their home countries, in addition to those applicable in Bahrain.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">PHEIs in Bahrain may be established in the following forms:</p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n 	<li dir=\"LTR\">Institute - an institution that awards a diploma, associate diploma or both that are less than a BSc. Degree.</li>\r\n 	<li dir=\"LTR\">College - an institution that awards a university degree or more and may award other higher educational qualifications.</li>\r\n 	<li dir=\"LTR\">University - an institution that comprises a number of colleges or institutes, or both, provided that they are not less than three (3).</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h2 dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">\"Bahrain has traditionally enjoyed popularity as a higher education destination in the GCC region owing to its strategic location, quality of life, competitive tuition and living costs, and liberal culture.\"</h2>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">In line with the national strategy to establish quality assurance mechanisms for higher education within the Kingdom, the HEC recently introduced its institutional accreditation system.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">PHEIs must obtain accreditation from the HEC through the Academic Accreditation Committee, formed of members recommended by HEC and approved by the Prime Minister of Bahrain. An institution that holds a full license to operate must submit its application for accreditation within twelve months of coming into operation. The accreditation is awarded on the basis of the institution meeting standards established periodically by the HEC. The process entails an on-site inspection that focuses on the quality assurance processes of the institution in areas like governance, academic management, research, student welfare and support, teaching and learning facilities, amongst others. Accreditations are usually awarded to institutions for a period of 4 years (or lesser at the HEC’s discretion), before the expiry of which the institution must apply for re-accreditation and undergo the entire evaluation process again.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Bahrain is expected to attract more than 20,000 students into its higher education system over the next decade, of which almost 35% are expected to be international students. There is a need to increase Bahrain’s higher education capacity, thus making it a ripe time for investments in the higher education sector. Foreign higher education providers in Bahrain can benefit from the neighbouring key markets of Saudi Arabia (particularly its eastern province) and Kuwait, from where most international students in the GCC hail.</p>\r\nTraditionally, the majority of students in Bahrain have enrolled in business, finance or IT related courses. However, enrolment trends across the GCC indicate an increasing interest in science and technology courses due to higher job opportunities arising from the oil and gas industry, increasing infrastructural and construction activities as well as the rising interest in sectors like space exploration. There remains immense scope for foreign higher education providers to venture into engineering, sciences and technology as countries across the GCC look to diversify their economies and boost innovative competitiveness.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;|<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\"><img class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-8252\" src=\"https://www.tamimi.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/August-Edition-DPS_Page_26_Image_0003.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"708\" height=\"313\" />\r\nAll higher education institutions in Bahrain, both private and public, are regulated by the Higher Education Council (\"HEC\") which was formed according to Law No. (3) of 2005, to regulate, promote and monitor the higher education sector.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">In line with Bahrain’s 2030 vision, the HEC in 2014 approved the first National Strategy for Higher Education and Scientific Research, <a href=\"https://www.tamimi.com/law-update-articles/the-development-of-bahrains-education-system/\">a ten-year plan that aims to transform Bahrain into a regional hub for quality private higher education</a>. Bahrain has traditionally enjoyed popularity as a higher education destination in the GCC region owing to its strategic location, quality of life, competitive tuition and living costs, and liberal culture.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Applications to establish Private Higher Education Institutions (\"PHEIs\") in Bahrain must be made to the Secretariat General of the HEC. The application is the first step towards starting new programmes or launching a new institution and the HEC’s criteria for such applications includes the quality of education provided, meeting the economic needs of Bahrain, the quality of faculty staff, the curriculum and the method of teaching. The HEC usually decides upon the application within four (4) months upon submission.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">All foreign private education institutions with headquarters outside Bahrain must be in compliance with laws and regulations applicable in their home countries, in addition to those applicable in Bahrain.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">PHEIs in Bahrain may be established in the following forms:</p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n 	<li dir=\"LTR\">Institute - an institution that awards a diploma, associate diploma or both that are less than a BSc. Degree.</li>\r\n 	<li dir=\"LTR\">College - an institution that awards a university degree or more and may award other higher educational qualifications.</li>\r\n 	<li dir=\"LTR\">University - an institution that comprises a number of colleges or institutes, or both, provided that they are not less than three (3).</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h2 dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">\"Bahrain has traditionally enjoyed popularity as a higher education destination in the GCC region owing to its strategic location, quality of life, competitive tuition and living costs, and liberal culture.\"</h2>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\"><img class=\"size-full wp-image-8253 alignleft\" src=\"https://www.tamimi.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/August-Edition-DPS_Page_27_Image_0001.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"395\" height=\"302\" />In line with the national strategy to establish quality assurance mechanisms for higher education within the Kingdom, the HEC recently introduced its institutional accreditation system.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">PHEIs must obtain accreditation from the HEC through the Academic Accreditation Committee, formed of members recommended by HEC and approved by the Prime Minister of Bahrain. An institution that holds a full license to operate must submit its application for accreditation within twelve months of coming into operation. The accreditation is awarded on the basis of the institution meeting standards established periodically by the HEC. The process entails an on-site inspection that focuses on the quality assurance processes of the institution in areas like governance, academic management, research, student welfare and support, teaching and learning facilities, amongst others. Accreditations are usually awarded to institutions for a period of 4 years (or lesser at the HEC’s discretion), before the expiry of which the institution must apply for re-accreditation and undergo the entire evaluation process again.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Bahrain is expected to attract more than 20,000 students into its higher education system over the next decade, of which almost 35% are expected to be international students. There is a need to increase Bahrain’s higher education capacity, thus making it a ripe time for investments in the higher education sector. Foreign higher education providers in Bahrain can benefit from the neighbouring key markets of Saudi Arabia (particularly its eastern province) and Kuwait, from where most international students in the GCC hail.</p>\r\nTraditionally, the majority of students in Bahrain have enrolled in business, finance or IT related courses. However, enrolment trends across the GCC indicate an increasing interest in science and technology courses due to higher job opportunities arising from the oil and gas industry, increasing infrastructural and construction activities as well as the rising interest in sectors like space exploration. There remains immense scope for foreign higher education providers to venture into engineering, sciences and technology as countries across the GCC look to diversify their economies and boost innovative competitiveness.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;'),
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(307204, 29320, 'PostDate', '2018-09-04 07:36:38'),
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(307208, 29320, 'MetaValueNew', '<img class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-8266\" src=\"https://www.tamimi.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/August-Edition-DPS_Page_26_Image_0003b.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1002\" height=\"313\" />\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">All higher education institutions in Bahrain, both private and public, are regulated by the Higher Education Council (\"HEC\") which was formed according to Law No. (3) of 2005, to regulate, promote and monitor the higher education sector.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">In line with Bahrain’s 2030 vision, the HEC in 2014 approved the first National Strategy for Higher Education and Scientific Research, <a href=\"https://www.tamimi.com/law-update-articles/the-development-of-bahrains-education-system/\">a ten-year plan that aims to transform Bahrain into a regional hub for quality private higher education</a>. Bahrain has traditionally enjoyed popularity as a higher education destination in the GCC region owing to its strategic location, quality of life, competitive tuition and living costs, and liberal culture.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Applications to establish Private Higher Education Institutions (\"PHEIs\") in Bahrain must be made to the Secretariat General of the HEC. The application is the first step towards starting new programmes or launching a new institution and the HEC’s criteria for such applications includes the quality of education provided, meeting the economic needs of Bahrain, the quality of faculty staff, the curriculum and the method of teaching. The HEC usually decides upon the application within four (4) months upon submission.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">All foreign private education institutions with headquarters outside Bahrain must be in compliance with laws and regulations applicable in their home countries, in addition to those applicable in Bahrain.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">PHEIs in Bahrain may be established in the following forms:</p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n 	<li dir=\"LTR\">Institute - an institution that awards a diploma, associate diploma or both that are less than a BSc. Degree.</li>\r\n 	<li dir=\"LTR\">College - an institution that awards a university degree or more and may award other higher educational qualifications.</li>\r\n 	<li dir=\"LTR\">University - an institution that comprises a number of colleges or institutes, or both, provided that they are not less than three (3).</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h2 dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">\"Bahrain has traditionally enjoyed popularity as a higher education destination in the GCC region owing to its strategic location, quality of life, competitive tuition and living costs, and liberal culture.\"</h2>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\"><img class=\"size-full wp-image-8253 alignright\" src=\"https://www.tamimi.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/August-Edition-DPS_Page_27_Image_0001.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"395\" height=\"302\" />In line with the national strategy to establish quality assurance mechanisms for higher education within the Kingdom, the HEC recently introduced its institutional accreditation system.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">PHEIs must obtain accreditation from the HEC through the Academic Accreditation Committee, formed of members recommended by HEC and approved by the Prime Minister of Bahrain. An institution that holds a full license to operate must submit its application for accreditation within twelve months of coming into operation. The accreditation is awarded on the basis of the institution meeting standards established periodically by the HEC. The process entails an on-site inspection that focuses on the quality assurance processes of the institution in areas like governance, academic management, research, student welfare and support, teaching and learning facilities, amongst others. Accreditations are usually awarded to institutions for a period of 4 years (or lesser at the HEC’s discretion), before the expiry of which the institution must apply for re-accreditation and undergo the entire evaluation process again.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Bahrain is expected to attract more than 20,000 students into its higher education system over the next decade, of which almost 35% are expected to be international students. There is a need to increase Bahrain’s higher education capacity, thus making it a ripe time for investments in the higher education sector. Foreign higher education providers in Bahrain can benefit from the neighbouring key markets of Saudi Arabia (particularly its eastern province) and Kuwait, from where most international students in the GCC hail.</p>\r\nTraditionally, the majority of students in Bahrain have enrolled in business, finance or IT related courses. However, enrolment trends across the GCC indicate an increasing interest in science and technology courses due to higher job opportunities arising from the oil and gas industry, increasing infrastructural and construction activities as well as the rising interest in sectors like space exploration. There remains immense scope for foreign higher education providers to venture into engineering, sciences and technology as countries across the GCC look to diversify their economies and boost innovative competitiveness.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;'),
(307209, 29320, 'MetaValueOld', '<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\"><img class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-8252\" src=\"https://www.tamimi.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/August-Edition-DPS_Page_26_Image_0003.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"708\" height=\"313\" />\r\nAll higher education institutions in Bahrain, both private and public, are regulated by the Higher Education Council (\"HEC\") which was formed according to Law No. (3) of 2005, to regulate, promote and monitor the higher education sector.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">In line with Bahrain’s 2030 vision, the HEC in 2014 approved the first National Strategy for Higher Education and Scientific Research, <a href=\"https://www.tamimi.com/law-update-articles/the-development-of-bahrains-education-system/\">a ten-year plan that aims to transform Bahrain into a regional hub for quality private higher education</a>. Bahrain has traditionally enjoyed popularity as a higher education destination in the GCC region owing to its strategic location, quality of life, competitive tuition and living costs, and liberal culture.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Applications to establish Private Higher Education Institutions (\"PHEIs\") in Bahrain must be made to the Secretariat General of the HEC. The application is the first step towards starting new programmes or launching a new institution and the HEC’s criteria for such applications includes the quality of education provided, meeting the economic needs of Bahrain, the quality of faculty staff, the curriculum and the method of teaching. The HEC usually decides upon the application within four (4) months upon submission.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">All foreign private education institutions with headquarters outside Bahrain must be in compliance with laws and regulations applicable in their home countries, in addition to those applicable in Bahrain.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">PHEIs in Bahrain may be established in the following forms:</p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n 	<li dir=\"LTR\">Institute - an institution that awards a diploma, associate diploma or both that are less than a BSc. Degree.</li>\r\n 	<li dir=\"LTR\">College - an institution that awards a university degree or more and may award other higher educational qualifications.</li>\r\n 	<li dir=\"LTR\">University - an institution that comprises a number of colleges or institutes, or both, provided that they are not less than three (3).</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h2 dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">\"Bahrain has traditionally enjoyed popularity as a higher education destination in the GCC region owing to its strategic location, quality of life, competitive tuition and living costs, and liberal culture.\"</h2>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\"><img class=\"size-full wp-image-8253 alignleft\" src=\"https://www.tamimi.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/August-Edition-DPS_Page_27_Image_0001.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"395\" height=\"302\" />In line with the national strategy to establish quality assurance mechanisms for higher education within the Kingdom, the HEC recently introduced its institutional accreditation system.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">PHEIs must obtain accreditation from the HEC through the Academic Accreditation Committee, formed of members recommended by HEC and approved by the Prime Minister of Bahrain. An institution that holds a full license to operate must submit its application for accreditation within twelve months of coming into operation. The accreditation is awarded on the basis of the institution meeting standards established periodically by the HEC. The process entails an on-site inspection that focuses on the quality assurance processes of the institution in areas like governance, academic management, research, student welfare and support, teaching and learning facilities, amongst others. Accreditations are usually awarded to institutions for a period of 4 years (or lesser at the HEC’s discretion), before the expiry of which the institution must apply for re-accreditation and undergo the entire evaluation process again.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Bahrain is expected to attract more than 20,000 students into its higher education system over the next decade, of which almost 35% are expected to be international students. There is a need to increase Bahrain’s higher education capacity, thus making it a ripe time for investments in the higher education sector. Foreign higher education providers in Bahrain can benefit from the neighbouring key markets of Saudi Arabia (particularly its eastern province) and Kuwait, from where most international students in the GCC hail.</p>\r\nTraditionally, the majority of students in Bahrain have enrolled in business, finance or IT related courses. However, enrolment trends across the GCC indicate an increasing interest in science and technology courses due to higher job opportunities arising from the oil and gas industry, increasing infrastructural and construction activities as well as the rising interest in sectors like space exploration. There remains immense scope for foreign higher education providers to venture into engineering, sciences and technology as countries across the GCC look to diversify their economies and boost innovative competitiveness.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;'),
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Bahrain has traditionally enjoyed popularity as a higher education destination in the GCC region owing to its strategic location, quality of life, competitive tuition and living costs, and liberal culture.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Applications to establish Private Higher Education Institutions (\"PHEIs\") in Bahrain must be made to the Secretariat General of the HEC. The application is the first step towards starting new programmes or launching a new institution and the HEC’s criteria for such applications includes the quality of education provided, meeting the economic needs of Bahrain, the quality of faculty staff, the curriculum and the method of teaching. The HEC usually decides upon the application within four (4) months upon submission.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">All foreign private education institutions with headquarters outside Bahrain must be in compliance with laws and regulations applicable in their home countries, in addition to those applicable in Bahrain.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">PHEIs in Bahrain may be established in the following forms:</p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n 	<li dir=\"LTR\">Institute - an institution that awards a diploma, associate diploma or both that are less than a BSc. Degree.</li>\r\n 	<li dir=\"LTR\">College - an institution that awards a university degree or more and may award other higher educational qualifications.</li>\r\n 	<li dir=\"LTR\">University - an institution that comprises a number of colleges or institutes, or both, provided that they are not less than three (3).</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h2 dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">\"Bahrain has traditionally enjoyed popularity as a higher education destination in the GCC region owing to its strategic location, quality of life, competitive tuition and living costs, and liberal culture.\"</h2>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\"><img class=\"size-full wp-image-8253 alignleft\" src=\"https://www.tamimi.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/August-Edition-DPS_Page_27_Image_0001.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"395\" height=\"302\" />In line with the national strategy to establish quality assurance mechanisms for higher education within the Kingdom, the HEC recently introduced its institutional accreditation system.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">PHEIs must obtain accreditation from the HEC through the Academic Accreditation Committee, formed of members recommended by HEC and approved by the Prime Minister of Bahrain. An institution that holds a full license to operate must submit its application for accreditation within twelve months of coming into operation. The accreditation is awarded on the basis of the institution meeting standards established periodically by the HEC. The process entails an on-site inspection that focuses on the quality assurance processes of the institution in areas like governance, academic management, research, student welfare and support, teaching and learning facilities, amongst others. Accreditations are usually awarded to institutions for a period of 4 years (or lesser at the HEC’s discretion), before the expiry of which the institution must apply for re-accreditation and undergo the entire evaluation process again.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Bahrain is expected to attract more than 20,000 students into its higher education system over the next decade, of which almost 35% are expected to be international students. There is a need to increase Bahrain’s higher education capacity, thus making it a ripe time for investments in the higher education sector. Foreign higher education providers in Bahrain can benefit from the neighbouring key markets of Saudi Arabia (particularly its eastern province) and Kuwait, from where most international students in the GCC hail.</p>\r\nTraditionally, the majority of students in Bahrain have enrolled in business, finance or IT related courses. However, enrolment trends across the GCC indicate an increasing interest in science and technology courses due to higher job opportunities arising from the oil and gas industry, increasing infrastructural and construction activities as well as the rising interest in sectors like space exploration. There remains immense scope for foreign higher education providers to venture into engineering, sciences and technology as countries across the GCC look to diversify their economies and boost innovative competitiveness.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;|<img class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-8266\" src=\"https://www.tamimi.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/August-Edition-DPS_Page_26_Image_0003b.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1002\" height=\"313\" />\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">All higher education institutions in Bahrain, both private and public, are regulated by the Higher Education Council (\"HEC\") which was formed according to Law No. (3) of 2005, to regulate, promote and monitor the higher education sector.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">In line with Bahrain’s 2030 vision, the HEC in 2014 approved the first National Strategy for Higher Education and Scientific Research, <a href=\"https://www.tamimi.com/law-update-articles/the-development-of-bahrains-education-system/\">a ten-year plan that aims to transform Bahrain into a regional hub for quality private higher education</a>. Bahrain has traditionally enjoyed popularity as a higher education destination in the GCC region owing to its strategic location, quality of life, competitive tuition and living costs, and liberal culture.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Applications to establish Private Higher Education Institutions (\"PHEIs\") in Bahrain must be made to the Secretariat General of the HEC. The application is the first step towards starting new programmes or launching a new institution and the HEC’s criteria for such applications includes the quality of education provided, meeting the economic needs of Bahrain, the quality of faculty staff, the curriculum and the method of teaching. The HEC usually decides upon the application within four (4) months upon submission.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">All foreign private education institutions with headquarters outside Bahrain must be in compliance with laws and regulations applicable in their home countries, in addition to those applicable in Bahrain.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">PHEIs in Bahrain may be established in the following forms:</p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n 	<li dir=\"LTR\">Institute - an institution that awards a diploma, associate diploma or both that are less than a BSc. Degree.</li>\r\n 	<li dir=\"LTR\">College - an institution that awards a university degree or more and may award other higher educational qualifications.</li>\r\n 	<li dir=\"LTR\">University - an institution that comprises a number of colleges or institutes, or both, provided that they are not less than three (3).</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h2 dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">\"Bahrain has traditionally enjoyed popularity as a higher education destination in the GCC region owing to its strategic location, quality of life, competitive tuition and living costs, and liberal culture.\"</h2>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\"><img class=\"size-full wp-image-8253 alignright\" src=\"https://www.tamimi.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/August-Edition-DPS_Page_27_Image_0001.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"395\" height=\"302\" />In line with the national strategy to establish quality assurance mechanisms for higher education within the Kingdom, the HEC recently introduced its institutional accreditation system.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">PHEIs must obtain accreditation from the HEC through the Academic Accreditation Committee, formed of members recommended by HEC and approved by the Prime Minister of Bahrain. An institution that holds a full license to operate must submit its application for accreditation within twelve months of coming into operation. The accreditation is awarded on the basis of the institution meeting standards established periodically by the HEC. The process entails an on-site inspection that focuses on the quality assurance processes of the institution in areas like governance, academic management, research, student welfare and support, teaching and learning facilities, amongst others. Accreditations are usually awarded to institutions for a period of 4 years (or lesser at the HEC’s discretion), before the expiry of which the institution must apply for re-accreditation and undergo the entire evaluation process again.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Bahrain is expected to attract more than 20,000 students into its higher education system over the next decade, of which almost 35% are expected to be international students. There is a need to increase Bahrain’s higher education capacity, thus making it a ripe time for investments in the higher education sector. Foreign higher education providers in Bahrain can benefit from the neighbouring key markets of Saudi Arabia (particularly its eastern province) and Kuwait, from where most international students in the GCC hail.</p>\r\nTraditionally, the majority of students in Bahrain have enrolled in business, finance or IT related courses. However, enrolment trends across the GCC indicate an increasing interest in science and technology courses due to higher job opportunities arising from the oil and gas industry, increasing infrastructural and construction activities as well as the rising interest in sectors like space exploration. There remains immense scope for foreign higher education providers to venture into engineering, sciences and technology as countries across the GCC look to diversify their economies and boost innovative competitiveness.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;'),
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Bahrain has traditionally enjoyed popularity as a higher education destination in the GCC region owing to its strategic location, quality of life, competitive tuition and living costs, and liberal culture.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Applications to establish Private Higher Education Institutions (\"PHEIs\") in Bahrain must be made to the Secretariat General of the HEC. The application is the first step towards starting new programmes or launching a new institution and the HEC’s criteria for such applications includes the quality of education provided, meeting the economic needs of Bahrain, the quality of faculty staff, the curriculum and the method of teaching. The HEC usually decides upon the application within four (4) months upon submission.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">All foreign private education institutions with headquarters outside Bahrain must be in compliance with laws and regulations applicable in their home countries, in addition to those applicable in Bahrain.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">PHEIs in Bahrain may be established in the following forms:</p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n 	<li dir=\"LTR\">Institute - an institution that awards a diploma, associate diploma or both that are less than a BSc. Degree.</li>\r\n 	<li dir=\"LTR\">College - an institution that awards a university degree or more and may award other higher educational qualifications.</li>\r\n 	<li dir=\"LTR\">University - an institution that comprises a number of colleges or institutes, or both, provided that they are not less than three (3).</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h2 dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">\"Bahrain has traditionally enjoyed popularity as a higher education destination in the GCC region owing to its strategic location, quality of life, competitive tuition and living costs, and liberal culture.\"</h2>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\"><img class=\" wp-image-8253 alignright\" src=\"https://www.tamimi.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/August-Edition-DPS_Page_27_Image_0001.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"305\" height=\"233\" />In line with the national strategy to establish quality assurance mechanisms for higher education within the Kingdom, the HEC recently introduced its institutional accreditation system.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">PHEIs must obtain accreditation from the HEC through the Academic Accreditation Committee, formed of members recommended by HEC and approved by the Prime Minister of Bahrain. An institution that holds a full license to operate must submit its application for accreditation within twelve months of coming into operation. The accreditation is awarded on the basis of the institution meeting standards established periodically by the HEC. The process entails an on-site inspection that focuses on the quality assurance processes of the institution in areas like governance, academic management, research, student welfare and support, teaching and learning facilities, amongst others. Accreditations are usually awarded to institutions for a period of 4 years (or lesser at the HEC’s discretion), before the expiry of which the institution must apply for re-accreditation and undergo the entire evaluation process again.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Bahrain is expected to attract more than 20,000 students into its higher education system over the next decade, of which almost 35% are expected to be international students. There is a need to increase Bahrain’s higher education capacity, thus making it a ripe time for investments in the higher education sector. Foreign higher education providers in Bahrain can benefit from the neighbouring key markets of Saudi Arabia (particularly its eastern province) and Kuwait, from where most international students in the GCC hail.</p>\r\nTraditionally, the majority of students in Bahrain have enrolled in business, finance or IT related courses. However, enrolment trends across the GCC indicate an increasing interest in science and technology courses due to higher job opportunities arising from the oil and gas industry, increasing infrastructural and construction activities as well as the rising interest in sectors like space exploration. There remains immense scope for foreign higher education providers to venture into engineering, sciences and technology as countries across the GCC look to diversify their economies and boost innovative competitiveness.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;'),
(307281, 29327, 'MetaValueOld', '<img class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-8266\" src=\"https://www.tamimi.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/August-Edition-DPS_Page_26_Image_0003b.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1002\" height=\"313\" />\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">All higher education institutions in Bahrain, both private and public, are regulated by the Higher Education Council (\"HEC\") which was formed according to Law No. (3) of 2005, to regulate, promote and monitor the higher education sector.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">In line with Bahrain’s 2030 vision, the HEC in 2014 approved the first National Strategy for Higher Education and Scientific Research, <a href=\"https://www.tamimi.com/law-update-articles/the-development-of-bahrains-education-system/\">a ten-year plan that aims to transform Bahrain into a regional hub for quality private higher education</a>. Bahrain has traditionally enjoyed popularity as a higher education destination in the GCC region owing to its strategic location, quality of life, competitive tuition and living costs, and liberal culture.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Applications to establish Private Higher Education Institutions (\"PHEIs\") in Bahrain must be made to the Secretariat General of the HEC. The application is the first step towards starting new programmes or launching a new institution and the HEC’s criteria for such applications includes the quality of education provided, meeting the economic needs of Bahrain, the quality of faculty staff, the curriculum and the method of teaching. The HEC usually decides upon the application within four (4) months upon submission.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">All foreign private education institutions with headquarters outside Bahrain must be in compliance with laws and regulations applicable in their home countries, in addition to those applicable in Bahrain.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">PHEIs in Bahrain may be established in the following forms:</p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n 	<li dir=\"LTR\">Institute - an institution that awards a diploma, associate diploma or both that are less than a BSc. Degree.</li>\r\n 	<li dir=\"LTR\">College - an institution that awards a university degree or more and may award other higher educational qualifications.</li>\r\n 	<li dir=\"LTR\">University - an institution that comprises a number of colleges or institutes, or both, provided that they are not less than three (3).</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h2 dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">\"Bahrain has traditionally enjoyed popularity as a higher education destination in the GCC region owing to its strategic location, quality of life, competitive tuition and living costs, and liberal culture.\"</h2>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\"><img class=\"size-full wp-image-8253 alignright\" src=\"https://www.tamimi.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/August-Edition-DPS_Page_27_Image_0001.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"395\" height=\"302\" />In line with the national strategy to establish quality assurance mechanisms for higher education within the Kingdom, the HEC recently introduced its institutional accreditation system.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">PHEIs must obtain accreditation from the HEC through the Academic Accreditation Committee, formed of members recommended by HEC and approved by the Prime Minister of Bahrain. An institution that holds a full license to operate must submit its application for accreditation within twelve months of coming into operation. The accreditation is awarded on the basis of the institution meeting standards established periodically by the HEC. The process entails an on-site inspection that focuses on the quality assurance processes of the institution in areas like governance, academic management, research, student welfare and support, teaching and learning facilities, amongst others. Accreditations are usually awarded to institutions for a period of 4 years (or lesser at the HEC’s discretion), before the expiry of which the institution must apply for re-accreditation and undergo the entire evaluation process again.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Bahrain is expected to attract more than 20,000 students into its higher education system over the next decade, of which almost 35% are expected to be international students. There is a need to increase Bahrain’s higher education capacity, thus making it a ripe time for investments in the higher education sector. Foreign higher education providers in Bahrain can benefit from the neighbouring key markets of Saudi Arabia (particularly its eastern province) and Kuwait, from where most international students in the GCC hail.</p>\r\nTraditionally, the majority of students in Bahrain have enrolled in business, finance or IT related courses. However, enrolment trends across the GCC indicate an increasing interest in science and technology courses due to higher job opportunities arising from the oil and gas industry, increasing infrastructural and construction activities as well as the rising interest in sectors like space exploration. There remains immense scope for foreign higher education providers to venture into engineering, sciences and technology as countries across the GCC look to diversify their economies and boost innovative competitiveness.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;'),
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(307284, 29327, 'ReportText', '<img class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-8266\" src=\"https://www.tamimi.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/August-Edition-DPS_Page_26_Image_0003b.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1002\" height=\"313\" />\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">All higher education institutions in Bahrain, both private and public, are regulated by the Higher Education Council (\"HEC\") which was formed according to Law No. (3) of 2005, to regulate, promote and monitor the higher education sector.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">In line with Bahrain’s 2030 vision, the HEC in 2014 approved the first National Strategy for Higher Education and Scientific Research, <a href=\"https://www.tamimi.com/law-update-articles/the-development-of-bahrains-education-system/\">a ten-year plan that aims to transform Bahrain into a regional hub for quality private higher education</a>. Bahrain has traditionally enjoyed popularity as a higher education destination in the GCC region owing to its strategic location, quality of life, competitive tuition and living costs, and liberal culture.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Applications to establish Private Higher Education Institutions (\"PHEIs\") in Bahrain must be made to the Secretariat General of the HEC. The application is the first step towards starting new programmes or launching a new institution and the HEC’s criteria for such applications includes the quality of education provided, meeting the economic needs of Bahrain, the quality of faculty staff, the curriculum and the method of teaching. The HEC usually decides upon the application within four (4) months upon submission.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">All foreign private education institutions with headquarters outside Bahrain must be in compliance with laws and regulations applicable in their home countries, in addition to those applicable in Bahrain.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">PHEIs in Bahrain may be established in the following forms:</p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n 	<li dir=\"LTR\">Institute - an institution that awards a diploma, associate diploma or both that are less than a BSc. Degree.</li>\r\n 	<li dir=\"LTR\">College - an institution that awards a university degree or more and may award other higher educational qualifications.</li>\r\n 	<li dir=\"LTR\">University - an institution that comprises a number of colleges or institutes, or both, provided that they are not less than three (3).</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h2 dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">\"Bahrain has traditionally enjoyed popularity as a higher education destination in the GCC region owing to its strategic location, quality of life, competitive tuition and living costs, and liberal culture.\"</h2>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\"><img class=\"size-full wp-image-8253 alignright\" src=\"https://www.tamimi.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/August-Edition-DPS_Page_27_Image_0001.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"395\" height=\"302\" />In line with the national strategy to establish quality assurance mechanisms for higher education within the Kingdom, the HEC recently introduced its institutional accreditation system.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">PHEIs must obtain accreditation from the HEC through the Academic Accreditation Committee, formed of members recommended by HEC and approved by the Prime Minister of Bahrain. An institution that holds a full license to operate must submit its application for accreditation within twelve months of coming into operation. The accreditation is awarded on the basis of the institution meeting standards established periodically by the HEC. The process entails an on-site inspection that focuses on the quality assurance processes of the institution in areas like governance, academic management, research, student welfare and support, teaching and learning facilities, amongst others. Accreditations are usually awarded to institutions for a period of 4 years (or lesser at the HEC’s discretion), before the expiry of which the institution must apply for re-accreditation and undergo the entire evaluation process again.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Bahrain is expected to attract more than 20,000 students into its higher education system over the next decade, of which almost 35% are expected to be international students. There is a need to increase Bahrain’s higher education capacity, thus making it a ripe time for investments in the higher education sector. Foreign higher education providers in Bahrain can benefit from the neighbouring key markets of Saudi Arabia (particularly its eastern province) and Kuwait, from where most international students in the GCC hail.</p>\r\nTraditionally, the majority of students in Bahrain have enrolled in business, finance or IT related courses. However, enrolment trends across the GCC indicate an increasing interest in science and technology courses due to higher job opportunities arising from the oil and gas industry, increasing infrastructural and construction activities as well as the rising interest in sectors like space exploration. There remains immense scope for foreign higher education providers to venture into engineering, sciences and technology as countries across the GCC look to diversify their economies and boost innovative competitiveness.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;|<img class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-8266\" src=\"https://www.tamimi.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/August-Edition-DPS_Page_26_Image_0003b.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1002\" height=\"313\" />\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">All higher education institutions in Bahrain, both private and public, are regulated by the Higher Education Council (\"HEC\") which was formed according to Law No. (3) of 2005, to regulate, promote and monitor the higher education sector.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">In line with Bahrain’s 2030 vision, the HEC in 2014 approved the first National Strategy for Higher Education and Scientific Research, <a href=\"https://www.tamimi.com/law-update-articles/the-development-of-bahrains-education-system/\">a ten-year plan that aims to transform Bahrain into a regional hub for quality private higher education</a>. Bahrain has traditionally enjoyed popularity as a higher education destination in the GCC region owing to its strategic location, quality of life, competitive tuition and living costs, and liberal culture.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Applications to establish Private Higher Education Institutions (\"PHEIs\") in Bahrain must be made to the Secretariat General of the HEC. The application is the first step towards starting new programmes or launching a new institution and the HEC’s criteria for such applications includes the quality of education provided, meeting the economic needs of Bahrain, the quality of faculty staff, the curriculum and the method of teaching. The HEC usually decides upon the application within four (4) months upon submission.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">All foreign private education institutions with headquarters outside Bahrain must be in compliance with laws and regulations applicable in their home countries, in addition to those applicable in Bahrain.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">PHEIs in Bahrain may be established in the following forms:</p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n 	<li dir=\"LTR\">Institute - an institution that awards a diploma, associate diploma or both that are less than a BSc. Degree.</li>\r\n 	<li dir=\"LTR\">College - an institution that awards a university degree or more and may award other higher educational qualifications.</li>\r\n 	<li dir=\"LTR\">University - an institution that comprises a number of colleges or institutes, or both, provided that they are not less than three (3).</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h2 dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">\"Bahrain has traditionally enjoyed popularity as a higher education destination in the GCC region owing to its strategic location, quality of life, competitive tuition and living costs, and liberal culture.\"</h2>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\"><img class=\" wp-image-8253 alignright\" src=\"https://www.tamimi.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/August-Edition-DPS_Page_27_Image_0001.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"305\" height=\"233\" />In line with the national strategy to establish quality assurance mechanisms for higher education within the Kingdom, the HEC recently introduced its institutional accreditation system.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">PHEIs must obtain accreditation from the HEC through the Academic Accreditation Committee, formed of members recommended by HEC and approved by the Prime Minister of Bahrain. An institution that holds a full license to operate must submit its application for accreditation within twelve months of coming into operation. The accreditation is awarded on the basis of the institution meeting standards established periodically by the HEC. The process entails an on-site inspection that focuses on the quality assurance processes of the institution in areas like governance, academic management, research, student welfare and support, teaching and learning facilities, amongst others. Accreditations are usually awarded to institutions for a period of 4 years (or lesser at the HEC’s discretion), before the expiry of which the institution must apply for re-accreditation and undergo the entire evaluation process again.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Bahrain is expected to attract more than 20,000 students into its higher education system over the next decade, of which almost 35% are expected to be international students. There is a need to increase Bahrain’s higher education capacity, thus making it a ripe time for investments in the higher education sector. Foreign higher education providers in Bahrain can benefit from the neighbouring key markets of Saudi Arabia (particularly its eastern province) and Kuwait, from where most international students in the GCC hail.</p>\r\nTraditionally, the majority of students in Bahrain have enrolled in business, finance or IT related courses. However, enrolment trends across the GCC indicate an increasing interest in science and technology courses due to higher job opportunities arising from the oil and gas industry, increasing infrastructural and construction activities as well as the rising interest in sectors like space exploration. There remains immense scope for foreign higher education providers to venture into engineering, sciences and technology as countries across the GCC look to diversify their economies and boost innovative competitiveness.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;'),
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(307364, 29334, 'MetaValueNew', '<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\"><img class=\"alignright size-full wp-image-8254\" src=\"https://www.tamimi.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/August-Edition-DPS_Page_27_Image_0005.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"518\" height=\"278\" />Egypt has faced many challenges in recent years, the most serious of which has been the economic strain that years of political instability have brought on productivity and economic security. Additionally, Egypt has also been facing several chronic problems that have gradually worsened over the years including in the health and education sectors. However, in the last four years, private and public investment in education has increased significantly.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Most recently, EFG-Hermes acquired a group of schools in an EGP 1 billion transaction from the Talaat Mostafa Group. The schools will be managed by the UAE-based education company, GEMS. The partnership between GEMS and EFG-Hermes plans to invest up to USD 300 million on school acquisitions in the coming years. There have also been serious efforts to modernize the education sector from elementary schools to universities. Vision 2030 for education in Egypt along with the Minister of Education’s efforts to overhaul the current system are ambitious and promising.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">The purpose of this article is to highlight further opportunities in the Egyptian Education Sector as well as some key challenges and related legislative developments.</p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h3 dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\"></h3>\r\n<h3 dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Constitutional Background</h3>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Education has always been a right enshrined in the Egyptian Constitution but its most recent iteration in Article 19 of the 2014 Constitution is one that offers more legal guarantees promising to raise the level of education and ensure free education to all, while spending no less than 4% of the government’s budget on education. This is certainly a challenging goal to achieve especially when considering the education sector’s longstanding problems.</p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h3 dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Challenges to the Education Sector</h3>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\"><em>Overpopulation and lack of resources</em></p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">With a rising population of over 100 million people and limited resources, Egypt’s public education struggles a great deal, especially considering high poverty rates which preclude a majority of the population from seeking private education. The average number of students in a public classroom in Egypt is 45, while every year an additional 500,000-700,000 students enter schools. This is partially due to an infrastructure problem that impedes the creation of sufficient capacity. Even though there are 55,000 schools across the country, far more schools are still required to meet the challenges ahead. This problem is worsened when it comes to higher education, as only 31% of 18-22 year-olds are enrolled in a university.</p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\"><em>Lack of quality public education</em></p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">The natural result of overcrowded schools and underfunded education is a dramatic reduction in quality. Egypt is ranked 141st in terms of quality of basic education and only has one university ranked among the best universities worldwide. However, this problem is further exacerbated by a lack of qualified and well-educated teachers, due to a lack of training and meagre wages. The lack of quality higher education creates a gap between the requirements of the job market and the skills and knowledge obtained by graduates. This is exemplified by the fact that 35% of graduates of higher education institutes are unemployed.</p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\"><em>Vision for the Future and New Developments</em></p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Egypt has given a prominent position to education in its national strategy, to be achieved by 2030. By introducing radical changes to both basic and higher education, the Egyptian government is aiming to developing a new generation of competent Egyptians that are capable of competing on the global stage.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">In terms of basic education, the Government is seeking to develop existing schools, introduce a set of new schools established on a model inspired by the Japanese education system and restructuring the technical schools to turn them into technology-focused schools that provide modern and up to date education.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">As for higher education, the strategy is based on three pillars: i) International Branch Campuses (IBCs), ii) \"Ahleya\" Universities, which are non-profit and non-governmental universities and iii) technology institutes.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">In relation to IBCs, 220 acres in the new administrative capital have already been allocated to IBCs and a number of universities from Austria, Canada, Hungary, Sweden, UK and USA have been granted approval to setup IBCs with many of them targeting to commence operations in the academic year 2018-2019.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Moreover, the Government is working on establishing research centres specialising in biotechnology, renewable energy, AI and genetics and thirty-two \"Ahleya\" universities by 2030. It is also planning on working with its international partners to improve the ranking of public Egyptian universities.</p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\"><em><img class=\" wp-image-8255 alignleft\" src=\"https://www.tamimi.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/August-Edition-DPS_Page_28_Image_0001.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"590\" height=\"359\" />Legislative Developments</em></p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">On the legislative side, the legislative map for the coming year includes enactment of laws regulating IBCs, technology institutes and university-affiliated hospitals as well as amending laws regulating private and \"Ahleya\" universities and public universities.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Among those laws, the International Branch Campus Law no. 162 of 2018 (\"IBC Law\") stands as the most significant given the novelty of the concept to Egypt and the significant potential investment its enactment will bring. The IBC Law distinguishes between three different entities: the Parent University, which is the university that will establish a branch, bearing its name, in Egypt, the Branch, which will be the IBC established in Egypt and the Educational Institution, which is the institution that will be established to host the Branch and run the administrative matters relating to the Branch.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">The Branch will be established by virtue of a presidential decree. The Branch will be able to benefit from a wide array of benefits provided by Egyptian laws, including the new investment law, (Law.72 of 2017) which provides for tax benefits. The Branch will be required to:</p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n 	<li>abide by all Egyptian laws and regulations;</li>\r\n 	<li>submit a list of all Non-Egyptian nominees for senior management and academic staff positions to the Ministry of Higher Education, prior to the execution of their appointment, for approval;</li>\r\n 	<li>have at least fifty (50) percent of its student body formed by Egyptian nationals;</li>\r\n 	<li>provide its students with the same academic material used at the Parent University;</li>\r\n 	<li>award the same degree as the Parent University;</li>\r\n 	<li>allocate a number of scholarships and grants to its students and academic staff to enable them to study and attend training sessions at the Parent University; and</li>\r\n 	<li>present to the Ministry of Higher Education a five-year vision and expansion plan.</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h3 dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Conclusion</h3>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Though the Egyptian education sector has many challenges ahead, it also possesses many opportunities for positive reform to be created by private investments. Private schools and universities are becoming increasingly necessary while the government’s vision for education will also create many business opportunities for education-centric businesses. This includes supplying public schools with modern facilities, training teachers and creating new curricula. Many foreign investors are recognizing the potential in the education market and investing heavily in Egypt, while local investors are doubling-down on their investments in education by constantly expanding their schools and universities.</p>\r\n<em>Al Tamimi &amp; Company’s <a href=\"https://www.tamimi.com/practice/corporate-structuring/\">Corporate Structuring</a> and <a href=\"https://www.tamimi.com/practice/corporate-mergers-acquisitions/\">Corporate Commercial</a> team regularly advise on education transactions and re-structuring. For further information please contact <a href=\"https://www.tamimi.com/lawyer/ayman-nour/\">Ayman Nour</a> (<a href=\"mailto:A.nour@tamimi.com\">A.nour@tamimi.com</a>) or Mohamed Gabr (<a href=\"mailto:M.Gabr@tamimi.com\">M.Gabr@tamimi.com</a>).</em>'),
(307365, 29334, 'MetaValueOld', '<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Egypt has faced many challenges in recent years, the most serious of which has been the economic strain that years of political instability have brought on productivity and economic security. Additionally, Egypt has also been facing several chronic problems that have gradually worsened over the years including in the health and education sectors. However, in the last four years, private and public investment in education has increased significantly.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Most recently, EFG-Hermes acquired a group of schools in an EGP 1 billion transaction from the Talaat Mostafa Group. The schools will be managed by the UAE-based education company, GEMS. The partnership between GEMS and EFG-Hermes plans to invest up to USD 300 million on school acquisitions in the coming years. There have also been serious efforts to modernize the education sector from elementary schools to universities. Vision 2030 for education in Egypt along with the Minister of Education’s efforts to overhaul the current system are ambitious and promising.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">The purpose of this article is to highlight further opportunities in the Egyptian Education Sector as well as some key challenges and related legislative developments.</p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h3 dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\"></h3>\r\n<h3 dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Constitutional Background</h3>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Education has always been a right enshrined in the Egyptian Constitution but its most recent iteration in Article 19 of the 2014 Constitution is one that offers more legal guarantees promising to raise the level of education and ensure free education to all, while spending no less than 4% of the government’s budget on education. This is certainly a challenging goal to achieve especially when considering the education sector’s longstanding problems.</p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h3 dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Challenges to the Education Sector</h3>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\"><em>Overpopulation and lack of resources</em></p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">With a rising population of over 100 million people and limited resources, Egypt’s public education struggles a great deal, especially considering high poverty rates which preclude a majority of the population from seeking private education. The average number of students in a public classroom in Egypt is 45, while every year an additional 500,000-700,000 students enter schools. This is partially due to an infrastructure problem that impedes the creation of sufficient capacity. Even though there are 55,000 schools across the country, far more schools are still required to meet the challenges ahead. This problem is worsened when it comes to higher education, as only 31% of 18-22 year-olds are enrolled in a university.</p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\"><em>Lack of quality public education</em></p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">The natural result of overcrowded schools and underfunded education is a dramatic reduction in quality. Egypt is ranked 141st in terms of quality of basic education and only has one university ranked among the best universities worldwide. However, this problem is further exacerbated by a lack of qualified and well-educated teachers, due to a lack of training and meagre wages. The lack of quality higher education creates a gap between the requirements of the job market and the skills and knowledge obtained by graduates. This is exemplified by the fact that 35% of graduates of higher education institutes are unemployed.</p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\"><em>Vision for the Future and New Developments</em></p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Egypt has given a prominent position to education in its national strategy, to be achieved by 2030. By introducing radical changes to both basic and higher education, the Egyptian government is aiming to developing a new generation of competent Egyptians that are capable of competing on the global stage.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">In terms of basic education, the Government is seeking to develop existing schools, introduce a set of new schools established on a model inspired by the Japanese education system and restructuring the technical schools to turn them into technology-focused schools that provide modern and up to date education.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">As for higher education, the strategy is based on three pillars: i) International Branch Campuses (IBCs), ii) \"Ahleya\" Universities, which are non-profit and non-governmental universities and iii) technology institutes.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">In relation to IBCs, 220 acres in the new administrative capital have already been allocated to IBCs and a number of universities from Austria, Canada, Hungary, Sweden, UK and USA have been granted approval to setup IBCs with many of them targeting to commence operations in the academic year 2018-2019.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Moreover, the Government is working on establishing research centres specialising in biotechnology, renewable energy, AI and genetics and thirty-two \"Ahleya\" universities by 2030. It is also planning on working with its international partners to improve the ranking of public Egyptian universities.</p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\"><em>Legislative Developments</em></p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">On the legislative side, the legislative map for the coming year includes enactment of laws regulating IBCs, technology institutes and university-affiliated hospitals as well as amending laws regulating private and \"Ahleya\" universities and public universities.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Among those laws, the International Branch Campus Law no. 162 of 2018 (\"IBC Law\") stands as the most significant given the novelty of the concept to Egypt and the significant potential investment its enactment will bring. The IBC Law distinguishes between three different entities: the Parent University, which is the university that will establish a branch, bearing its name, in Egypt, the Branch, which will be the IBC established in Egypt and the Educational Institution, which is the institution that will be established to host the Branch and run the administrative matters relating to the Branch.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">The Branch will be established by virtue of a presidential decree. The Branch will be able to benefit from a wide array of benefits provided by Egyptian laws, including the new investment law, (Law.72 of 2017) which provides for tax benefits. The Branch will be required to:</p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n 	<li>abide by all Egyptian laws and regulations;</li>\r\n 	<li>submit a list of all Non-Egyptian nominees for senior management and academic staff positions to the Ministry of Higher Education, prior to the execution of their appointment, for approval;</li>\r\n 	<li>have at least fifty (50) percent of its student body formed by Egyptian nationals;</li>\r\n 	<li>provide its students with the same academic material used at the Parent University;</li>\r\n 	<li>award the same degree as the Parent University;</li>\r\n 	<li>allocate a number of scholarships and grants to its students and academic staff to enable them to study and attend training sessions at the Parent University; and</li>\r\n 	<li>present to the Ministry of Higher Education a five-year vision and expansion plan.</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h3 dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Conclusion</h3>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Though the Egyptian education sector has many challenges ahead, it also possesses many opportunities for positive reform to be created by private investments. Private schools and universities are becoming increasingly necessary while the government’s vision for education will also create many business opportunities for education-centric businesses. This includes supplying public schools with modern facilities, training teachers and creating new curricula. Many foreign investors are recognizing the potential in the education market and investing heavily in Egypt, while local investors are doubling-down on their investments in education by constantly expanding their schools and universities.</p>\r\n\r\n<em>Al Tamimi &amp; Company’s <a href=\"https://www.tamimi.com/practice/corporate-structuring/\">Corporate Structuring</a> and <a href=\"https://www.tamimi.com/practice/corporate-mergers-acquisitions/\">Corporate Commercial</a> team regularly advise on education transactions and re-structuring. For further information please contact <a href=\"https://www.tamimi.com/lawyer/ayman-nour/\">Ayman Nour</a> (<a href=\"mailto:A.nour@tamimi.com\">A.nour@tamimi.com</a>) or Mohamed Gabr (<a href=\"mailto:M.Gabr@tamimi.com\">M.Gabr@tamimi.com</a>).</em>'),
(307366, 29334, 'MetaLink', 'content'),
(307367, 29334, 'EditorLinkPost', 'https://www.tamimi.com/wp-admin/post.php?post=8202&amp;action=edit'),
(307368, 29334, 'ReportText', '<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Egypt has faced many challenges in recent years, the most serious of which has been the economic strain that years of political instability have brought on productivity and economic security. Additionally, Egypt has also been facing several chronic problems that have gradually worsened over the years including in the health and education sectors. However, in the last four years, private and public investment in education has increased significantly.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Most recently, EFG-Hermes acquired a group of schools in an EGP 1 billion transaction from the Talaat Mostafa Group. The schools will be managed by the UAE-based education company, GEMS. The partnership between GEMS and EFG-Hermes plans to invest up to USD 300 million on school acquisitions in the coming years. There have also been serious efforts to modernize the education sector from elementary schools to universities. Vision 2030 for education in Egypt along with the Minister of Education’s efforts to overhaul the current system are ambitious and promising.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">The purpose of this article is to highlight further opportunities in the Egyptian Education Sector as well as some key challenges and related legislative developments.</p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h3 dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\"></h3>\r\n<h3 dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Constitutional Background</h3>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Education has always been a right enshrined in the Egyptian Constitution but its most recent iteration in Article 19 of the 2014 Constitution is one that offers more legal guarantees promising to raise the level of education and ensure free education to all, while spending no less than 4% of the government’s budget on education. This is certainly a challenging goal to achieve especially when considering the education sector’s longstanding problems.</p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h3 dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Challenges to the Education Sector</h3>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\"><em>Overpopulation and lack of resources</em></p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">With a rising population of over 100 million people and limited resources, Egypt’s public education struggles a great deal, especially considering high poverty rates which preclude a majority of the population from seeking private education. The average number of students in a public classroom in Egypt is 45, while every year an additional 500,000-700,000 students enter schools. This is partially due to an infrastructure problem that impedes the creation of sufficient capacity. Even though there are 55,000 schools across the country, far more schools are still required to meet the challenges ahead. This problem is worsened when it comes to higher education, as only 31% of 18-22 year-olds are enrolled in a university.</p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\"><em>Lack of quality public education</em></p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">The natural result of overcrowded schools and underfunded education is a dramatic reduction in quality. Egypt is ranked 141st in terms of quality of basic education and only has one university ranked among the best universities worldwide. However, this problem is further exacerbated by a lack of qualified and well-educated teachers, due to a lack of training and meagre wages. The lack of quality higher education creates a gap between the requirements of the job market and the skills and knowledge obtained by graduates. This is exemplified by the fact that 35% of graduates of higher education institutes are unemployed.</p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\"><em>Vision for the Future and New Developments</em></p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Egypt has given a prominent position to education in its national strategy, to be achieved by 2030. By introducing radical changes to both basic and higher education, the Egyptian government is aiming to developing a new generation of competent Egyptians that are capable of competing on the global stage.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">In terms of basic education, the Government is seeking to develop existing schools, introduce a set of new schools established on a model inspired by the Japanese education system and restructuring the technical schools to turn them into technology-focused schools that provide modern and up to date education.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">As for higher education, the strategy is based on three pillars: i) International Branch Campuses (IBCs), ii) \"Ahleya\" Universities, which are non-profit and non-governmental universities and iii) technology institutes.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">In relation to IBCs, 220 acres in the new administrative capital have already been allocated to IBCs and a number of universities from Austria, Canada, Hungary, Sweden, UK and USA have been granted approval to setup IBCs with many of them targeting to commence operations in the academic year 2018-2019.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Moreover, the Government is working on establishing research centres specialising in biotechnology, renewable energy, AI and genetics and thirty-two \"Ahleya\" universities by 2030. It is also planning on working with its international partners to improve the ranking of public Egyptian universities.</p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\"><em>Legislative Developments</em></p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">On the legislative side, the legislative map for the coming year includes enactment of laws regulating IBCs, technology institutes and university-affiliated hospitals as well as amending laws regulating private and \"Ahleya\" universities and public universities.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Among those laws, the International Branch Campus Law no. 162 of 2018 (\"IBC Law\") stands as the most significant given the novelty of the concept to Egypt and the significant potential investment its enactment will bring. The IBC Law distinguishes between three different entities: the Parent University, which is the university that will establish a branch, bearing its name, in Egypt, the Branch, which will be the IBC established in Egypt and the Educational Institution, which is the institution that will be established to host the Branch and run the administrative matters relating to the Branch.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">The Branch will be established by virtue of a presidential decree. The Branch will be able to benefit from a wide array of benefits provided by Egyptian laws, including the new investment law, (Law.72 of 2017) which provides for tax benefits. The Branch will be required to:</p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n 	<li>abide by all Egyptian laws and regulations;</li>\r\n 	<li>submit a list of all Non-Egyptian nominees for senior management and academic staff positions to the Ministry of Higher Education, prior to the execution of their appointment, for approval;</li>\r\n 	<li>have at least fifty (50) percent of its student body formed by Egyptian nationals;</li>\r\n 	<li>provide its students with the same academic material used at the Parent University;</li>\r\n 	<li>award the same degree as the Parent University;</li>\r\n 	<li>allocate a number of scholarships and grants to its students and academic staff to enable them to study and attend training sessions at the Parent University; and</li>\r\n 	<li>present to the Ministry of Higher Education a five-year vision and expansion plan.</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h3 dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Conclusion</h3>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Though the Egyptian education sector has many challenges ahead, it also possesses many opportunities for positive reform to be created by private investments. Private schools and universities are becoming increasingly necessary while the government’s vision for education will also create many business opportunities for education-centric businesses. This includes supplying public schools with modern facilities, training teachers and creating new curricula. Many foreign investors are recognizing the potential in the education market and investing heavily in Egypt, while local investors are doubling-down on their investments in education by constantly expanding their schools and universities.</p>\r\n\r\n<em>Al Tamimi &amp; Company’s <a href=\"https://www.tamimi.com/practice/corporate-structuring/\">Corporate Structuring</a> and <a href=\"https://www.tamimi.com/practice/corporate-mergers-acquisitions/\">Corporate Commercial</a> team regularly advise on education transactions and re-structuring. For further information please contact <a href=\"https://www.tamimi.com/lawyer/ayman-nour/\">Ayman Nour</a> (<a href=\"mailto:A.nour@tamimi.com\">A.nour@tamimi.com</a>) or Mohamed Gabr (<a href=\"mailto:M.Gabr@tamimi.com\">M.Gabr@tamimi.com</a>).</em>|<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\"><img class=\"alignright size-full wp-image-8254\" src=\"https://www.tamimi.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/August-Edition-DPS_Page_27_Image_0005.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"518\" height=\"278\" />Egypt has faced many challenges in recent years, the most serious of which has been the economic strain that years of political instability have brought on productivity and economic security. Additionally, Egypt has also been facing several chronic problems that have gradually worsened over the years including in the health and education sectors. However, in the last four years, private and public investment in education has increased significantly.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Most recently, EFG-Hermes acquired a group of schools in an EGP 1 billion transaction from the Talaat Mostafa Group. The schools will be managed by the UAE-based education company, GEMS. The partnership between GEMS and EFG-Hermes plans to invest up to USD 300 million on school acquisitions in the coming years. There have also been serious efforts to modernize the education sector from elementary schools to universities. Vision 2030 for education in Egypt along with the Minister of Education’s efforts to overhaul the current system are ambitious and promising.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">The purpose of this article is to highlight further opportunities in the Egyptian Education Sector as well as some key challenges and related legislative developments.</p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h3 dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\"></h3>\r\n<h3 dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Constitutional Background</h3>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Education has always been a right enshrined in the Egyptian Constitution but its most recent iteration in Article 19 of the 2014 Constitution is one that offers more legal guarantees promising to raise the level of education and ensure free education to all, while spending no less than 4% of the government’s budget on education. This is certainly a challenging goal to achieve especially when considering the education sector’s longstanding problems.</p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h3 dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Challenges to the Education Sector</h3>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\"><em>Overpopulation and lack of resources</em></p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">With a rising population of over 100 million people and limited resources, Egypt’s public education struggles a great deal, especially considering high poverty rates which preclude a majority of the population from seeking private education. The average number of students in a public classroom in Egypt is 45, while every year an additional 500,000-700,000 students enter schools. This is partially due to an infrastructure problem that impedes the creation of sufficient capacity. Even though there are 55,000 schools across the country, far more schools are still required to meet the challenges ahead. This problem is worsened when it comes to higher education, as only 31% of 18-22 year-olds are enrolled in a university.</p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\"><em>Lack of quality public education</em></p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">The natural result of overcrowded schools and underfunded education is a dramatic reduction in quality. Egypt is ranked 141st in terms of quality of basic education and only has one university ranked among the best universities worldwide. However, this problem is further exacerbated by a lack of qualified and well-educated teachers, due to a lack of training and meagre wages. The lack of quality higher education creates a gap between the requirements of the job market and the skills and knowledge obtained by graduates. This is exemplified by the fact that 35% of graduates of higher education institutes are unemployed.</p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\"><em>Vision for the Future and New Developments</em></p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Egypt has given a prominent position to education in its national strategy, to be achieved by 2030. By introducing radical changes to both basic and higher education, the Egyptian government is aiming to developing a new generation of competent Egyptians that are capable of competing on the global stage.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">In terms of basic education, the Government is seeking to develop existing schools, introduce a set of new schools established on a model inspired by the Japanese education system and restructuring the technical schools to turn them into technology-focused schools that provide modern and up to date education.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">As for higher education, the strategy is based on three pillars: i) International Branch Campuses (IBCs), ii) \"Ahleya\" Universities, which are non-profit and non-governmental universities and iii) technology institutes.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">In relation to IBCs, 220 acres in the new administrative capital have already been allocated to IBCs and a number of universities from Austria, Canada, Hungary, Sweden, UK and USA have been granted approval to setup IBCs with many of them targeting to commence operations in the academic year 2018-2019.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Moreover, the Government is working on establishing research centres specialising in biotechnology, renewable energy, AI and genetics and thirty-two \"Ahleya\" universities by 2030. It is also planning on working with its international partners to improve the ranking of public Egyptian universities.</p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\"><em><img class=\" wp-image-8255 alignleft\" src=\"https://www.tamimi.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/August-Edition-DPS_Page_28_Image_0001.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"590\" height=\"359\" />Legislative Developments</em></p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">On the legislative side, the legislative map for the coming year includes enactment of laws regulating IBCs, technology institutes and university-affiliated hospitals as well as amending laws regulating private and \"Ahleya\" universities and public universities.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Among those laws, the International Branch Campus Law no. 162 of 2018 (\"IBC Law\") stands as the most significant given the novelty of the concept to Egypt and the significant potential investment its enactment will bring. The IBC Law distinguishes between three different entities: the Parent University, which is the university that will establish a branch, bearing its name, in Egypt, the Branch, which will be the IBC established in Egypt and the Educational Institution, which is the institution that will be established to host the Branch and run the administrative matters relating to the Branch.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">The Branch will be established by virtue of a presidential decree. The Branch will be able to benefit from a wide array of benefits provided by Egyptian laws, including the new investment law, (Law.72 of 2017) which provides for tax benefits. The Branch will be required to:</p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n 	<li>abide by all Egyptian laws and regulations;</li>\r\n 	<li>submit a list of all Non-Egyptian nominees for senior management and academic staff positions to the Ministry of Higher Education, prior to the execution of their appointment, for approval;</li>\r\n 	<li>have at least fifty (50) percent of its student body formed by Egyptian nationals;</li>\r\n 	<li>provide its students with the same academic material used at the Parent University;</li>\r\n 	<li>award the same degree as the Parent University;</li>\r\n 	<li>allocate a number of scholarships and grants to its students and academic staff to enable them to study and attend training sessions at the Parent University; and</li>\r\n 	<li>present to the Ministry of Higher Education a five-year vision and expansion plan.</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h3 dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Conclusion</h3>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Though the Egyptian education sector has many challenges ahead, it also possesses many opportunities for positive reform to be created by private investments. Private schools and universities are becoming increasingly necessary while the government’s vision for education will also create many business opportunities for education-centric businesses. This includes supplying public schools with modern facilities, training teachers and creating new curricula. Many foreign investors are recognizing the potential in the education market and investing heavily in Egypt, while local investors are doubling-down on their investments in education by constantly expanding their schools and universities.</p>\r\n<em>Al Tamimi &amp; Company’s <a href=\"https://www.tamimi.com/practice/corporate-structuring/\">Corporate Structuring</a> and <a href=\"https://www.tamimi.com/practice/corporate-mergers-acquisitions/\">Corporate Commercial</a> team regularly advise on education transactions and re-structuring. For further information please contact <a href=\"https://www.tamimi.com/lawyer/ayman-nour/\">Ayman Nour</a> (<a href=\"mailto:A.nour@tamimi.com\">A.nour@tamimi.com</a>) or Mohamed Gabr (<a href=\"mailto:M.Gabr@tamimi.com\">M.Gabr@tamimi.com</a>).</em>'),
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(307402, 29337, 'PostDate', '2018-09-04 07:36:02'),
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(307409, 29337, 'SessionID', '3eea04a09d4e3cdd1fe6c70377c574db138b0e23ebe7b0dd06abdc4b42051811'),
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(307411, 29338, 'PostTitle', 'The Egyptian Education Sector: Challenges and Opportunities'),
(307412, 29338, 'PostStatus', 'publish'),
(307413, 29338, 'PostType', 'law_update_articles'),
(307414, 29338, 'PostDate', '2018-09-04 07:36:02'),
(307415, 29338, 'PostUrl', 'https://www.tamimi.com/law-update-articles/the-egyptian-education-sector-challenges-and-opportunities/'),
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(307418, 29338, 'MetaValueNew', '<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\"><img class=\"alignright size-full wp-image-8254\" src=\"https://www.tamimi.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/August-Edition-DPS_Page_27_Image_0005.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"518\" height=\"278\" />Egypt has faced many challenges in recent years, the most serious of which has been the economic strain that years of political instability have brought on productivity and economic security. Additionally, Egypt has also been facing several chronic problems that have gradually worsened over the years including in the health and education sectors. However, in the last four years, private and public investment in education has increased significantly.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Most recently, EFG-Hermes acquired a group of schools in an EGP 1 billion transaction from the Talaat Mostafa Group. The schools will be managed by the UAE-based education company, GEMS. The partnership between GEMS and EFG-Hermes plans to invest up to USD 300 million on school acquisitions in the coming years. There have also been serious efforts to modernize the education sector from elementary schools to universities. Vision 2030 for education in Egypt along with the Minister of Education’s efforts to overhaul the current system are ambitious and promising.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">The purpose of this article is to highlight further opportunities in the Egyptian Education Sector as well as some key challenges and related legislative developments.</p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h3 dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\"></h3>\r\n<h3 dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Constitutional Background</h3>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Education has always been a right enshrined in the Egyptian Constitution but its most recent iteration in Article 19 of the 2014 Constitution is one that offers more legal guarantees promising to raise the level of education and ensure free education to all, while spending no less than 4% of the government’s budget on education. This is certainly a challenging goal to achieve especially when considering the education sector’s longstanding problems.</p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h3 dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Challenges to the Education Sector</h3>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\"><em>Overpopulation and lack of resources</em></p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">With a rising population of over 100 million people and limited resources, Egypt’s public education struggles a great deal, especially considering high poverty rates which preclude a majority of the population from seeking private education. The average number of students in a public classroom in Egypt is 45, while every year an additional 500,000-700,000 students enter schools. This is partially due to an infrastructure problem that impedes the creation of sufficient capacity. Even though there are 55,000 schools across the country, far more schools are still required to meet the challenges ahead. This problem is worsened when it comes to higher education, as only 31% of 18-22 year-olds are enrolled in a university.</p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\"><em>Lack of quality public education</em></p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">The natural result of overcrowded schools and underfunded education is a dramatic reduction in quality. Egypt is ranked 141st in terms of quality of basic education and only has one university ranked among the best universities worldwide. However, this problem is further exacerbated by a lack of qualified and well-educated teachers, due to a lack of training and meagre wages. The lack of quality higher education creates a gap between the requirements of the job market and the skills and knowledge obtained by graduates. This is exemplified by the fact that 35% of graduates of higher education institutes are unemployed.</p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\"><em>Vision for the Future and New Developments</em></p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Egypt has given a prominent position to education in its national strategy, to be achieved by 2030. By introducing radical changes to both basic and higher education, the Egyptian government is aiming to developing a new generation of competent Egyptians that are capable of competing on the global stage.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">In terms of basic education, the Government is seeking to develop existing schools, introduce a set of new schools established on a model inspired by the Japanese education system and restructuring the technical schools to turn them into technology-focused schools that provide modern and up to date education.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">As for higher education, the strategy is based on three pillars: i) International Branch Campuses (IBCs), ii) \"Ahleya\" Universities, which are non-profit and non-governmental universities and iii) technology institutes.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">In relation to IBCs, 220 acres in the new administrative capital have already been allocated to IBCs and a number of universities from Austria, Canada, Hungary, Sweden, UK and USA have been granted approval to setup IBCs with many of them targeting to commence operations in the academic year 2018-2019.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Moreover, the Government is working on establishing research centres specialising in biotechnology, renewable energy, AI and genetics and thirty-two \"Ahleya\" universities by 2030. It is also planning on working with its international partners to improve the ranking of public Egyptian universities.</p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\"><em><img class=\"wp-image-8255 alignright\" src=\"https://www.tamimi.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/August-Edition-DPS_Page_28_Image_0001.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"590\" height=\"359\" />Legislative Developments</em></p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">On the legislative side, the legislative map for the coming year includes enactment of laws regulating IBCs, technology institutes and university-affiliated hospitals as well as amending laws regulating private and \"Ahleya\" universities and public universities.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Among those laws, the International Branch Campus Law no. 162 of 2018 (\"IBC Law\") stands as the most significant given the novelty of the concept to Egypt and the significant potential investment its enactment will bring. The IBC Law distinguishes between three different entities: the Parent University, which is the university that will establish a branch, bearing its name, in Egypt, the Branch, which will be the IBC established in Egypt and the Educational Institution, which is the institution that will be established to host the Branch and run the administrative matters relating to the Branch.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">The Branch will be established by virtue of a presidential decree. The Branch will be able to benefit from a wide array of benefits provided by Egyptian laws, including the new investment law, (Law.72 of 2017) which provides for tax benefits. The Branch will be required to:</p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n 	<li>abide by all Egyptian laws and regulations;</li>\r\n 	<li>submit a list of all Non-Egyptian nominees for senior management and academic staff positions to the Ministry of Higher Education, prior to the execution of their appointment, for approval;</li>\r\n 	<li>have at least fifty (50) percent of its student body formed by Egyptian nationals;</li>\r\n 	<li>provide its students with the same academic material used at the Parent University;</li>\r\n 	<li>award the same degree as the Parent University;</li>\r\n 	<li>allocate a number of scholarships and grants to its students and academic staff to enable them to study and attend training sessions at the Parent University; and</li>\r\n 	<li>present to the Ministry of Higher Education a five-year vision and expansion plan.</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h3 dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Conclusion</h3>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Though the Egyptian education sector has many challenges ahead, it also possesses many opportunities for positive reform to be created by private investments. Private schools and universities are becoming increasingly necessary while the government’s vision for education will also create many business opportunities for education-centric businesses. This includes supplying public schools with modern facilities, training teachers and creating new curricula. Many foreign investors are recognizing the potential in the education market and investing heavily in Egypt, while local investors are doubling-down on their investments in education by constantly expanding their schools and universities.</p>\r\n<em>Al Tamimi &amp; Company’s <a href=\"https://www.tamimi.com/practice/corporate-structuring/\">Corporate Structuring</a> and <a href=\"https://www.tamimi.com/practice/corporate-mergers-acquisitions/\">Corporate Commercial</a> team regularly advise on education transactions and re-structuring. For further information please contact <a href=\"https://www.tamimi.com/lawyer/ayman-nour/\">Ayman Nour</a> (<a href=\"mailto:A.nour@tamimi.com\">A.nour@tamimi.com</a>) or Mohamed Gabr (<a href=\"mailto:M.Gabr@tamimi.com\">M.Gabr@tamimi.com</a>).</em>');
INSERT INTO `tm_wsal_metadata` (`id`, `occurrence_id`, `name`, `value`) VALUES
(307419, 29338, 'MetaValueOld', '<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\"><img class=\"alignright size-full wp-image-8254\" src=\"https://www.tamimi.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/August-Edition-DPS_Page_27_Image_0005.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"518\" height=\"278\" />Egypt has faced many challenges in recent years, the most serious of which has been the economic strain that years of political instability have brought on productivity and economic security. Additionally, Egypt has also been facing several chronic problems that have gradually worsened over the years including in the health and education sectors. However, in the last four years, private and public investment in education has increased significantly.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Most recently, EFG-Hermes acquired a group of schools in an EGP 1 billion transaction from the Talaat Mostafa Group. The schools will be managed by the UAE-based education company, GEMS. The partnership between GEMS and EFG-Hermes plans to invest up to USD 300 million on school acquisitions in the coming years. There have also been serious efforts to modernize the education sector from elementary schools to universities. Vision 2030 for education in Egypt along with the Minister of Education’s efforts to overhaul the current system are ambitious and promising.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">The purpose of this article is to highlight further opportunities in the Egyptian Education Sector as well as some key challenges and related legislative developments.</p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h3 dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\"></h3>\r\n<h3 dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Constitutional Background</h3>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Education has always been a right enshrined in the Egyptian Constitution but its most recent iteration in Article 19 of the 2014 Constitution is one that offers more legal guarantees promising to raise the level of education and ensure free education to all, while spending no less than 4% of the government’s budget on education. This is certainly a challenging goal to achieve especially when considering the education sector’s longstanding problems.</p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h3 dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Challenges to the Education Sector</h3>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\"><em>Overpopulation and lack of resources</em></p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">With a rising population of over 100 million people and limited resources, Egypt’s public education struggles a great deal, especially considering high poverty rates which preclude a majority of the population from seeking private education. The average number of students in a public classroom in Egypt is 45, while every year an additional 500,000-700,000 students enter schools. This is partially due to an infrastructure problem that impedes the creation of sufficient capacity. Even though there are 55,000 schools across the country, far more schools are still required to meet the challenges ahead. This problem is worsened when it comes to higher education, as only 31% of 18-22 year-olds are enrolled in a university.</p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\"><em>Lack of quality public education</em></p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">The natural result of overcrowded schools and underfunded education is a dramatic reduction in quality. Egypt is ranked 141st in terms of quality of basic education and only has one university ranked among the best universities worldwide. However, this problem is further exacerbated by a lack of qualified and well-educated teachers, due to a lack of training and meagre wages. The lack of quality higher education creates a gap between the requirements of the job market and the skills and knowledge obtained by graduates. This is exemplified by the fact that 35% of graduates of higher education institutes are unemployed.</p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\"><em>Vision for the Future and New Developments</em></p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Egypt has given a prominent position to education in its national strategy, to be achieved by 2030. By introducing radical changes to both basic and higher education, the Egyptian government is aiming to developing a new generation of competent Egyptians that are capable of competing on the global stage.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">In terms of basic education, the Government is seeking to develop existing schools, introduce a set of new schools established on a model inspired by the Japanese education system and restructuring the technical schools to turn them into technology-focused schools that provide modern and up to date education.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">As for higher education, the strategy is based on three pillars: i) International Branch Campuses (IBCs), ii) \"Ahleya\" Universities, which are non-profit and non-governmental universities and iii) technology institutes.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">In relation to IBCs, 220 acres in the new administrative capital have already been allocated to IBCs and a number of universities from Austria, Canada, Hungary, Sweden, UK and USA have been granted approval to setup IBCs with many of them targeting to commence operations in the academic year 2018-2019.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Moreover, the Government is working on establishing research centres specialising in biotechnology, renewable energy, AI and genetics and thirty-two \"Ahleya\" universities by 2030. It is also planning on working with its international partners to improve the ranking of public Egyptian universities.</p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\"><em><img class=\" wp-image-8255 alignleft\" src=\"https://www.tamimi.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/August-Edition-DPS_Page_28_Image_0001.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"590\" height=\"359\" />Legislative Developments</em></p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">On the legislative side, the legislative map for the coming year includes enactment of laws regulating IBCs, technology institutes and university-affiliated hospitals as well as amending laws regulating private and \"Ahleya\" universities and public universities.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Among those laws, the International Branch Campus Law no. 162 of 2018 (\"IBC Law\") stands as the most significant given the novelty of the concept to Egypt and the significant potential investment its enactment will bring. The IBC Law distinguishes between three different entities: the Parent University, which is the university that will establish a branch, bearing its name, in Egypt, the Branch, which will be the IBC established in Egypt and the Educational Institution, which is the institution that will be established to host the Branch and run the administrative matters relating to the Branch.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">The Branch will be established by virtue of a presidential decree. The Branch will be able to benefit from a wide array of benefits provided by Egyptian laws, including the new investment law, (Law.72 of 2017) which provides for tax benefits. The Branch will be required to:</p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n 	<li>abide by all Egyptian laws and regulations;</li>\r\n 	<li>submit a list of all Non-Egyptian nominees for senior management and academic staff positions to the Ministry of Higher Education, prior to the execution of their appointment, for approval;</li>\r\n 	<li>have at least fifty (50) percent of its student body formed by Egyptian nationals;</li>\r\n 	<li>provide its students with the same academic material used at the Parent University;</li>\r\n 	<li>award the same degree as the Parent University;</li>\r\n 	<li>allocate a number of scholarships and grants to its students and academic staff to enable them to study and attend training sessions at the Parent University; and</li>\r\n 	<li>present to the Ministry of Higher Education a five-year vision and expansion plan.</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h3 dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Conclusion</h3>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Though the Egyptian education sector has many challenges ahead, it also possesses many opportunities for positive reform to be created by private investments. Private schools and universities are becoming increasingly necessary while the government’s vision for education will also create many business opportunities for education-centric businesses. This includes supplying public schools with modern facilities, training teachers and creating new curricula. Many foreign investors are recognizing the potential in the education market and investing heavily in Egypt, while local investors are doubling-down on their investments in education by constantly expanding their schools and universities.</p>\r\n<em>Al Tamimi &amp; Company’s <a href=\"https://www.tamimi.com/practice/corporate-structuring/\">Corporate Structuring</a> and <a href=\"https://www.tamimi.com/practice/corporate-mergers-acquisitions/\">Corporate Commercial</a> team regularly advise on education transactions and re-structuring. For further information please contact <a href=\"https://www.tamimi.com/lawyer/ayman-nour/\">Ayman Nour</a> (<a href=\"mailto:A.nour@tamimi.com\">A.nour@tamimi.com</a>) or Mohamed Gabr (<a href=\"mailto:M.Gabr@tamimi.com\">M.Gabr@tamimi.com</a>).</em>'),
(307420, 29338, 'MetaLink', 'content'),
(307421, 29338, 'EditorLinkPost', 'https://www.tamimi.com/wp-admin/post.php?post=8202&amp;action=edit'),
(307422, 29338, 'ReportText', '<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\"><img class=\"alignright size-full wp-image-8254\" src=\"https://www.tamimi.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/August-Edition-DPS_Page_27_Image_0005.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"518\" height=\"278\" />Egypt has faced many challenges in recent years, the most serious of which has been the economic strain that years of political instability have brought on productivity and economic security. Additionally, Egypt has also been facing several chronic problems that have gradually worsened over the years including in the health and education sectors. However, in the last four years, private and public investment in education has increased significantly.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Most recently, EFG-Hermes acquired a group of schools in an EGP 1 billion transaction from the Talaat Mostafa Group. The schools will be managed by the UAE-based education company, GEMS. The partnership between GEMS and EFG-Hermes plans to invest up to USD 300 million on school acquisitions in the coming years. There have also been serious efforts to modernize the education sector from elementary schools to universities. Vision 2030 for education in Egypt along with the Minister of Education’s efforts to overhaul the current system are ambitious and promising.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">The purpose of this article is to highlight further opportunities in the Egyptian Education Sector as well as some key challenges and related legislative developments.</p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h3 dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\"></h3>\r\n<h3 dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Constitutional Background</h3>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Education has always been a right enshrined in the Egyptian Constitution but its most recent iteration in Article 19 of the 2014 Constitution is one that offers more legal guarantees promising to raise the level of education and ensure free education to all, while spending no less than 4% of the government’s budget on education. This is certainly a challenging goal to achieve especially when considering the education sector’s longstanding problems.</p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h3 dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Challenges to the Education Sector</h3>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\"><em>Overpopulation and lack of resources</em></p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">With a rising population of over 100 million people and limited resources, Egypt’s public education struggles a great deal, especially considering high poverty rates which preclude a majority of the population from seeking private education. The average number of students in a public classroom in Egypt is 45, while every year an additional 500,000-700,000 students enter schools. This is partially due to an infrastructure problem that impedes the creation of sufficient capacity. Even though there are 55,000 schools across the country, far more schools are still required to meet the challenges ahead. This problem is worsened when it comes to higher education, as only 31% of 18-22 year-olds are enrolled in a university.</p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\"><em>Lack of quality public education</em></p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">The natural result of overcrowded schools and underfunded education is a dramatic reduction in quality. Egypt is ranked 141st in terms of quality of basic education and only has one university ranked among the best universities worldwide. However, this problem is further exacerbated by a lack of qualified and well-educated teachers, due to a lack of training and meagre wages. The lack of quality higher education creates a gap between the requirements of the job market and the skills and knowledge obtained by graduates. This is exemplified by the fact that 35% of graduates of higher education institutes are unemployed.</p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\"><em>Vision for the Future and New Developments</em></p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Egypt has given a prominent position to education in its national strategy, to be achieved by 2030. By introducing radical changes to both basic and higher education, the Egyptian government is aiming to developing a new generation of competent Egyptians that are capable of competing on the global stage.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">In terms of basic education, the Government is seeking to develop existing schools, introduce a set of new schools established on a model inspired by the Japanese education system and restructuring the technical schools to turn them into technology-focused schools that provide modern and up to date education.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">As for higher education, the strategy is based on three pillars: i) International Branch Campuses (IBCs), ii) \"Ahleya\" Universities, which are non-profit and non-governmental universities and iii) technology institutes.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">In relation to IBCs, 220 acres in the new administrative capital have already been allocated to IBCs and a number of universities from Austria, Canada, Hungary, Sweden, UK and USA have been granted approval to setup IBCs with many of them targeting to commence operations in the academic year 2018-2019.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Moreover, the Government is working on establishing research centres specialising in biotechnology, renewable energy, AI and genetics and thirty-two \"Ahleya\" universities by 2030. It is also planning on working with its international partners to improve the ranking of public Egyptian universities.</p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\"><em><img class=\" wp-image-8255 alignleft\" src=\"https://www.tamimi.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/August-Edition-DPS_Page_28_Image_0001.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"590\" height=\"359\" />Legislative Developments</em></p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">On the legislative side, the legislative map for the coming year includes enactment of laws regulating IBCs, technology institutes and university-affiliated hospitals as well as amending laws regulating private and \"Ahleya\" universities and public universities.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Among those laws, the International Branch Campus Law no. 162 of 2018 (\"IBC Law\") stands as the most significant given the novelty of the concept to Egypt and the significant potential investment its enactment will bring. The IBC Law distinguishes between three different entities: the Parent University, which is the university that will establish a branch, bearing its name, in Egypt, the Branch, which will be the IBC established in Egypt and the Educational Institution, which is the institution that will be established to host the Branch and run the administrative matters relating to the Branch.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">The Branch will be established by virtue of a presidential decree. The Branch will be able to benefit from a wide array of benefits provided by Egyptian laws, including the new investment law, (Law.72 of 2017) which provides for tax benefits. The Branch will be required to:</p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n 	<li>abide by all Egyptian laws and regulations;</li>\r\n 	<li>submit a list of all Non-Egyptian nominees for senior management and academic staff positions to the Ministry of Higher Education, prior to the execution of their appointment, for approval;</li>\r\n 	<li>have at least fifty (50) percent of its student body formed by Egyptian nationals;</li>\r\n 	<li>provide its students with the same academic material used at the Parent University;</li>\r\n 	<li>award the same degree as the Parent University;</li>\r\n 	<li>allocate a number of scholarships and grants to its students and academic staff to enable them to study and attend training sessions at the Parent University; and</li>\r\n 	<li>present to the Ministry of Higher Education a five-year vision and expansion plan.</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h3 dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Conclusion</h3>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Though the Egyptian education sector has many challenges ahead, it also possesses many opportunities for positive reform to be created by private investments. Private schools and universities are becoming increasingly necessary while the government’s vision for education will also create many business opportunities for education-centric businesses. This includes supplying public schools with modern facilities, training teachers and creating new curricula. Many foreign investors are recognizing the potential in the education market and investing heavily in Egypt, while local investors are doubling-down on their investments in education by constantly expanding their schools and universities.</p>\r\n<em>Al Tamimi &amp; Company’s <a href=\"https://www.tamimi.com/practice/corporate-structuring/\">Corporate Structuring</a> and <a href=\"https://www.tamimi.com/practice/corporate-mergers-acquisitions/\">Corporate Commercial</a> team regularly advise on education transactions and re-structuring. For further information please contact <a href=\"https://www.tamimi.com/lawyer/ayman-nour/\">Ayman Nour</a> (<a href=\"mailto:A.nour@tamimi.com\">A.nour@tamimi.com</a>) or Mohamed Gabr (<a href=\"mailto:M.Gabr@tamimi.com\">M.Gabr@tamimi.com</a>).</em>|<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\"><img class=\"alignright size-full wp-image-8254\" src=\"https://www.tamimi.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/August-Edition-DPS_Page_27_Image_0005.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"518\" height=\"278\" />Egypt has faced many challenges in recent years, the most serious of which has been the economic strain that years of political instability have brought on productivity and economic security. Additionally, Egypt has also been facing several chronic problems that have gradually worsened over the years including in the health and education sectors. However, in the last four years, private and public investment in education has increased significantly.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Most recently, EFG-Hermes acquired a group of schools in an EGP 1 billion transaction from the Talaat Mostafa Group. The schools will be managed by the UAE-based education company, GEMS. The partnership between GEMS and EFG-Hermes plans to invest up to USD 300 million on school acquisitions in the coming years. There have also been serious efforts to modernize the education sector from elementary schools to universities. Vision 2030 for education in Egypt along with the Minister of Education’s efforts to overhaul the current system are ambitious and promising.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">The purpose of this article is to highlight further opportunities in the Egyptian Education Sector as well as some key challenges and related legislative developments.</p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h3 dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\"></h3>\r\n<h3 dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Constitutional Background</h3>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Education has always been a right enshrined in the Egyptian Constitution but its most recent iteration in Article 19 of the 2014 Constitution is one that offers more legal guarantees promising to raise the level of education and ensure free education to all, while spending no less than 4% of the government’s budget on education. This is certainly a challenging goal to achieve especially when considering the education sector’s longstanding problems.</p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h3 dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Challenges to the Education Sector</h3>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\"><em>Overpopulation and lack of resources</em></p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">With a rising population of over 100 million people and limited resources, Egypt’s public education struggles a great deal, especially considering high poverty rates which preclude a majority of the population from seeking private education. The average number of students in a public classroom in Egypt is 45, while every year an additional 500,000-700,000 students enter schools. This is partially due to an infrastructure problem that impedes the creation of sufficient capacity. Even though there are 55,000 schools across the country, far more schools are still required to meet the challenges ahead. This problem is worsened when it comes to higher education, as only 31% of 18-22 year-olds are enrolled in a university.</p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\"><em>Lack of quality public education</em></p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">The natural result of overcrowded schools and underfunded education is a dramatic reduction in quality. Egypt is ranked 141st in terms of quality of basic education and only has one university ranked among the best universities worldwide. However, this problem is further exacerbated by a lack of qualified and well-educated teachers, due to a lack of training and meagre wages. The lack of quality higher education creates a gap between the requirements of the job market and the skills and knowledge obtained by graduates. This is exemplified by the fact that 35% of graduates of higher education institutes are unemployed.</p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\"><em>Vision for the Future and New Developments</em></p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Egypt has given a prominent position to education in its national strategy, to be achieved by 2030. By introducing radical changes to both basic and higher education, the Egyptian government is aiming to developing a new generation of competent Egyptians that are capable of competing on the global stage.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">In terms of basic education, the Government is seeking to develop existing schools, introduce a set of new schools established on a model inspired by the Japanese education system and restructuring the technical schools to turn them into technology-focused schools that provide modern and up to date education.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">As for higher education, the strategy is based on three pillars: i) International Branch Campuses (IBCs), ii) \"Ahleya\" Universities, which are non-profit and non-governmental universities and iii) technology institutes.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">In relation to IBCs, 220 acres in the new administrative capital have already been allocated to IBCs and a number of universities from Austria, Canada, Hungary, Sweden, UK and USA have been granted approval to setup IBCs with many of them targeting to commence operations in the academic year 2018-2019.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Moreover, the Government is working on establishing research centres specialising in biotechnology, renewable energy, AI and genetics and thirty-two \"Ahleya\" universities by 2030. It is also planning on working with its international partners to improve the ranking of public Egyptian universities.</p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\"><em><img class=\"wp-image-8255 alignright\" src=\"https://www.tamimi.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/August-Edition-DPS_Page_28_Image_0001.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"590\" height=\"359\" />Legislative Developments</em></p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">On the legislative side, the legislative map for the coming year includes enactment of laws regulating IBCs, technology institutes and university-affiliated hospitals as well as amending laws regulating private and \"Ahleya\" universities and public universities.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Among those laws, the International Branch Campus Law no. 162 of 2018 (\"IBC Law\") stands as the most significant given the novelty of the concept to Egypt and the significant potential investment its enactment will bring. The IBC Law distinguishes between three different entities: the Parent University, which is the university that will establish a branch, bearing its name, in Egypt, the Branch, which will be the IBC established in Egypt and the Educational Institution, which is the institution that will be established to host the Branch and run the administrative matters relating to the Branch.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">The Branch will be established by virtue of a presidential decree. The Branch will be able to benefit from a wide array of benefits provided by Egyptian laws, including the new investment law, (Law.72 of 2017) which provides for tax benefits. The Branch will be required to:</p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n 	<li>abide by all Egyptian laws and regulations;</li>\r\n 	<li>submit a list of all Non-Egyptian nominees for senior management and academic staff positions to the Ministry of Higher Education, prior to the execution of their appointment, for approval;</li>\r\n 	<li>have at least fifty (50) percent of its student body formed by Egyptian nationals;</li>\r\n 	<li>provide its students with the same academic material used at the Parent University;</li>\r\n 	<li>award the same degree as the Parent University;</li>\r\n 	<li>allocate a number of scholarships and grants to its students and academic staff to enable them to study and attend training sessions at the Parent University; and</li>\r\n 	<li>present to the Ministry of Higher Education a five-year vision and expansion plan.</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h3 dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Conclusion</h3>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Though the Egyptian education sector has many challenges ahead, it also possesses many opportunities for positive reform to be created by private investments. Private schools and universities are becoming increasingly necessary while the government’s vision for education will also create many business opportunities for education-centric businesses. This includes supplying public schools with modern facilities, training teachers and creating new curricula. Many foreign investors are recognizing the potential in the education market and investing heavily in Egypt, while local investors are doubling-down on their investments in education by constantly expanding their schools and universities.</p>\r\n<em>Al Tamimi &amp; Company’s <a href=\"https://www.tamimi.com/practice/corporate-structuring/\">Corporate Structuring</a> and <a href=\"https://www.tamimi.com/practice/corporate-mergers-acquisitions/\">Corporate Commercial</a> team regularly advise on education transactions and re-structuring. For further information please contact <a href=\"https://www.tamimi.com/lawyer/ayman-nour/\">Ayman Nour</a> (<a href=\"mailto:A.nour@tamimi.com\">A.nour@tamimi.com</a>) or Mohamed Gabr (<a href=\"mailto:M.Gabr@tamimi.com\">M.Gabr@tamimi.com</a>).</em>'),
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(307496, 29344, 'MetaValueNew', '<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">In a world in which persons and assets can easily be moved across borders, the concept of the recognition and enforcement of foreign judgments is necessary to make it stricter for losing defendants to avoid liability.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">That being the case, in 1952, Jordan issued the Enforcement of Foreign Judgments Law No. (8) of 1952 (\"Enforcement of Foreign Judgments Law\") under which any judgment given by a court outside of Jordan (including religious courts) in civil proceedings, which orders the payment of a sum of money or passes judgment in respect of moveable property located in Jordan, including awards in arbitral proceedings, may be enforced against a judgment debtor that resides, or has assets, in Jordan.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">The process for recognizing and enforcing foreign judgments around the world is generally uniform. Similar to various definitions in other legal systems, Article (2) of the Enforcement of Foreign Judgments Law defines a \"foreign judgment\" as:</p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\"><em>\"every judgment given by a court outside the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan (including religious courts) in civil proceedings and ordering the payment of a sum of money or giving judgment in respect of moveable property or for the settlement of an account, including awards in arbitral proceedings should such awards be deemed enforceable as a court decision under the laws of the country in which it was issued.\"</em></p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h3 dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\"><img class=\"alignright size-full wp-image-8257\" src=\"https://www.tamimi.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/August-Edition-DPS_Page_30_Image_0001.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"405\" height=\"985\" />Overview of Enforcement Procedures</h3>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Foreign judgments may be enforced in Jordan through an application to be submitted before the competent court; the Court of First Instance (\"Competent Court\") which is not required to re-examine of the merits of the foreign decision.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">In summary of the articles of the Enforcement of Foreign Judgments Law, the Competent Court will enforce a foreign judgment if the judgment is final (i.e. not subject to appeal) between the parties; the court that granted the judgment was competent and had jurisdiction over the parties; regular proceedings were followed that allowed the losing party a chance to be heard; no fraud was worked upon the foreign tribunal court; and enforcement will not violate the public policy of the enforcing state.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Although the concept of enforcement of foreign judgments has been used and adopted to avoid resources spent on re-litigation and to harmonize international court decisions and judgments, the Competent Court, by virtue of Article (7) of the Enforcement of Foreign Judgments Law, is afforded discretion to deny foreign judgments if the foreign procedure may be viewed as deficient, or the outcome of the foreign litigation is considered objectionable. By virtue of such reasons, the application of enforcing the foreign award must be disapproved by the Competent Court, sua sponte. These reasons are:</p>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n 	<li dir=\"LTR\">If the tribunal that issued the foreign judgment lacked jurisdiction;</li>\r\n 	<li dir=\"LTR\">If the judgment debtor had not carried his/her business within the jurisdiction of the tribunal that issued the foreign judgment or if he/she was not residing within its jurisdiction and did not voluntarily appear before it and did not submit to its jurisdiction;</li>\r\n 	<li dir=\"LTR\">If the judgment debtor was not served with a notice to attend by the tribunal that issued the foreign judgment and did not appear before the court although he was residing or carrying his/her business within its jurisdiction;</li>\r\n 	<li dir=\"LTR\">If the foreign judgment has been obtained by means fraud;</li>\r\n 	<li dir=\"LTR\">If the judgment debtor established to the satisfaction of the Jordanian courts that the foreign judgment has not yet become final (and conclusive);</li>\r\n 	<li dir=\"LTR\">If the foreign judgment was issued in a cause of action that will not be entertained by Jordanian courts because it is either contradictory to public order or to public morality; or</li>\r\n 	<li dir=\"LTR\">If the foreign judgment was issued by a court that does not allow the enforcement of judgments issued by Jordanian courts.</li>\r\n</ol>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h2 dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\"></h2>\r\n<h2 dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">\"Any judgment given by a court outside of Jordan … may be enforced against a judgment debtor that resides in Jordan…\"</h2>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h3 dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Attachment</h3>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Subject to Jordanian law, a foreign judgment may be used by the judgment creditor to collect damages. The applicable laws allow for creation of broad range of security interests over a wide range of assets; the legal framework recognizes both possessory and non-possessory pledges and attachments over movable assets and rights in addition to the ability to place a lien over real-estate and properties, garnishing the judgment debtor’s salary, or attaching the judgment debtor’s personal property.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Similar to other counties, the Jordanian legal system entitles the judgment debtor to seize property to ensure satisfaction of a judgment. Article (141) of the Civil Procedures Law No. (24) of the year 1988 as amended (\"Civil Procedures Law\") allows for the judgment creditor to request the provisional attachment of assets belonging to the judgment debtor based on the foreign judgment, as it states:</p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\"><em>\"1- A creditor may apply to the judge of urgent matters or the court based on what it has in the form of evidence and documentation or based on a foreign judgment or arbitral award for the provisional attachment, whether before filing a claim, at the time of filing, or while it is being reviewed, of the debtor’s moveable and immovable assets and assets in the possession of third parties until a judgment is issued in the claim..\"</em></p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Such request is conditional upon the judgment creditor providing monetary insurance legal guarantee, or bank guarantee by a capacitated guarantor the amount and type of which is determined by the Court or the Judge of Urgent Matters. Such insurance or guarantee is for the purposes of guaranteeing any harm or damage that may be incurred by the judgment debtor should it be proven that the judgment creditor is not entitled to enforce its foreign judgment.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">The decision regarding the application for the provisional attachment is done ex parte, whereby the judgment creditor files said application along with its supporting evidence with the Judge of Urgent Matters.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Of course, not every kind of property owned by the judgment debtor is subject to attachment. The Civil Procedures Law provides for exemptions for certain household items, clothing, tools, and other essentials. Additionally, and although the judgment debtor’s salary may be subject to attachment, but a certain amount is exempt in order to allow for personal support or for family support.</p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h3 dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Execution</h3>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Once recognized, a foreign judgment gets enforced in Jordan in the same manner as any other judgment. For example, enforcement can be effected through seizure and sale of real or personal property, garnishment of debts payable to the judgment debtor and, in certain cases, an order for the appointment of an equitable receiver.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Subject to the Execution Law No. (25) of 2007, once a final and conclusive decision is issued by the Competent Court regarding the application of enforcing a foreign judgment, such decision can then be executed against the judgment debtor via the Execution Department.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Under the Jordanian enforcement system, each court has its own enforcement department that is located in each city’s Court of First Instance. This department is solely responsible for the enforcement of decisions that have been issued in its jurisdiction.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">At this stage, the provisional attachment (if any) may be converted into an executory attachment (following the submission of an application to the Execution Department for such conversion) and the judgment debtor’s assets are transferred upon the court’s instructions to the judgment creditor. Principles of agency or alter ego would not be applied to permit enforcement against a third party who is not a judgment debtor. A judgment creditor who seeks to impose liability on a third party under principles such as agency or alter ego is required to do so before the foreign tribunal prior to the conclusive issuance of the foreign judgment and to the issuance of the decision of such enforcement by the Competent Court. After a judgment has been issued, the Competent Court has no power to amend or vary the foreign judgment.</p>\r\nIn conclusion and in light of the above, it may be observed that in spite of a number of grounds the Competent Court has to refuse the enforcement of a foreign judgment, the process appears reasonable. And although arbitration is generally more favoured in cross-border transactions, especially with the adoption of New York Convention on the Recognition and the Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards by almost 160 countries, the concept of enforcing foreign judgments still gives rise to international litigation proving that its awards, similar to arbitral awards, can similarly be enforced in Jordan.');
INSERT INTO `tm_wsal_metadata` (`id`, `occurrence_id`, `name`, `value`) VALUES
(307497, 29344, 'MetaValueOld', '<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">In a world in which persons and assets can easily be moved across borders, the concept of the recognition and enforcement of foreign judgments is necessary to make it stricter for losing defendants to avoid liability.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">That being the case, in 1952, Jordan issued the Enforcement of Foreign Judgments Law No. (8) of 1952 (\"Enforcement of Foreign Judgments Law\") under which any judgment given by a court outside of Jordan (including religious courts) in civil proceedings, which orders the payment of a sum of money or passes judgment in respect of moveable property located in Jordan, including awards in arbitral proceedings, may be enforced against a judgment debtor that resides, or has assets, in Jordan.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">The process for recognizing and enforcing foreign judgments around the world is generally uniform. Similar to various definitions in other legal systems, Article (2) of the Enforcement of Foreign Judgments Law defines a \"foreign judgment\" as:</p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\"><em>\"every judgment given by a court outside the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan (including religious courts) in civil proceedings and ordering the payment of a sum of money or giving judgment in respect of moveable property or for the settlement of an account, including awards in arbitral proceedings should such awards be deemed enforceable as a court decision under the laws of the country in which it was issued.\"</em></p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h3 dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Overview of Enforcement Procedures</h3>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Foreign judgments may be enforced in Jordan through an application to be submitted before the competent court; the Court of First Instance (\"Competent Court\") which is not required to re-examine of the merits of the foreign decision.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">In summary of the articles of the Enforcement of Foreign Judgments Law, the Competent Court will enforce a foreign judgment if the judgment is final (i.e. not subject to appeal) between the parties; the court that granted the judgment was competent and had jurisdiction over the parties; regular proceedings were followed that allowed the losing party a chance to be heard; no fraud was worked upon the foreign tribunal court; and enforcement will not violate the public policy of the enforcing state.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Although the concept of enforcement of foreign judgments has been used and adopted to avoid resources spent on re-litigation and to harmonize international court decisions and judgments, the Competent Court, by virtue of Article (7) of the Enforcement of Foreign Judgments Law, is afforded discretion to deny foreign judgments if the foreign procedure may be viewed as deficient, or the outcome of the foreign litigation is considered objectionable. By virtue of such reasons, the application of enforcing the foreign award must be disapproved by the Competent Court, sua sponte. These reasons are:</p>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n 	<li dir=\"LTR\">If the tribunal that issued the foreign judgment lacked jurisdiction;</li>\r\n 	<li dir=\"LTR\">If the judgment debtor had not carried his/her business within the jurisdiction of the tribunal that issued the foreign judgment or if he/she was not residing within its jurisdiction and did not voluntarily appear before it and did not submit to its jurisdiction;</li>\r\n 	<li dir=\"LTR\">If the judgment debtor was not served with a notice to attend by the tribunal that issued the foreign judgment and did not appear before the court although he was residing or carrying his/her business within its jurisdiction;</li>\r\n 	<li dir=\"LTR\">If the foreign judgment has been obtained by means fraud;</li>\r\n 	<li dir=\"LTR\">If the judgment debtor established to the satisfaction of the Jordanian courts that the foreign judgment has not yet become final (and conclusive);</li>\r\n 	<li dir=\"LTR\">If the foreign judgment was issued in a cause of action that will not be entertained by Jordanian courts because it is either contradictory to public order or to public morality; or</li>\r\n 	<li dir=\"LTR\">If the foreign judgment was issued by a court that does not allow the enforcement of judgments issued by Jordanian courts.</li>\r\n</ol>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h2 dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\"></h2>\r\n<h2 dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">\"Any judgment given by a court outside of Jordan … may be enforced against a judgment debtor that resides in Jordan…\"</h2>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h3 dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Attachment</h3>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Subject to Jordanian law, a foreign judgment may be used by the judgment creditor to collect damages. The applicable laws allow for creation of broad range of security interests over a wide range of assets; the legal framework recognizes both possessory and non-possessory pledges and attachments over movable assets and rights in addition to the ability to place a lien over real-estate and properties, garnishing the judgment debtor’s salary, or attaching the judgment debtor’s personal property.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Similar to other counties, the Jordanian legal system entitles the judgment debtor to seize property to ensure satisfaction of a judgment. Article (141) of the Civil Procedures Law No. (24) of the year 1988 as amended (\"Civil Procedures Law\") allows for the judgment creditor to request the provisional attachment of assets belonging to the judgment debtor based on the foreign judgment, as it states:</p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\"><em>\"1- A creditor may apply to the judge of urgent matters or the court based on what it has in the form of evidence and documentation or based on a foreign judgment or arbitral award for the provisional attachment, whether before filing a claim, at the time of filing, or while it is being reviewed, of the debtor’s moveable and immovable assets and assets in the possession of third parties until a judgment is issued in the claim..\"</em></p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Such request is conditional upon the judgment creditor providing monetary insurance legal guarantee, or bank guarantee by a capacitated guarantor the amount and type of which is determined by the Court or the Judge of Urgent Matters. Such insurance or guarantee is for the purposes of guaranteeing any harm or damage that may be incurred by the judgment debtor should it be proven that the judgment creditor is not entitled to enforce its foreign judgment.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">The decision regarding the application for the provisional attachment is done ex parte, whereby the judgment creditor files said application along with its supporting evidence with the Judge of Urgent Matters.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Of course, not every kind of property owned by the judgment debtor is subject to attachment. The Civil Procedures Law provides for exemptions for certain household items, clothing, tools, and other essentials. Additionally, and although the judgment debtor’s salary may be subject to attachment, but a certain amount is exempt in order to allow for personal support or for family support.</p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h3 dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Execution</h3>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Once recognized, a foreign judgment gets enforced in Jordan in the same manner as any other judgment. For example, enforcement can be effected through seizure and sale of real or personal property, garnishment of debts payable to the judgment debtor and, in certain cases, an order for the appointment of an equitable receiver.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Subject to the Execution Law No. (25) of 2007, once a final and conclusive decision is issued by the Competent Court regarding the application of enforcing a foreign judgment, such decision can then be executed against the judgment debtor via the Execution Department.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Under the Jordanian enforcement system, each court has its own enforcement department that is located in each city’s Court of First Instance. This department is solely responsible for the enforcement of decisions that have been issued in its jurisdiction.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">At this stage, the provisional attachment (if any) may be converted into an executory attachment (following the submission of an application to the Execution Department for such conversion) and the judgment debtor’s assets are transferred upon the court’s instructions to the judgment creditor. Principles of agency or alter ego would not be applied to permit enforcement against a third party who is not a judgment debtor. A judgment creditor who seeks to impose liability on a third party under principles such as agency or alter ego is required to do so before the foreign tribunal prior to the conclusive issuance of the foreign judgment and to the issuance of the decision of such enforcement by the Competent Court. After a judgment has been issued, the Competent Court has no power to amend or vary the foreign judgment.</p>\r\nIn conclusion and in light of the above, it may be observed that in spite of a number of grounds the Competent Court has to refuse the enforcement of a foreign judgment, the process appears reasonable. And although arbitration is generally more favoured in cross-border transactions, especially with the adoption of New York Convention on the Recognition and the Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards by almost 160 countries, the concept of enforcing foreign judgments still gives rise to international litigation proving that its awards, similar to arbitral awards, can similarly be enforced in Jordan.'),
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(307500, 29344, 'ReportText', '<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">In a world in which persons and assets can easily be moved across borders, the concept of the recognition and enforcement of foreign judgments is necessary to make it stricter for losing defendants to avoid liability.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">That being the case, in 1952, Jordan issued the Enforcement of Foreign Judgments Law No. (8) of 1952 (\"Enforcement of Foreign Judgments Law\") under which any judgment given by a court outside of Jordan (including religious courts) in civil proceedings, which orders the payment of a sum of money or passes judgment in respect of moveable property located in Jordan, including awards in arbitral proceedings, may be enforced against a judgment debtor that resides, or has assets, in Jordan.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">The process for recognizing and enforcing foreign judgments around the world is generally uniform. Similar to various definitions in other legal systems, Article (2) of the Enforcement of Foreign Judgments Law defines a \"foreign judgment\" as:</p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\"><em>\"every judgment given by a court outside the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan (including religious courts) in civil proceedings and ordering the payment of a sum of money or giving judgment in respect of moveable property or for the settlement of an account, including awards in arbitral proceedings should such awards be deemed enforceable as a court decision under the laws of the country in which it was issued.\"</em></p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h3 dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Overview of Enforcement Procedures</h3>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Foreign judgments may be enforced in Jordan through an application to be submitted before the competent court; the Court of First Instance (\"Competent Court\") which is not required to re-examine of the merits of the foreign decision.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">In summary of the articles of the Enforcement of Foreign Judgments Law, the Competent Court will enforce a foreign judgment if the judgment is final (i.e. not subject to appeal) between the parties; the court that granted the judgment was competent and had jurisdiction over the parties; regular proceedings were followed that allowed the losing party a chance to be heard; no fraud was worked upon the foreign tribunal court; and enforcement will not violate the public policy of the enforcing state.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Although the concept of enforcement of foreign judgments has been used and adopted to avoid resources spent on re-litigation and to harmonize international court decisions and judgments, the Competent Court, by virtue of Article (7) of the Enforcement of Foreign Judgments Law, is afforded discretion to deny foreign judgments if the foreign procedure may be viewed as deficient, or the outcome of the foreign litigation is considered objectionable. By virtue of such reasons, the application of enforcing the foreign award must be disapproved by the Competent Court, sua sponte. These reasons are:</p>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n 	<li dir=\"LTR\">If the tribunal that issued the foreign judgment lacked jurisdiction;</li>\r\n 	<li dir=\"LTR\">If the judgment debtor had not carried his/her business within the jurisdiction of the tribunal that issued the foreign judgment or if he/she was not residing within its jurisdiction and did not voluntarily appear before it and did not submit to its jurisdiction;</li>\r\n 	<li dir=\"LTR\">If the judgment debtor was not served with a notice to attend by the tribunal that issued the foreign judgment and did not appear before the court although he was residing or carrying his/her business within its jurisdiction;</li>\r\n 	<li dir=\"LTR\">If the foreign judgment has been obtained by means fraud;</li>\r\n 	<li dir=\"LTR\">If the judgment debtor established to the satisfaction of the Jordanian courts that the foreign judgment has not yet become final (and conclusive);</li>\r\n 	<li dir=\"LTR\">If the foreign judgment was issued in a cause of action that will not be entertained by Jordanian courts because it is either contradictory to public order or to public morality; or</li>\r\n 	<li dir=\"LTR\">If the foreign judgment was issued by a court that does not allow the enforcement of judgments issued by Jordanian courts.</li>\r\n</ol>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h2 dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\"></h2>\r\n<h2 dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">\"Any judgment given by a court outside of Jordan … may be enforced against a judgment debtor that resides in Jordan…\"</h2>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h3 dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Attachment</h3>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Subject to Jordanian law, a foreign judgment may be used by the judgment creditor to collect damages. The applicable laws allow for creation of broad range of security interests over a wide range of assets; the legal framework recognizes both possessory and non-possessory pledges and attachments over movable assets and rights in addition to the ability to place a lien over real-estate and properties, garnishing the judgment debtor’s salary, or attaching the judgment debtor’s personal property.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Similar to other counties, the Jordanian legal system entitles the judgment debtor to seize property to ensure satisfaction of a judgment. Article (141) of the Civil Procedures Law No. (24) of the year 1988 as amended (\"Civil Procedures Law\") allows for the judgment creditor to request the provisional attachment of assets belonging to the judgment debtor based on the foreign judgment, as it states:</p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\"><em>\"1- A creditor may apply to the judge of urgent matters or the court based on what it has in the form of evidence and documentation or based on a foreign judgment or arbitral award for the provisional attachment, whether before filing a claim, at the time of filing, or while it is being reviewed, of the debtor’s moveable and immovable assets and assets in the possession of third parties until a judgment is issued in the claim..\"</em></p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Such request is conditional upon the judgment creditor providing monetary insurance legal guarantee, or bank guarantee by a capacitated guarantor the amount and type of which is determined by the Court or the Judge of Urgent Matters. Such insurance or guarantee is for the purposes of guaranteeing any harm or damage that may be incurred by the judgment debtor should it be proven that the judgment creditor is not entitled to enforce its foreign judgment.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">The decision regarding the application for the provisional attachment is done ex parte, whereby the judgment creditor files said application along with its supporting evidence with the Judge of Urgent Matters.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Of course, not every kind of property owned by the judgment debtor is subject to attachment. The Civil Procedures Law provides for exemptions for certain household items, clothing, tools, and other essentials. Additionally, and although the judgment debtor’s salary may be subject to attachment, but a certain amount is exempt in order to allow for personal support or for family support.</p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h3 dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Execution</h3>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Once recognized, a foreign judgment gets enforced in Jordan in the same manner as any other judgment. For example, enforcement can be effected through seizure and sale of real or personal property, garnishment of debts payable to the judgment debtor and, in certain cases, an order for the appointment of an equitable receiver.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Subject to the Execution Law No. (25) of 2007, once a final and conclusive decision is issued by the Competent Court regarding the application of enforcing a foreign judgment, such decision can then be executed against the judgment debtor via the Execution Department.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Under the Jordanian enforcement system, each court has its own enforcement department that is located in each city’s Court of First Instance. This department is solely responsible for the enforcement of decisions that have been issued in its jurisdiction.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">At this stage, the provisional attachment (if any) may be converted into an executory attachment (following the submission of an application to the Execution Department for such conversion) and the judgment debtor’s assets are transferred upon the court’s instructions to the judgment creditor. Principles of agency or alter ego would not be applied to permit enforcement against a third party who is not a judgment debtor. A judgment creditor who seeks to impose liability on a third party under principles such as agency or alter ego is required to do so before the foreign tribunal prior to the conclusive issuance of the foreign judgment and to the issuance of the decision of such enforcement by the Competent Court. After a judgment has been issued, the Competent Court has no power to amend or vary the foreign judgment.</p>\r\nIn conclusion and in light of the above, it may be observed that in spite of a number of grounds the Competent Court has to refuse the enforcement of a foreign judgment, the process appears reasonable. And although arbitration is generally more favoured in cross-border transactions, especially with the adoption of New York Convention on the Recognition and the Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards by almost 160 countries, the concept of enforcing foreign judgments still gives rise to international litigation proving that its awards, similar to arbitral awards, can similarly be enforced in Jordan.|<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">In a world in which persons and assets can easily be moved across borders, the concept of the recognition and enforcement of foreign judgments is necessary to make it stricter for losing defendants to avoid liability.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">That being the case, in 1952, Jordan issued the Enforcement of Foreign Judgments Law No. (8) of 1952 (\"Enforcement of Foreign Judgments Law\") under which any judgment given by a court outside of Jordan (including religious courts) in civil proceedings, which orders the payment of a sum of money or passes judgment in respect of moveable property located in Jordan, including awards in arbitral proceedings, may be enforced against a judgment debtor that resides, or has assets, in Jordan.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">The process for recognizing and enforcing foreign judgments around the world is generally uniform. Similar to various definitions in other legal systems, Article (2) of the Enforcement of Foreign Judgments Law defines a \"foreign judgment\" as:</p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\"><em>\"every judgment given by a court outside the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan (including religious courts) in civil proceedings and ordering the payment of a sum of money or giving judgment in respect of moveable property or for the settlement of an account, including awards in arbitral proceedings should such awards be deemed enforceable as a court decision under the laws of the country in which it was issued.\"</em></p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h3 dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\"><img class=\"alignright size-full wp-image-8257\" src=\"https://www.tamimi.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/August-Edition-DPS_Page_30_Image_0001.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"405\" height=\"985\" />Overview of Enforcement Procedures</h3>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Foreign judgments may be enforced in Jordan through an application to be submitted before the competent court; the Court of First Instance (\"Competent Court\") which is not required to re-examine of the merits of the foreign decision.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">In summary of the articles of the Enforcement of Foreign Judgments Law, the Competent Court will enforce a foreign judgment if the judgment is final (i.e. not subject to appeal) between the parties; the court that granted the judgment was competent and had jurisdiction over the parties; regular proceedings were followed that allowed the losing party a chance to be heard; no fraud was worked upon the foreign tribunal court; and enforcement will not violate the public policy of the enforcing state.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Although the concept of enforcement of foreign judgments has been used and adopted to avoid resources spent on re-litigation and to harmonize international court decisions and judgments, the Competent Court, by virtue of Article (7) of the Enforcement of Foreign Judgments Law, is afforded discretion to deny foreign judgments if the foreign procedure may be viewed as deficient, or the outcome of the foreign litigation is considered objectionable. By virtue of such reasons, the application of enforcing the foreign award must be disapproved by the Competent Court, sua sponte. These reasons are:</p>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n 	<li dir=\"LTR\">If the tribunal that issued the foreign judgment lacked jurisdiction;</li>\r\n 	<li dir=\"LTR\">If the judgment debtor had not carried his/her business within the jurisdiction of the tribunal that issued the foreign judgment or if he/she was not residing within its jurisdiction and did not voluntarily appear before it and did not submit to its jurisdiction;</li>\r\n 	<li dir=\"LTR\">If the judgment debtor was not served with a notice to attend by the tribunal that issued the foreign judgment and did not appear before the court although he was residing or carrying his/her business within its jurisdiction;</li>\r\n 	<li dir=\"LTR\">If the foreign judgment has been obtained by means fraud;</li>\r\n 	<li dir=\"LTR\">If the judgment debtor established to the satisfaction of the Jordanian courts that the foreign judgment has not yet become final (and conclusive);</li>\r\n 	<li dir=\"LTR\">If the foreign judgment was issued in a cause of action that will not be entertained by Jordanian courts because it is either contradictory to public order or to public morality; or</li>\r\n 	<li dir=\"LTR\">If the foreign judgment was issued by a court that does not allow the enforcement of judgments issued by Jordanian courts.</li>\r\n</ol>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h2 dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\"></h2>\r\n<h2 dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">\"Any judgment given by a court outside of Jordan … may be enforced against a judgment debtor that resides in Jordan…\"</h2>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h3 dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Attachment</h3>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Subject to Jordanian law, a foreign judgment may be used by the judgment creditor to collect damages. The applicable laws allow for creation of broad range of security interests over a wide range of assets; the legal framework recognizes both possessory and non-possessory pledges and attachments over movable assets and rights in addition to the ability to place a lien over real-estate and properties, garnishing the judgment debtor’s salary, or attaching the judgment debtor’s personal property.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Similar to other counties, the Jordanian legal system entitles the judgment debtor to seize property to ensure satisfaction of a judgment. Article (141) of the Civil Procedures Law No. (24) of the year 1988 as amended (\"Civil Procedures Law\") allows for the judgment creditor to request the provisional attachment of assets belonging to the judgment debtor based on the foreign judgment, as it states:</p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\"><em>\"1- A creditor may apply to the judge of urgent matters or the court based on what it has in the form of evidence and documentation or based on a foreign judgment or arbitral award for the provisional attachment, whether before filing a claim, at the time of filing, or while it is being reviewed, of the debtor’s moveable and immovable assets and assets in the possession of third parties until a judgment is issued in the claim..\"</em></p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Such request is conditional upon the judgment creditor providing monetary insurance legal guarantee, or bank guarantee by a capacitated guarantor the amount and type of which is determined by the Court or the Judge of Urgent Matters. Such insurance or guarantee is for the purposes of guaranteeing any harm or damage that may be incurred by the judgment debtor should it be proven that the judgment creditor is not entitled to enforce its foreign judgment.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">The decision regarding the application for the provisional attachment is done ex parte, whereby the judgment creditor files said application along with its supporting evidence with the Judge of Urgent Matters.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Of course, not every kind of property owned by the judgment debtor is subject to attachment. The Civil Procedures Law provides for exemptions for certain household items, clothing, tools, and other essentials. Additionally, and although the judgment debtor’s salary may be subject to attachment, but a certain amount is exempt in order to allow for personal support or for family support.</p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h3 dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Execution</h3>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Once recognized, a foreign judgment gets enforced in Jordan in the same manner as any other judgment. For example, enforcement can be effected through seizure and sale of real or personal property, garnishment of debts payable to the judgment debtor and, in certain cases, an order for the appointment of an equitable receiver.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Subject to the Execution Law No. (25) of 2007, once a final and conclusive decision is issued by the Competent Court regarding the application of enforcing a foreign judgment, such decision can then be executed against the judgment debtor via the Execution Department.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Under the Jordanian enforcement system, each court has its own enforcement department that is located in each city’s Court of First Instance. This department is solely responsible for the enforcement of decisions that have been issued in its jurisdiction.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">At this stage, the provisional attachment (if any) may be converted into an executory attachment (following the submission of an application to the Execution Department for such conversion) and the judgment debtor’s assets are transferred upon the court’s instructions to the judgment creditor. Principles of agency or alter ego would not be applied to permit enforcement against a third party who is not a judgment debtor. A judgment creditor who seeks to impose liability on a third party under principles such as agency or alter ego is required to do so before the foreign tribunal prior to the conclusive issuance of the foreign judgment and to the issuance of the decision of such enforcement by the Competent Court. After a judgment has been issued, the Competent Court has no power to amend or vary the foreign judgment.</p>\r\nIn conclusion and in light of the above, it may be observed that in spite of a number of grounds the Competent Court has to refuse the enforcement of a foreign judgment, the process appears reasonable. And although arbitration is generally more favoured in cross-border transactions, especially with the adoption of New York Convention on the Recognition and the Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards by almost 160 countries, the concept of enforcing foreign judgments still gives rise to international litigation proving that its awards, similar to arbitral awards, can similarly be enforced in Jordan.'),
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(307580, 29351, 'MetaValueNew', '<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Qatar is taking extensive positive steps to improve its legislative system. This has been reflected in various new laws, regulations and amendments coming into force during the past year.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">In this article, we highlight some of the more interesting recent legislative changes.</p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<img class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-8258\" src=\"https://www.tamimi.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/August-Edition-DPS_Page_31_Image_0002.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"770\" height=\"310\" />&nbsp;\r\n<h3 dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Consumer Protection Law amendment released</h3>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Law Number 7 of 2018 amending Law 8 of 2008 on Consumer Protection was published in the Qatari Official Gazette Number 11 dated 4 July 2018.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">The amendment, as expected, imposes stricter administrative punishments, in addition to the existing administrative and criminal sanctions, which include imprisonment and/or fines.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">The amendment extends Article 18 bis, which is the provision that grants the Consumer Protection Department’s the authority to temporary close the infringing shop or place of business for a period not exceeding one month for the first violation, two months for the second violation, and three months for any further violations.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">In addition to publishing the closure decision on the Ministry’s website and in two daily newspapers, the amendment imposes a notice of violation to be placed on the offending shop or place of business alerting consumers to the reason of the closure being due to violations of the Consumer Protection Law.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">This amendment adds to the significant role of the Qatari Consumer Protection Department, by further publicising the violation to consumers, making the administrative action more effective and preventive.</p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h3 dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">The Issuance of the Patents Implementing Regulation</h3>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">The Patents Implementing Regulation Number 153 of 2018 was also published in the Qatari Official Gazette Number 11 dated 4 July 2018.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Patents in Qatar are governed by the provisions of Law Number 30 of 2006. This law has not been updated since its issuance, and was put into place without being accompanied by any implementing regulations.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">However, the recent developments, including the issuance of the long awaited implementing regulations, are in line with the Qatar National Vision 2030, including the national strategic plan improving IP enforcement and protection, and are assigned to a specialised committee in accordance with decision Number 45 of 2017. Accordingly, further improvements and regulations are also expected to be issued soon.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">The new patents implementing regulation specifies procedures related to registration of patents, including granting the Patent Office the authority to accept submission of supporting documents within a maximum six month period of filing a patent application. In case of non-compliance within the six month period, the patent application shall be considered abandoned, in accordance with Article 2 of the regulation.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">However, the maximum period granted by the Patent Office for filing supporting documents in cases of priority claims is three months, as per Article 3 of the regulation.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Article 8 of the regulations confirm that the Patent Office may use the assistance of experts in the relevant field within the examination process, and the applicant is to cover the cost of such experts.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">These regulations are expected to enhance the efficiency of the patent registration process in Qatar.</p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h3 dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\"></h3>\r\n<h3 dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Law on Competitiveness of National Products to be released</h3>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">In June 2018, Qatar’s Advisory Council discussed a draft law on supporting the competitiveness of national products and combating harmful practices in international trade. The draft law was referred to the Financial and Economic Affairs Committee for its examination and for the Committee to report back to the Council with their comments.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">The draft law confirms complying with Qatar’s international obligations as per the World Trade Organisation (WTO) Agreements signed by Qatar.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">This law also supports Qatar’s aim to achieve self-sufficiency and food security.</p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h3 dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Foreign investment and Trade - Agreements signed and further laws under discussion</h3>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Qatar launched direct maritime shipping lines with many counties including Kuwait, Oman, India, Pakistan, Turkey and Iraq, in addition to Jordan. This was in line with the entry into bilateral agreements with many countries with the aim of improving trade relationships and encouraging foreign investment.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Furthermore, Qatar has announced that the cabinet had approved draft legislation governing investment of non-Qatari capital in the economy. It is said that the legislation will replace Law No 13 from 2000 to further open up the country to foreign investment in all sectors with several exceptions. The draft under discussion was not disclosed, accordingly, the details of this amendment are still unconfirmed, and it is uncertain when this law will be issued.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Another law closely related to foreign investment is also expected to be released, administering ownership of real estate by non-Qatari citizens. The law is likely to define certain areas on which such ownership is permissible and the conditions to apply to the same, as well as granting heirs of the owner the same ownership rights after the death of the owner.</p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h3 dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Conclusion</h3>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Encouraging foreign investment is essential for economic development. By providing the needed legal tools to safeguard the interests of domestic industries, consumers, and foreign investors, Qatar would appear to be moving in the right direction, by developing a robust and balanced legal and economic system.</p>\r\n<em>Our <a href=\"https://www.tamimi.com/practice/intellectual-property/\">IP department</a> has a dedicated team of experienced practitioners, who can assist in a wide range of contentious and non-contentious matters related to IP, including legal protection, contractual matters and litigation. For more information about our IP services or if you wish to enquire more about the above reported developments, please contact the author or <a href=\"https://www.tamimi.com/lawyer/omar-obeidat/\">Omar Obeidat</a> (Partner &amp; Head of Intellectual Property) at <a href=\"mailto:o.obeidat@tamimi.com\">o.obeidat@tamimi.com</a>.</em>');
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(307581, 29351, 'MetaValueOld', '<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Qatar is taking extensive positive steps to improve its legislative system. This has been reflected in various new laws, regulations and amendments coming into force during the past year.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">In this article, we highlight some of the more interesting recent legislative changes.</p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h3 dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Consumer Protection Law amendment released</h3>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Law Number 7 of 2018 amending Law 8 of 2008 on Consumer Protection was published in the Qatari Official Gazette Number 11 dated 4 July 2018.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">The amendment, as expected, imposes stricter administrative punishments, in addition to the existing administrative and criminal sanctions, which include imprisonment and/or fines.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">The amendment extends Article 18 bis, which is the provision that grants the Consumer Protection Department’s the authority to temporary close the infringing shop or place of business for a period not exceeding one month for the first violation, two months for the second violation, and three months for any further violations.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">In addition to publishing the closure decision on the Ministry’s website and in two daily newspapers, the amendment imposes a notice of violation to be placed on the offending shop or place of business alerting consumers to the reason of the closure being due to violations of the Consumer Protection Law.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">This amendment adds to the significant role of the Qatari Consumer Protection Department, by further publicising the violation to consumers, making the administrative action more effective and preventive.</p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h3 dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">The Issuance of the Patents Implementing Regulation</h3>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">The Patents Implementing Regulation Number 153 of 2018 was also published in the Qatari Official Gazette Number 11 dated 4 July 2018.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Patents in Qatar are governed by the provisions of Law Number 30 of 2006. This law has not been updated since its issuance, and was put into place without being accompanied by any implementing regulations.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">However, the recent developments, including the issuance of the long awaited implementing regulations, are in line with the Qatar National Vision 2030, including the national strategic plan improving IP enforcement and protection, and are assigned to a specialised committee in accordance with decision Number 45 of 2017. Accordingly, further improvements and regulations are also expected to be issued soon.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">The new patents implementing regulation specifies procedures related to registration of patents, including granting the Patent Office the authority to accept submission of supporting documents within a maximum six month period of filing a patent application. In case of non-compliance within the six month period, the patent application shall be considered abandoned, in accordance with Article 2 of the regulation.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">However, the maximum period granted by the Patent Office for filing supporting documents in cases of priority claims is three months, as per Article 3 of the regulation.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Article 8 of the regulations confirm that the Patent Office may use the assistance of experts in the relevant field within the examination process, and the applicant is to cover the cost of such experts.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">These regulations are expected to enhance the efficiency of the patent registration process in Qatar.</p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h3 dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\"></h3>\r\n<h3 dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Law on Competitiveness of National Products to be released</h3>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">In June 2018, Qatar’s Advisory Council discussed a draft law on supporting the competitiveness of national products and combating harmful practices in international trade. The draft law was referred to the Financial and Economic Affairs Committee for its examination and for the Committee to report back to the Council with their comments.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">The draft law confirms complying with Qatar’s international obligations as per the World Trade Organisation (WTO) Agreements signed by Qatar.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">This law also supports Qatar’s aim to achieve self-sufficiency and food security.</p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h3 dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Foreign investment and Trade - Agreements signed and further laws under discussion</h3>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Qatar launched direct maritime shipping lines with many counties including Kuwait, Oman, India, Pakistan, Turkey and Iraq, in addition to Jordan. This was in line with the entry into bilateral agreements with many countries with the aim of improving trade relationships and encouraging foreign investment.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Furthermore, Qatar has announced that the cabinet had approved draft legislation governing investment of non-Qatari capital in the economy. It is said that the legislation will replace Law No 13 from 2000 to further open up the country to foreign investment in all sectors with several exceptions. The draft under discussion was not disclosed, accordingly, the details of this amendment are still unconfirmed, and it is uncertain when this law will be issued.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Another law closely related to foreign investment is also expected to be released, administering ownership of real estate by non-Qatari citizens. The law is likely to define certain areas on which such ownership is permissible and the conditions to apply to the same, as well as granting heirs of the owner the same ownership rights after the death of the owner.</p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h3 dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Conclusion</h3>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Encouraging foreign investment is essential for economic development. By providing the needed legal tools to safeguard the interests of domestic industries, consumers, and foreign investors, Qatar would appear to be moving in the right direction, by developing a robust and balanced legal and economic system.</p>\r\n\r\n<em>Our <a href=\"https://www.tamimi.com/practice/intellectual-property/\">IP department</a> has a dedicated team of experienced practitioners, who can assist in a wide range of contentious and non-contentious matters related to IP, including legal protection, contractual matters and litigation. For more information about our IP services or if you wish to enquire more about the above reported developments, please contact the author or <a href=\"https://www.tamimi.com/lawyer/omar-obeidat/\">Omar Obeidat</a> (Partner &amp; Head of Intellectual Property) at <a href=\"mailto:o.obeidat@tamimi.com\">o.obeidat@tamimi.com</a>.</em>'),
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(307584, 29351, 'ReportText', '<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Qatar is taking extensive positive steps to improve its legislative system. This has been reflected in various new laws, regulations and amendments coming into force during the past year.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">In this article, we highlight some of the more interesting recent legislative changes.</p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h3 dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Consumer Protection Law amendment released</h3>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Law Number 7 of 2018 amending Law 8 of 2008 on Consumer Protection was published in the Qatari Official Gazette Number 11 dated 4 July 2018.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">The amendment, as expected, imposes stricter administrative punishments, in addition to the existing administrative and criminal sanctions, which include imprisonment and/or fines.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">The amendment extends Article 18 bis, which is the provision that grants the Consumer Protection Department’s the authority to temporary close the infringing shop or place of business for a period not exceeding one month for the first violation, two months for the second violation, and three months for any further violations.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">In addition to publishing the closure decision on the Ministry’s website and in two daily newspapers, the amendment imposes a notice of violation to be placed on the offending shop or place of business alerting consumers to the reason of the closure being due to violations of the Consumer Protection Law.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">This amendment adds to the significant role of the Qatari Consumer Protection Department, by further publicising the violation to consumers, making the administrative action more effective and preventive.</p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h3 dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">The Issuance of the Patents Implementing Regulation</h3>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">The Patents Implementing Regulation Number 153 of 2018 was also published in the Qatari Official Gazette Number 11 dated 4 July 2018.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Patents in Qatar are governed by the provisions of Law Number 30 of 2006. This law has not been updated since its issuance, and was put into place without being accompanied by any implementing regulations.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">However, the recent developments, including the issuance of the long awaited implementing regulations, are in line with the Qatar National Vision 2030, including the national strategic plan improving IP enforcement and protection, and are assigned to a specialised committee in accordance with decision Number 45 of 2017. Accordingly, further improvements and regulations are also expected to be issued soon.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">The new patents implementing regulation specifies procedures related to registration of patents, including granting the Patent Office the authority to accept submission of supporting documents within a maximum six month period of filing a patent application. In case of non-compliance within the six month period, the patent application shall be considered abandoned, in accordance with Article 2 of the regulation.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">However, the maximum period granted by the Patent Office for filing supporting documents in cases of priority claims is three months, as per Article 3 of the regulation.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Article 8 of the regulations confirm that the Patent Office may use the assistance of experts in the relevant field within the examination process, and the applicant is to cover the cost of such experts.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">These regulations are expected to enhance the efficiency of the patent registration process in Qatar.</p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h3 dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\"></h3>\r\n<h3 dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Law on Competitiveness of National Products to be released</h3>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">In June 2018, Qatar’s Advisory Council discussed a draft law on supporting the competitiveness of national products and combating harmful practices in international trade. The draft law was referred to the Financial and Economic Affairs Committee for its examination and for the Committee to report back to the Council with their comments.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">The draft law confirms complying with Qatar’s international obligations as per the World Trade Organisation (WTO) Agreements signed by Qatar.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">This law also supports Qatar’s aim to achieve self-sufficiency and food security.</p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h3 dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Foreign investment and Trade - Agreements signed and further laws under discussion</h3>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Qatar launched direct maritime shipping lines with many counties including Kuwait, Oman, India, Pakistan, Turkey and Iraq, in addition to Jordan. This was in line with the entry into bilateral agreements with many countries with the aim of improving trade relationships and encouraging foreign investment.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Furthermore, Qatar has announced that the cabinet had approved draft legislation governing investment of non-Qatari capital in the economy. It is said that the legislation will replace Law No 13 from 2000 to further open up the country to foreign investment in all sectors with several exceptions. The draft under discussion was not disclosed, accordingly, the details of this amendment are still unconfirmed, and it is uncertain when this law will be issued.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Another law closely related to foreign investment is also expected to be released, administering ownership of real estate by non-Qatari citizens. The law is likely to define certain areas on which such ownership is permissible and the conditions to apply to the same, as well as granting heirs of the owner the same ownership rights after the death of the owner.</p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h3 dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Conclusion</h3>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Encouraging foreign investment is essential for economic development. By providing the needed legal tools to safeguard the interests of domestic industries, consumers, and foreign investors, Qatar would appear to be moving in the right direction, by developing a robust and balanced legal and economic system.</p>\r\n\r\n<em>Our <a href=\"https://www.tamimi.com/practice/intellectual-property/\">IP department</a> has a dedicated team of experienced practitioners, who can assist in a wide range of contentious and non-contentious matters related to IP, including legal protection, contractual matters and litigation. For more information about our IP services or if you wish to enquire more about the above reported developments, please contact the author or <a href=\"https://www.tamimi.com/lawyer/omar-obeidat/\">Omar Obeidat</a> (Partner &amp; Head of Intellectual Property) at <a href=\"mailto:o.obeidat@tamimi.com\">o.obeidat@tamimi.com</a>.</em>|<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Qatar is taking extensive positive steps to improve its legislative system. This has been reflected in various new laws, regulations and amendments coming into force during the past year.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">In this article, we highlight some of the more interesting recent legislative changes.</p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<img class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-8258\" src=\"https://www.tamimi.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/August-Edition-DPS_Page_31_Image_0002.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"770\" height=\"310\" />&nbsp;\r\n<h3 dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Consumer Protection Law amendment released</h3>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Law Number 7 of 2018 amending Law 8 of 2008 on Consumer Protection was published in the Qatari Official Gazette Number 11 dated 4 July 2018.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">The amendment, as expected, imposes stricter administrative punishments, in addition to the existing administrative and criminal sanctions, which include imprisonment and/or fines.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">The amendment extends Article 18 bis, which is the provision that grants the Consumer Protection Department’s the authority to temporary close the infringing shop or place of business for a period not exceeding one month for the first violation, two months for the second violation, and three months for any further violations.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">In addition to publishing the closure decision on the Ministry’s website and in two daily newspapers, the amendment imposes a notice of violation to be placed on the offending shop or place of business alerting consumers to the reason of the closure being due to violations of the Consumer Protection Law.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">This amendment adds to the significant role of the Qatari Consumer Protection Department, by further publicising the violation to consumers, making the administrative action more effective and preventive.</p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h3 dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">The Issuance of the Patents Implementing Regulation</h3>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">The Patents Implementing Regulation Number 153 of 2018 was also published in the Qatari Official Gazette Number 11 dated 4 July 2018.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Patents in Qatar are governed by the provisions of Law Number 30 of 2006. This law has not been updated since its issuance, and was put into place without being accompanied by any implementing regulations.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">However, the recent developments, including the issuance of the long awaited implementing regulations, are in line with the Qatar National Vision 2030, including the national strategic plan improving IP enforcement and protection, and are assigned to a specialised committee in accordance with decision Number 45 of 2017. Accordingly, further improvements and regulations are also expected to be issued soon.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">The new patents implementing regulation specifies procedures related to registration of patents, including granting the Patent Office the authority to accept submission of supporting documents within a maximum six month period of filing a patent application. In case of non-compliance within the six month period, the patent application shall be considered abandoned, in accordance with Article 2 of the regulation.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">However, the maximum period granted by the Patent Office for filing supporting documents in cases of priority claims is three months, as per Article 3 of the regulation.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Article 8 of the regulations confirm that the Patent Office may use the assistance of experts in the relevant field within the examination process, and the applicant is to cover the cost of such experts.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">These regulations are expected to enhance the efficiency of the patent registration process in Qatar.</p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h3 dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\"></h3>\r\n<h3 dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Law on Competitiveness of National Products to be released</h3>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">In June 2018, Qatar’s Advisory Council discussed a draft law on supporting the competitiveness of national products and combating harmful practices in international trade. The draft law was referred to the Financial and Economic Affairs Committee for its examination and for the Committee to report back to the Council with their comments.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">The draft law confirms complying with Qatar’s international obligations as per the World Trade Organisation (WTO) Agreements signed by Qatar.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">This law also supports Qatar’s aim to achieve self-sufficiency and food security.</p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h3 dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Foreign investment and Trade - Agreements signed and further laws under discussion</h3>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Qatar launched direct maritime shipping lines with many counties including Kuwait, Oman, India, Pakistan, Turkey and Iraq, in addition to Jordan. This was in line with the entry into bilateral agreements with many countries with the aim of improving trade relationships and encouraging foreign investment.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Furthermore, Qatar has announced that the cabinet had approved draft legislation governing investment of non-Qatari capital in the economy. It is said that the legislation will replace Law No 13 from 2000 to further open up the country to foreign investment in all sectors with several exceptions. The draft under discussion was not disclosed, accordingly, the details of this amendment are still unconfirmed, and it is uncertain when this law will be issued.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Another law closely related to foreign investment is also expected to be released, administering ownership of real estate by non-Qatari citizens. The law is likely to define certain areas on which such ownership is permissible and the conditions to apply to the same, as well as granting heirs of the owner the same ownership rights after the death of the owner.</p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h3 dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Conclusion</h3>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Encouraging foreign investment is essential for economic development. By providing the needed legal tools to safeguard the interests of domestic industries, consumers, and foreign investors, Qatar would appear to be moving in the right direction, by developing a robust and balanced legal and economic system.</p>\r\n<em>Our <a href=\"https://www.tamimi.com/practice/intellectual-property/\">IP department</a> has a dedicated team of experienced practitioners, who can assist in a wide range of contentious and non-contentious matters related to IP, including legal protection, contractual matters and litigation. For more information about our IP services or if you wish to enquire more about the above reported developments, please contact the author or <a href=\"https://www.tamimi.com/lawyer/omar-obeidat/\">Omar Obeidat</a> (Partner &amp; Head of Intellectual Property) at <a href=\"mailto:o.obeidat@tamimi.com\">o.obeidat@tamimi.com</a>.</em>'),
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(307650, 29357, 'MetaValueNew', '<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Qatar is taking extensive positive steps to improve its legislative system. This has been reflected in various new laws, regulations and amendments coming into force during the past year.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">In this article, we highlight some of the more interesting recent legislative changes.</p>&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<img class=\"aligncenter wp-image-8267 size-full\" src=\"https://www.tamimi.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/August-Edition-DPS_Page_31_Image_0002d.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1096\" height=\"310\" />&nbsp;\r\n<h3 dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Consumer Protection Law amendment released</h3>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Law Number 7 of 2018 amending Law 8 of 2008 on Consumer Protection was published in the Qatari Official Gazette Number 11 dated 4 July 2018.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">The amendment, as expected, imposes stricter administrative punishments, in addition to the existing administrative and criminal sanctions, which include imprisonment and/or fines.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">The amendment extends Article 18 bis, which is the provision that grants the Consumer Protection Department’s the authority to temporary close the infringing shop or place of business for a period not exceeding one month for the first violation, two months for the second violation, and three months for any further violations.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">In addition to publishing the closure decision on the Ministry’s website and in two daily newspapers, the amendment imposes a notice of violation to be placed on the offending shop or place of business alerting consumers to the reason of the closure being due to violations of the Consumer Protection Law.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">This amendment adds to the significant role of the Qatari Consumer Protection Department, by further publicising the violation to consumers, making the administrative action more effective and preventive.</p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h3 dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">The Issuance of the Patents Implementing Regulation</h3>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">The Patents Implementing Regulation Number 153 of 2018 was also published in the Qatari Official Gazette Number 11 dated 4 July 2018.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Patents in Qatar are governed by the provisions of Law Number 30 of 2006. This law has not been updated since its issuance, and was put into place without being accompanied by any implementing regulations.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">However, the recent developments, including the issuance of the long awaited implementing regulations, are in line with the Qatar National Vision 2030, including the national strategic plan improving IP enforcement and protection, and are assigned to a specialised committee in accordance with decision Number 45 of 2017. Accordingly, further improvements and regulations are also expected to be issued soon.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">The new patents implementing regulation specifies procedures related to registration of patents, including granting the Patent Office the authority to accept submission of supporting documents within a maximum six month period of filing a patent application. In case of non-compliance within the six month period, the patent application shall be considered abandoned, in accordance with Article 2 of the regulation.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">However, the maximum period granted by the Patent Office for filing supporting documents in cases of priority claims is three months, as per Article 3 of the regulation.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Article 8 of the regulations confirm that the Patent Office may use the assistance of experts in the relevant field within the examination process, and the applicant is to cover the cost of such experts.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">These regulations are expected to enhance the efficiency of the patent registration process in Qatar.</p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h3 dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\"></h3>\r\n<h3 dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Law on Competitiveness of National Products to be released</h3>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">In June 2018, Qatar’s Advisory Council discussed a draft law on supporting the competitiveness of national products and combating harmful practices in international trade. The draft law was referred to the Financial and Economic Affairs Committee for its examination and for the Committee to report back to the Council with their comments.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">The draft law confirms complying with Qatar’s international obligations as per the World Trade Organisation (WTO) Agreements signed by Qatar.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">This law also supports Qatar’s aim to achieve self-sufficiency and food security.</p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h3 dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Foreign investment and Trade - Agreements signed and further laws under discussion</h3>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Qatar launched direct maritime shipping lines with many counties including Kuwait, Oman, India, Pakistan, Turkey and Iraq, in addition to Jordan. This was in line with the entry into bilateral agreements with many countries with the aim of improving trade relationships and encouraging foreign investment.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Furthermore, Qatar has announced that the cabinet had approved draft legislation governing investment of non-Qatari capital in the economy. It is said that the legislation will replace Law No 13 from 2000 to further open up the country to foreign investment in all sectors with several exceptions. The draft under discussion was not disclosed, accordingly, the details of this amendment are still unconfirmed, and it is uncertain when this law will be issued.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Another law closely related to foreign investment is also expected to be released, administering ownership of real estate by non-Qatari citizens. The law is likely to define certain areas on which such ownership is permissible and the conditions to apply to the same, as well as granting heirs of the owner the same ownership rights after the death of the owner.</p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h3 dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Conclusion</h3>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Encouraging foreign investment is essential for economic development. By providing the needed legal tools to safeguard the interests of domestic industries, consumers, and foreign investors, Qatar would appear to be moving in the right direction, by developing a robust and balanced legal and economic system.</p>\r\n<em>Our <a href=\"https://www.tamimi.com/practice/intellectual-property/\">IP department</a> has a dedicated team of experienced practitioners, who can assist in a wide range of contentious and non-contentious matters related to IP, including legal protection, contractual matters and litigation. For more information about our IP services or if you wish to enquire more about the above reported developments, please contact the author or <a href=\"https://www.tamimi.com/lawyer/omar-obeidat/\">Omar Obeidat</a> (Partner &amp; Head of Intellectual Property) at <a href=\"mailto:o.obeidat@tamimi.com\">o.obeidat@tamimi.com</a>.</em>'),
(307651, 29357, 'MetaValueOld', '<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Qatar is taking extensive positive steps to improve its legislative system. This has been reflected in various new laws, regulations and amendments coming into force during the past year.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">In this article, we highlight some of the more interesting recent legislative changes.</p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<img class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-8258\" src=\"https://www.tamimi.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/August-Edition-DPS_Page_31_Image_0002.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"770\" height=\"310\" />&nbsp;\r\n<h3 dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Consumer Protection Law amendment released</h3>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Law Number 7 of 2018 amending Law 8 of 2008 on Consumer Protection was published in the Qatari Official Gazette Number 11 dated 4 July 2018.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">The amendment, as expected, imposes stricter administrative punishments, in addition to the existing administrative and criminal sanctions, which include imprisonment and/or fines.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">The amendment extends Article 18 bis, which is the provision that grants the Consumer Protection Department’s the authority to temporary close the infringing shop or place of business for a period not exceeding one month for the first violation, two months for the second violation, and three months for any further violations.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">In addition to publishing the closure decision on the Ministry’s website and in two daily newspapers, the amendment imposes a notice of violation to be placed on the offending shop or place of business alerting consumers to the reason of the closure being due to violations of the Consumer Protection Law.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">This amendment adds to the significant role of the Qatari Consumer Protection Department, by further publicising the violation to consumers, making the administrative action more effective and preventive.</p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h3 dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">The Issuance of the Patents Implementing Regulation</h3>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">The Patents Implementing Regulation Number 153 of 2018 was also published in the Qatari Official Gazette Number 11 dated 4 July 2018.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Patents in Qatar are governed by the provisions of Law Number 30 of 2006. This law has not been updated since its issuance, and was put into place without being accompanied by any implementing regulations.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">However, the recent developments, including the issuance of the long awaited implementing regulations, are in line with the Qatar National Vision 2030, including the national strategic plan improving IP enforcement and protection, and are assigned to a specialised committee in accordance with decision Number 45 of 2017. Accordingly, further improvements and regulations are also expected to be issued soon.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">The new patents implementing regulation specifies procedures related to registration of patents, including granting the Patent Office the authority to accept submission of supporting documents within a maximum six month period of filing a patent application. In case of non-compliance within the six month period, the patent application shall be considered abandoned, in accordance with Article 2 of the regulation.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">However, the maximum period granted by the Patent Office for filing supporting documents in cases of priority claims is three months, as per Article 3 of the regulation.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Article 8 of the regulations confirm that the Patent Office may use the assistance of experts in the relevant field within the examination process, and the applicant is to cover the cost of such experts.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">These regulations are expected to enhance the efficiency of the patent registration process in Qatar.</p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h3 dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\"></h3>\r\n<h3 dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Law on Competitiveness of National Products to be released</h3>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">In June 2018, Qatar’s Advisory Council discussed a draft law on supporting the competitiveness of national products and combating harmful practices in international trade. The draft law was referred to the Financial and Economic Affairs Committee for its examination and for the Committee to report back to the Council with their comments.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">The draft law confirms complying with Qatar’s international obligations as per the World Trade Organisation (WTO) Agreements signed by Qatar.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">This law also supports Qatar’s aim to achieve self-sufficiency and food security.</p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h3 dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Foreign investment and Trade - Agreements signed and further laws under discussion</h3>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Qatar launched direct maritime shipping lines with many counties including Kuwait, Oman, India, Pakistan, Turkey and Iraq, in addition to Jordan. This was in line with the entry into bilateral agreements with many countries with the aim of improving trade relationships and encouraging foreign investment.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Furthermore, Qatar has announced that the cabinet had approved draft legislation governing investment of non-Qatari capital in the economy. It is said that the legislation will replace Law No 13 from 2000 to further open up the country to foreign investment in all sectors with several exceptions. The draft under discussion was not disclosed, accordingly, the details of this amendment are still unconfirmed, and it is uncertain when this law will be issued.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Another law closely related to foreign investment is also expected to be released, administering ownership of real estate by non-Qatari citizens. The law is likely to define certain areas on which such ownership is permissible and the conditions to apply to the same, as well as granting heirs of the owner the same ownership rights after the death of the owner.</p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h3 dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Conclusion</h3>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Encouraging foreign investment is essential for economic development. By providing the needed legal tools to safeguard the interests of domestic industries, consumers, and foreign investors, Qatar would appear to be moving in the right direction, by developing a robust and balanced legal and economic system.</p>\r\n<em>Our <a href=\"https://www.tamimi.com/practice/intellectual-property/\">IP department</a> has a dedicated team of experienced practitioners, who can assist in a wide range of contentious and non-contentious matters related to IP, including legal protection, contractual matters and litigation. For more information about our IP services or if you wish to enquire more about the above reported developments, please contact the author or <a href=\"https://www.tamimi.com/lawyer/omar-obeidat/\">Omar Obeidat</a> (Partner &amp; Head of Intellectual Property) at <a href=\"mailto:o.obeidat@tamimi.com\">o.obeidat@tamimi.com</a>.</em>'),
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(307654, 29357, 'ReportText', '<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Qatar is taking extensive positive steps to improve its legislative system. This has been reflected in various new laws, regulations and amendments coming into force during the past year.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">In this article, we highlight some of the more interesting recent legislative changes.</p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<img class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-8258\" src=\"https://www.tamimi.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/August-Edition-DPS_Page_31_Image_0002.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"770\" height=\"310\" />&nbsp;\r\n<h3 dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Consumer Protection Law amendment released</h3>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Law Number 7 of 2018 amending Law 8 of 2008 on Consumer Protection was published in the Qatari Official Gazette Number 11 dated 4 July 2018.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">The amendment, as expected, imposes stricter administrative punishments, in addition to the existing administrative and criminal sanctions, which include imprisonment and/or fines.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">The amendment extends Article 18 bis, which is the provision that grants the Consumer Protection Department’s the authority to temporary close the infringing shop or place of business for a period not exceeding one month for the first violation, two months for the second violation, and three months for any further violations.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">In addition to publishing the closure decision on the Ministry’s website and in two daily newspapers, the amendment imposes a notice of violation to be placed on the offending shop or place of business alerting consumers to the reason of the closure being due to violations of the Consumer Protection Law.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">This amendment adds to the significant role of the Qatari Consumer Protection Department, by further publicising the violation to consumers, making the administrative action more effective and preventive.</p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h3 dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">The Issuance of the Patents Implementing Regulation</h3>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">The Patents Implementing Regulation Number 153 of 2018 was also published in the Qatari Official Gazette Number 11 dated 4 July 2018.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Patents in Qatar are governed by the provisions of Law Number 30 of 2006. This law has not been updated since its issuance, and was put into place without being accompanied by any implementing regulations.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">However, the recent developments, including the issuance of the long awaited implementing regulations, are in line with the Qatar National Vision 2030, including the national strategic plan improving IP enforcement and protection, and are assigned to a specialised committee in accordance with decision Number 45 of 2017. Accordingly, further improvements and regulations are also expected to be issued soon.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">The new patents implementing regulation specifies procedures related to registration of patents, including granting the Patent Office the authority to accept submission of supporting documents within a maximum six month period of filing a patent application. In case of non-compliance within the six month period, the patent application shall be considered abandoned, in accordance with Article 2 of the regulation.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">However, the maximum period granted by the Patent Office for filing supporting documents in cases of priority claims is three months, as per Article 3 of the regulation.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Article 8 of the regulations confirm that the Patent Office may use the assistance of experts in the relevant field within the examination process, and the applicant is to cover the cost of such experts.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">These regulations are expected to enhance the efficiency of the patent registration process in Qatar.</p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h3 dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\"></h3>\r\n<h3 dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Law on Competitiveness of National Products to be released</h3>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">In June 2018, Qatar’s Advisory Council discussed a draft law on supporting the competitiveness of national products and combating harmful practices in international trade. The draft law was referred to the Financial and Economic Affairs Committee for its examination and for the Committee to report back to the Council with their comments.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">The draft law confirms complying with Qatar’s international obligations as per the World Trade Organisation (WTO) Agreements signed by Qatar.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">This law also supports Qatar’s aim to achieve self-sufficiency and food security.</p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h3 dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Foreign investment and Trade - Agreements signed and further laws under discussion</h3>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Qatar launched direct maritime shipping lines with many counties including Kuwait, Oman, India, Pakistan, Turkey and Iraq, in addition to Jordan. This was in line with the entry into bilateral agreements with many countries with the aim of improving trade relationships and encouraging foreign investment.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Furthermore, Qatar has announced that the cabinet had approved draft legislation governing investment of non-Qatari capital in the economy. It is said that the legislation will replace Law No 13 from 2000 to further open up the country to foreign investment in all sectors with several exceptions. The draft under discussion was not disclosed, accordingly, the details of this amendment are still unconfirmed, and it is uncertain when this law will be issued.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Another law closely related to foreign investment is also expected to be released, administering ownership of real estate by non-Qatari citizens. The law is likely to define certain areas on which such ownership is permissible and the conditions to apply to the same, as well as granting heirs of the owner the same ownership rights after the death of the owner.</p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h3 dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Conclusion</h3>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Encouraging foreign investment is essential for economic development. By providing the needed legal tools to safeguard the interests of domestic industries, consumers, and foreign investors, Qatar would appear to be moving in the right direction, by developing a robust and balanced legal and economic system.</p>\r\n<em>Our <a href=\"https://www.tamimi.com/practice/intellectual-property/\">IP department</a> has a dedicated team of experienced practitioners, who can assist in a wide range of contentious and non-contentious matters related to IP, including legal protection, contractual matters and litigation. For more information about our IP services or if you wish to enquire more about the above reported developments, please contact the author or <a href=\"https://www.tamimi.com/lawyer/omar-obeidat/\">Omar Obeidat</a> (Partner &amp; Head of Intellectual Property) at <a href=\"mailto:o.obeidat@tamimi.com\">o.obeidat@tamimi.com</a>.</em>|<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Qatar is taking extensive positive steps to improve its legislative system. This has been reflected in various new laws, regulations and amendments coming into force during the past year.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">In this article, we highlight some of the more interesting recent legislative changes.</p>&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<img class=\"aligncenter wp-image-8267 size-full\" src=\"https://www.tamimi.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/August-Edition-DPS_Page_31_Image_0002d.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1096\" height=\"310\" />&nbsp;\r\n<h3 dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Consumer Protection Law amendment released</h3>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Law Number 7 of 2018 amending Law 8 of 2008 on Consumer Protection was published in the Qatari Official Gazette Number 11 dated 4 July 2018.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">The amendment, as expected, imposes stricter administrative punishments, in addition to the existing administrative and criminal sanctions, which include imprisonment and/or fines.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">The amendment extends Article 18 bis, which is the provision that grants the Consumer Protection Department’s the authority to temporary close the infringing shop or place of business for a period not exceeding one month for the first violation, two months for the second violation, and three months for any further violations.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">In addition to publishing the closure decision on the Ministry’s website and in two daily newspapers, the amendment imposes a notice of violation to be placed on the offending shop or place of business alerting consumers to the reason of the closure being due to violations of the Consumer Protection Law.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">This amendment adds to the significant role of the Qatari Consumer Protection Department, by further publicising the violation to consumers, making the administrative action more effective and preventive.</p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h3 dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">The Issuance of the Patents Implementing Regulation</h3>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">The Patents Implementing Regulation Number 153 of 2018 was also published in the Qatari Official Gazette Number 11 dated 4 July 2018.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Patents in Qatar are governed by the provisions of Law Number 30 of 2006. This law has not been updated since its issuance, and was put into place without being accompanied by any implementing regulations.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">However, the recent developments, including the issuance of the long awaited implementing regulations, are in line with the Qatar National Vision 2030, including the national strategic plan improving IP enforcement and protection, and are assigned to a specialised committee in accordance with decision Number 45 of 2017. Accordingly, further improvements and regulations are also expected to be issued soon.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">The new patents implementing regulation specifies procedures related to registration of patents, including granting the Patent Office the authority to accept submission of supporting documents within a maximum six month period of filing a patent application. In case of non-compliance within the six month period, the patent application shall be considered abandoned, in accordance with Article 2 of the regulation.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">However, the maximum period granted by the Patent Office for filing supporting documents in cases of priority claims is three months, as per Article 3 of the regulation.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Article 8 of the regulations confirm that the Patent Office may use the assistance of experts in the relevant field within the examination process, and the applicant is to cover the cost of such experts.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">These regulations are expected to enhance the efficiency of the patent registration process in Qatar.</p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h3 dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\"></h3>\r\n<h3 dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Law on Competitiveness of National Products to be released</h3>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">In June 2018, Qatar’s Advisory Council discussed a draft law on supporting the competitiveness of national products and combating harmful practices in international trade. The draft law was referred to the Financial and Economic Affairs Committee for its examination and for the Committee to report back to the Council with their comments.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">The draft law confirms complying with Qatar’s international obligations as per the World Trade Organisation (WTO) Agreements signed by Qatar.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">This law also supports Qatar’s aim to achieve self-sufficiency and food security.</p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h3 dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Foreign investment and Trade - Agreements signed and further laws under discussion</h3>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Qatar launched direct maritime shipping lines with many counties including Kuwait, Oman, India, Pakistan, Turkey and Iraq, in addition to Jordan. This was in line with the entry into bilateral agreements with many countries with the aim of improving trade relationships and encouraging foreign investment.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Furthermore, Qatar has announced that the cabinet had approved draft legislation governing investment of non-Qatari capital in the economy. It is said that the legislation will replace Law No 13 from 2000 to further open up the country to foreign investment in all sectors with several exceptions. The draft under discussion was not disclosed, accordingly, the details of this amendment are still unconfirmed, and it is uncertain when this law will be issued.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Another law closely related to foreign investment is also expected to be released, administering ownership of real estate by non-Qatari citizens. The law is likely to define certain areas on which such ownership is permissible and the conditions to apply to the same, as well as granting heirs of the owner the same ownership rights after the death of the owner.</p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h3 dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Conclusion</h3>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Encouraging foreign investment is essential for economic development. By providing the needed legal tools to safeguard the interests of domestic industries, consumers, and foreign investors, Qatar would appear to be moving in the right direction, by developing a robust and balanced legal and economic system.</p>\r\n<em>Our <a href=\"https://www.tamimi.com/practice/intellectual-property/\">IP department</a> has a dedicated team of experienced practitioners, who can assist in a wide range of contentious and non-contentious matters related to IP, including legal protection, contractual matters and litigation. For more information about our IP services or if you wish to enquire more about the above reported developments, please contact the author or <a href=\"https://www.tamimi.com/lawyer/omar-obeidat/\">Omar Obeidat</a> (Partner &amp; Head of Intellectual Property) at <a href=\"mailto:o.obeidat@tamimi.com\">o.obeidat@tamimi.com</a>.</em>'),
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(307704, 29361, 'MetaValueNew', '<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Qatar is taking extensive positive steps to improve its legislative system. This has been reflected in various new laws, regulations and amendments coming into force during the past year.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">In this article, we highlight some of the more interesting recent legislative changes.</p>\r\n\r\n<img class=\"aligncenter wp-image-8267 size-full\" src=\"https://www.tamimi.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/August-Edition-DPS_Page_31_Image_0002d.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1096\" height=\"310\" /> &nbsp;\r\n&nbsp;<h3 dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Consumer Protection Law amendment released</h3>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Law Number 7 of 2018 amending Law 8 of 2008 on Consumer Protection was published in the Qatari Official Gazette Number 11 dated 4 July 2018.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">The amendment, as expected, imposes stricter administrative punishments, in addition to the existing administrative and criminal sanctions, which include imprisonment and/or fines.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">The amendment extends Article 18 bis, which is the provision that grants the Consumer Protection Department’s the authority to temporary close the infringing shop or place of business for a period not exceeding one month for the first violation, two months for the second violation, and three months for any further violations.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">In addition to publishing the closure decision on the Ministry’s website and in two daily newspapers, the amendment imposes a notice of violation to be placed on the offending shop or place of business alerting consumers to the reason of the closure being due to violations of the Consumer Protection Law.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">This amendment adds to the significant role of the Qatari Consumer Protection Department, by further publicising the violation to consumers, making the administrative action more effective and preventive.</p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h3 dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">The Issuance of the Patents Implementing Regulation</h3>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">The Patents Implementing Regulation Number 153 of 2018 was also published in the Qatari Official Gazette Number 11 dated 4 July 2018.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Patents in Qatar are governed by the provisions of Law Number 30 of 2006. This law has not been updated since its issuance, and was put into place without being accompanied by any implementing regulations.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">However, the recent developments, including the issuance of the long awaited implementing regulations, are in line with the Qatar National Vision 2030, including the national strategic plan improving IP enforcement and protection, and are assigned to a specialised committee in accordance with decision Number 45 of 2017. Accordingly, further improvements and regulations are also expected to be issued soon.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">The new patents implementing regulation specifies procedures related to registration of patents, including granting the Patent Office the authority to accept submission of supporting documents within a maximum six month period of filing a patent application. In case of non-compliance within the six month period, the patent application shall be considered abandoned, in accordance with Article 2 of the regulation.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">However, the maximum period granted by the Patent Office for filing supporting documents in cases of priority claims is three months, as per Article 3 of the regulation.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Article 8 of the regulations confirm that the Patent Office may use the assistance of experts in the relevant field within the examination process, and the applicant is to cover the cost of such experts.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">These regulations are expected to enhance the efficiency of the patent registration process in Qatar.</p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h3 dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\"></h3>\r\n<h3 dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Law on Competitiveness of National Products to be released</h3>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">In June 2018, Qatar’s Advisory Council discussed a draft law on supporting the competitiveness of national products and combating harmful practices in international trade. The draft law was referred to the Financial and Economic Affairs Committee for its examination and for the Committee to report back to the Council with their comments.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">The draft law confirms complying with Qatar’s international obligations as per the World Trade Organisation (WTO) Agreements signed by Qatar.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">This law also supports Qatar’s aim to achieve self-sufficiency and food security.</p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h3 dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Foreign investment and Trade - Agreements signed and further laws under discussion</h3>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Qatar launched direct maritime shipping lines with many counties including Kuwait, Oman, India, Pakistan, Turkey and Iraq, in addition to Jordan. This was in line with the entry into bilateral agreements with many countries with the aim of improving trade relationships and encouraging foreign investment.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Furthermore, Qatar has announced that the cabinet had approved draft legislation governing investment of non-Qatari capital in the economy. It is said that the legislation will replace Law No 13 from 2000 to further open up the country to foreign investment in all sectors with several exceptions. The draft under discussion was not disclosed, accordingly, the details of this amendment are still unconfirmed, and it is uncertain when this law will be issued.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Another law closely related to foreign investment is also expected to be released, administering ownership of real estate by non-Qatari citizens. The law is likely to define certain areas on which such ownership is permissible and the conditions to apply to the same, as well as granting heirs of the owner the same ownership rights after the death of the owner.</p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h3 dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Conclusion</h3>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Encouraging foreign investment is essential for economic development. By providing the needed legal tools to safeguard the interests of domestic industries, consumers, and foreign investors, Qatar would appear to be moving in the right direction, by developing a robust and balanced legal and economic system.</p>\r\n<em>Our <a href=\"https://www.tamimi.com/practice/intellectual-property/\">IP department</a> has a dedicated team of experienced practitioners, who can assist in a wide range of contentious and non-contentious matters related to IP, including legal protection, contractual matters and litigation. For more information about our IP services or if you wish to enquire more about the above reported developments, please contact the author or <a href=\"https://www.tamimi.com/lawyer/omar-obeidat/\">Omar Obeidat</a> (Partner &amp; Head of Intellectual Property) at <a href=\"mailto:o.obeidat@tamimi.com\">o.obeidat@tamimi.com</a>.</em>'),
(307705, 29361, 'MetaValueOld', '<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Qatar is taking extensive positive steps to improve its legislative system. This has been reflected in various new laws, regulations and amendments coming into force during the past year.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">In this article, we highlight some of the more interesting recent legislative changes.</p>&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<img class=\"aligncenter wp-image-8267 size-full\" src=\"https://www.tamimi.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/August-Edition-DPS_Page_31_Image_0002d.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1096\" height=\"310\" />&nbsp;\r\n<h3 dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Consumer Protection Law amendment released</h3>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Law Number 7 of 2018 amending Law 8 of 2008 on Consumer Protection was published in the Qatari Official Gazette Number 11 dated 4 July 2018.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">The amendment, as expected, imposes stricter administrative punishments, in addition to the existing administrative and criminal sanctions, which include imprisonment and/or fines.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">The amendment extends Article 18 bis, which is the provision that grants the Consumer Protection Department’s the authority to temporary close the infringing shop or place of business for a period not exceeding one month for the first violation, two months for the second violation, and three months for any further violations.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">In addition to publishing the closure decision on the Ministry’s website and in two daily newspapers, the amendment imposes a notice of violation to be placed on the offending shop or place of business alerting consumers to the reason of the closure being due to violations of the Consumer Protection Law.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">This amendment adds to the significant role of the Qatari Consumer Protection Department, by further publicising the violation to consumers, making the administrative action more effective and preventive.</p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h3 dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">The Issuance of the Patents Implementing Regulation</h3>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">The Patents Implementing Regulation Number 153 of 2018 was also published in the Qatari Official Gazette Number 11 dated 4 July 2018.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Patents in Qatar are governed by the provisions of Law Number 30 of 2006. This law has not been updated since its issuance, and was put into place without being accompanied by any implementing regulations.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">However, the recent developments, including the issuance of the long awaited implementing regulations, are in line with the Qatar National Vision 2030, including the national strategic plan improving IP enforcement and protection, and are assigned to a specialised committee in accordance with decision Number 45 of 2017. Accordingly, further improvements and regulations are also expected to be issued soon.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">The new patents implementing regulation specifies procedures related to registration of patents, including granting the Patent Office the authority to accept submission of supporting documents within a maximum six month period of filing a patent application. In case of non-compliance within the six month period, the patent application shall be considered abandoned, in accordance with Article 2 of the regulation.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">However, the maximum period granted by the Patent Office for filing supporting documents in cases of priority claims is three months, as per Article 3 of the regulation.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Article 8 of the regulations confirm that the Patent Office may use the assistance of experts in the relevant field within the examination process, and the applicant is to cover the cost of such experts.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">These regulations are expected to enhance the efficiency of the patent registration process in Qatar.</p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h3 dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\"></h3>\r\n<h3 dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Law on Competitiveness of National Products to be released</h3>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">In June 2018, Qatar’s Advisory Council discussed a draft law on supporting the competitiveness of national products and combating harmful practices in international trade. The draft law was referred to the Financial and Economic Affairs Committee for its examination and for the Committee to report back to the Council with their comments.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">The draft law confirms complying with Qatar’s international obligations as per the World Trade Organisation (WTO) Agreements signed by Qatar.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">This law also supports Qatar’s aim to achieve self-sufficiency and food security.</p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h3 dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Foreign investment and Trade - Agreements signed and further laws under discussion</h3>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Qatar launched direct maritime shipping lines with many counties including Kuwait, Oman, India, Pakistan, Turkey and Iraq, in addition to Jordan. This was in line with the entry into bilateral agreements with many countries with the aim of improving trade relationships and encouraging foreign investment.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Furthermore, Qatar has announced that the cabinet had approved draft legislation governing investment of non-Qatari capital in the economy. It is said that the legislation will replace Law No 13 from 2000 to further open up the country to foreign investment in all sectors with several exceptions. The draft under discussion was not disclosed, accordingly, the details of this amendment are still unconfirmed, and it is uncertain when this law will be issued.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Another law closely related to foreign investment is also expected to be released, administering ownership of real estate by non-Qatari citizens. The law is likely to define certain areas on which such ownership is permissible and the conditions to apply to the same, as well as granting heirs of the owner the same ownership rights after the death of the owner.</p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h3 dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Conclusion</h3>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Encouraging foreign investment is essential for economic development. By providing the needed legal tools to safeguard the interests of domestic industries, consumers, and foreign investors, Qatar would appear to be moving in the right direction, by developing a robust and balanced legal and economic system.</p>\r\n<em>Our <a href=\"https://www.tamimi.com/practice/intellectual-property/\">IP department</a> has a dedicated team of experienced practitioners, who can assist in a wide range of contentious and non-contentious matters related to IP, including legal protection, contractual matters and litigation. For more information about our IP services or if you wish to enquire more about the above reported developments, please contact the author or <a href=\"https://www.tamimi.com/lawyer/omar-obeidat/\">Omar Obeidat</a> (Partner &amp; Head of Intellectual Property) at <a href=\"mailto:o.obeidat@tamimi.com\">o.obeidat@tamimi.com</a>.</em>'),
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(307708, 29361, 'ReportText', '<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Qatar is taking extensive positive steps to improve its legislative system. This has been reflected in various new laws, regulations and amendments coming into force during the past year.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">In this article, we highlight some of the more interesting recent legislative changes.</p>&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<img class=\"aligncenter wp-image-8267 size-full\" src=\"https://www.tamimi.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/August-Edition-DPS_Page_31_Image_0002d.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1096\" height=\"310\" />&nbsp;\r\n<h3 dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Consumer Protection Law amendment released</h3>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Law Number 7 of 2018 amending Law 8 of 2008 on Consumer Protection was published in the Qatari Official Gazette Number 11 dated 4 July 2018.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">The amendment, as expected, imposes stricter administrative punishments, in addition to the existing administrative and criminal sanctions, which include imprisonment and/or fines.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">The amendment extends Article 18 bis, which is the provision that grants the Consumer Protection Department’s the authority to temporary close the infringing shop or place of business for a period not exceeding one month for the first violation, two months for the second violation, and three months for any further violations.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">In addition to publishing the closure decision on the Ministry’s website and in two daily newspapers, the amendment imposes a notice of violation to be placed on the offending shop or place of business alerting consumers to the reason of the closure being due to violations of the Consumer Protection Law.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">This amendment adds to the significant role of the Qatari Consumer Protection Department, by further publicising the violation to consumers, making the administrative action more effective and preventive.</p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h3 dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">The Issuance of the Patents Implementing Regulation</h3>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">The Patents Implementing Regulation Number 153 of 2018 was also published in the Qatari Official Gazette Number 11 dated 4 July 2018.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Patents in Qatar are governed by the provisions of Law Number 30 of 2006. This law has not been updated since its issuance, and was put into place without being accompanied by any implementing regulations.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">However, the recent developments, including the issuance of the long awaited implementing regulations, are in line with the Qatar National Vision 2030, including the national strategic plan improving IP enforcement and protection, and are assigned to a specialised committee in accordance with decision Number 45 of 2017. Accordingly, further improvements and regulations are also expected to be issued soon.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">The new patents implementing regulation specifies procedures related to registration of patents, including granting the Patent Office the authority to accept submission of supporting documents within a maximum six month period of filing a patent application. In case of non-compliance within the six month period, the patent application shall be considered abandoned, in accordance with Article 2 of the regulation.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">However, the maximum period granted by the Patent Office for filing supporting documents in cases of priority claims is three months, as per Article 3 of the regulation.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Article 8 of the regulations confirm that the Patent Office may use the assistance of experts in the relevant field within the examination process, and the applicant is to cover the cost of such experts.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">These regulations are expected to enhance the efficiency of the patent registration process in Qatar.</p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h3 dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\"></h3>\r\n<h3 dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Law on Competitiveness of National Products to be released</h3>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">In June 2018, Qatar’s Advisory Council discussed a draft law on supporting the competitiveness of national products and combating harmful practices in international trade. The draft law was referred to the Financial and Economic Affairs Committee for its examination and for the Committee to report back to the Council with their comments.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">The draft law confirms complying with Qatar’s international obligations as per the World Trade Organisation (WTO) Agreements signed by Qatar.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">This law also supports Qatar’s aim to achieve self-sufficiency and food security.</p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h3 dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Foreign investment and Trade - Agreements signed and further laws under discussion</h3>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Qatar launched direct maritime shipping lines with many counties including Kuwait, Oman, India, Pakistan, Turkey and Iraq, in addition to Jordan. This was in line with the entry into bilateral agreements with many countries with the aim of improving trade relationships and encouraging foreign investment.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Furthermore, Qatar has announced that the cabinet had approved draft legislation governing investment of non-Qatari capital in the economy. It is said that the legislation will replace Law No 13 from 2000 to further open up the country to foreign investment in all sectors with several exceptions. The draft under discussion was not disclosed, accordingly, the details of this amendment are still unconfirmed, and it is uncertain when this law will be issued.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Another law closely related to foreign investment is also expected to be released, administering ownership of real estate by non-Qatari citizens. The law is likely to define certain areas on which such ownership is permissible and the conditions to apply to the same, as well as granting heirs of the owner the same ownership rights after the death of the owner.</p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h3 dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Conclusion</h3>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Encouraging foreign investment is essential for economic development. By providing the needed legal tools to safeguard the interests of domestic industries, consumers, and foreign investors, Qatar would appear to be moving in the right direction, by developing a robust and balanced legal and economic system.</p>\r\n<em>Our <a href=\"https://www.tamimi.com/practice/intellectual-property/\">IP department</a> has a dedicated team of experienced practitioners, who can assist in a wide range of contentious and non-contentious matters related to IP, including legal protection, contractual matters and litigation. For more information about our IP services or if you wish to enquire more about the above reported developments, please contact the author or <a href=\"https://www.tamimi.com/lawyer/omar-obeidat/\">Omar Obeidat</a> (Partner &amp; Head of Intellectual Property) at <a href=\"mailto:o.obeidat@tamimi.com\">o.obeidat@tamimi.com</a>.</em>|<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Qatar is taking extensive positive steps to improve its legislative system. This has been reflected in various new laws, regulations and amendments coming into force during the past year.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">In this article, we highlight some of the more interesting recent legislative changes.</p>\r\n\r\n<img class=\"aligncenter wp-image-8267 size-full\" src=\"https://www.tamimi.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/August-Edition-DPS_Page_31_Image_0002d.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1096\" height=\"310\" /> &nbsp;\r\n&nbsp;<h3 dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Consumer Protection Law amendment released</h3>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Law Number 7 of 2018 amending Law 8 of 2008 on Consumer Protection was published in the Qatari Official Gazette Number 11 dated 4 July 2018.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">The amendment, as expected, imposes stricter administrative punishments, in addition to the existing administrative and criminal sanctions, which include imprisonment and/or fines.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">The amendment extends Article 18 bis, which is the provision that grants the Consumer Protection Department’s the authority to temporary close the infringing shop or place of business for a period not exceeding one month for the first violation, two months for the second violation, and three months for any further violations.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">In addition to publishing the closure decision on the Ministry’s website and in two daily newspapers, the amendment imposes a notice of violation to be placed on the offending shop or place of business alerting consumers to the reason of the closure being due to violations of the Consumer Protection Law.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">This amendment adds to the significant role of the Qatari Consumer Protection Department, by further publicising the violation to consumers, making the administrative action more effective and preventive.</p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h3 dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">The Issuance of the Patents Implementing Regulation</h3>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">The Patents Implementing Regulation Number 153 of 2018 was also published in the Qatari Official Gazette Number 11 dated 4 July 2018.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Patents in Qatar are governed by the provisions of Law Number 30 of 2006. This law has not been updated since its issuance, and was put into place without being accompanied by any implementing regulations.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">However, the recent developments, including the issuance of the long awaited implementing regulations, are in line with the Qatar National Vision 2030, including the national strategic plan improving IP enforcement and protection, and are assigned to a specialised committee in accordance with decision Number 45 of 2017. Accordingly, further improvements and regulations are also expected to be issued soon.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">The new patents implementing regulation specifies procedures related to registration of patents, including granting the Patent Office the authority to accept submission of supporting documents within a maximum six month period of filing a patent application. In case of non-compliance within the six month period, the patent application shall be considered abandoned, in accordance with Article 2 of the regulation.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">However, the maximum period granted by the Patent Office for filing supporting documents in cases of priority claims is three months, as per Article 3 of the regulation.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Article 8 of the regulations confirm that the Patent Office may use the assistance of experts in the relevant field within the examination process, and the applicant is to cover the cost of such experts.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">These regulations are expected to enhance the efficiency of the patent registration process in Qatar.</p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h3 dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\"></h3>\r\n<h3 dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Law on Competitiveness of National Products to be released</h3>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">In June 2018, Qatar’s Advisory Council discussed a draft law on supporting the competitiveness of national products and combating harmful practices in international trade. The draft law was referred to the Financial and Economic Affairs Committee for its examination and for the Committee to report back to the Council with their comments.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">The draft law confirms complying with Qatar’s international obligations as per the World Trade Organisation (WTO) Agreements signed by Qatar.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">This law also supports Qatar’s aim to achieve self-sufficiency and food security.</p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h3 dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Foreign investment and Trade - Agreements signed and further laws under discussion</h3>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Qatar launched direct maritime shipping lines with many counties including Kuwait, Oman, India, Pakistan, Turkey and Iraq, in addition to Jordan. This was in line with the entry into bilateral agreements with many countries with the aim of improving trade relationships and encouraging foreign investment.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Furthermore, Qatar has announced that the cabinet had approved draft legislation governing investment of non-Qatari capital in the economy. It is said that the legislation will replace Law No 13 from 2000 to further open up the country to foreign investment in all sectors with several exceptions. The draft under discussion was not disclosed, accordingly, the details of this amendment are still unconfirmed, and it is uncertain when this law will be issued.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Another law closely related to foreign investment is also expected to be released, administering ownership of real estate by non-Qatari citizens. The law is likely to define certain areas on which such ownership is permissible and the conditions to apply to the same, as well as granting heirs of the owner the same ownership rights after the death of the owner.</p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h3 dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Conclusion</h3>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Encouraging foreign investment is essential for economic development. By providing the needed legal tools to safeguard the interests of domestic industries, consumers, and foreign investors, Qatar would appear to be moving in the right direction, by developing a robust and balanced legal and economic system.</p>\r\n<em>Our <a href=\"https://www.tamimi.com/practice/intellectual-property/\">IP department</a> has a dedicated team of experienced practitioners, who can assist in a wide range of contentious and non-contentious matters related to IP, including legal protection, contractual matters and litigation. For more information about our IP services or if you wish to enquire more about the above reported developments, please contact the author or <a href=\"https://www.tamimi.com/lawyer/omar-obeidat/\">Omar Obeidat</a> (Partner &amp; Head of Intellectual Property) at <a href=\"mailto:o.obeidat@tamimi.com\">o.obeidat@tamimi.com</a>.</em>'),
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(307770, 29367, 'MetaValueNew', '<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Qatar is taking extensive positive steps to improve its legislative system. This has been reflected in various new laws, regulations and amendments coming into force during the past year.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">In this article, we highlight some of the more interesting recent legislative changes.</p>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;<img class=\"aligncenter wp-image-8267 size-full\" src=\"https://www.tamimi.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/August-Edition-DPS_Page_31_Image_0002d.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1096\" height=\"310\" /> &nbsp;\r\n&nbsp;<h3 dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Consumer Protection Law amendment released</h3>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Law Number 7 of 2018 amending Law 8 of 2008 on Consumer Protection was published in the Qatari Official Gazette Number 11 dated 4 July 2018.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">The amendment, as expected, imposes stricter administrative punishments, in addition to the existing administrative and criminal sanctions, which include imprisonment and/or fines.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">The amendment extends Article 18 bis, which is the provision that grants the Consumer Protection Department’s the authority to temporary close the infringing shop or place of business for a period not exceeding one month for the first violation, two months for the second violation, and three months for any further violations.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">In addition to publishing the closure decision on the Ministry’s website and in two daily newspapers, the amendment imposes a notice of violation to be placed on the offending shop or place of business alerting consumers to the reason of the closure being due to violations of the Consumer Protection Law.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">This amendment adds to the significant role of the Qatari Consumer Protection Department, by further publicising the violation to consumers, making the administrative action more effective and preventive.</p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h3 dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">The Issuance of the Patents Implementing Regulation</h3>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">The Patents Implementing Regulation Number 153 of 2018 was also published in the Qatari Official Gazette Number 11 dated 4 July 2018.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Patents in Qatar are governed by the provisions of Law Number 30 of 2006. This law has not been updated since its issuance, and was put into place without being accompanied by any implementing regulations.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">However, the recent developments, including the issuance of the long awaited implementing regulations, are in line with the Qatar National Vision 2030, including the national strategic plan improving IP enforcement and protection, and are assigned to a specialised committee in accordance with decision Number 45 of 2017. Accordingly, further improvements and regulations are also expected to be issued soon.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">The new patents implementing regulation specifies procedures related to registration of patents, including granting the Patent Office the authority to accept submission of supporting documents within a maximum six month period of filing a patent application. In case of non-compliance within the six month period, the patent application shall be considered abandoned, in accordance with Article 2 of the regulation.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">However, the maximum period granted by the Patent Office for filing supporting documents in cases of priority claims is three months, as per Article 3 of the regulation.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Article 8 of the regulations confirm that the Patent Office may use the assistance of experts in the relevant field within the examination process, and the applicant is to cover the cost of such experts.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">These regulations are expected to enhance the efficiency of the patent registration process in Qatar.</p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h3 dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\"></h3>\r\n<h3 dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Law on Competitiveness of National Products to be released</h3>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">In June 2018, Qatar’s Advisory Council discussed a draft law on supporting the competitiveness of national products and combating harmful practices in international trade. The draft law was referred to the Financial and Economic Affairs Committee for its examination and for the Committee to report back to the Council with their comments.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">The draft law confirms complying with Qatar’s international obligations as per the World Trade Organisation (WTO) Agreements signed by Qatar.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">This law also supports Qatar’s aim to achieve self-sufficiency and food security.</p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h3 dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Foreign investment and Trade - Agreements signed and further laws under discussion</h3>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Qatar launched direct maritime shipping lines with many counties including Kuwait, Oman, India, Pakistan, Turkey and Iraq, in addition to Jordan. This was in line with the entry into bilateral agreements with many countries with the aim of improving trade relationships and encouraging foreign investment.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Furthermore, Qatar has announced that the cabinet had approved draft legislation governing investment of non-Qatari capital in the economy. It is said that the legislation will replace Law No 13 from 2000 to further open up the country to foreign investment in all sectors with several exceptions. The draft under discussion was not disclosed, accordingly, the details of this amendment are still unconfirmed, and it is uncertain when this law will be issued.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Another law closely related to foreign investment is also expected to be released, administering ownership of real estate by non-Qatari citizens. The law is likely to define certain areas on which such ownership is permissible and the conditions to apply to the same, as well as granting heirs of the owner the same ownership rights after the death of the owner.</p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h3 dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Conclusion</h3>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Encouraging foreign investment is essential for economic development. By providing the needed legal tools to safeguard the interests of domestic industries, consumers, and foreign investors, Qatar would appear to be moving in the right direction, by developing a robust and balanced legal and economic system.</p>\r\n<em>Our <a href=\"https://www.tamimi.com/practice/intellectual-property/\">IP department</a> has a dedicated team of experienced practitioners, who can assist in a wide range of contentious and non-contentious matters related to IP, including legal protection, contractual matters and litigation. For more information about our IP services or if you wish to enquire more about the above reported developments, please contact the author or <a href=\"https://www.tamimi.com/lawyer/omar-obeidat/\">Omar Obeidat</a> (Partner &amp; Head of Intellectual Property) at <a href=\"mailto:o.obeidat@tamimi.com\">o.obeidat@tamimi.com</a>.</em>'),
(307771, 29367, 'MetaValueOld', '<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Qatar is taking extensive positive steps to improve its legislative system. This has been reflected in various new laws, regulations and amendments coming into force during the past year.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">In this article, we highlight some of the more interesting recent legislative changes.</p>\r\n\r\n<img class=\"aligncenter wp-image-8267 size-full\" src=\"https://www.tamimi.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/August-Edition-DPS_Page_31_Image_0002d.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1096\" height=\"310\" /> &nbsp;\r\n&nbsp;<h3 dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Consumer Protection Law amendment released</h3>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Law Number 7 of 2018 amending Law 8 of 2008 on Consumer Protection was published in the Qatari Official Gazette Number 11 dated 4 July 2018.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">The amendment, as expected, imposes stricter administrative punishments, in addition to the existing administrative and criminal sanctions, which include imprisonment and/or fines.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">The amendment extends Article 18 bis, which is the provision that grants the Consumer Protection Department’s the authority to temporary close the infringing shop or place of business for a period not exceeding one month for the first violation, two months for the second violation, and three months for any further violations.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">In addition to publishing the closure decision on the Ministry’s website and in two daily newspapers, the amendment imposes a notice of violation to be placed on the offending shop or place of business alerting consumers to the reason of the closure being due to violations of the Consumer Protection Law.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">This amendment adds to the significant role of the Qatari Consumer Protection Department, by further publicising the violation to consumers, making the administrative action more effective and preventive.</p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h3 dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">The Issuance of the Patents Implementing Regulation</h3>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">The Patents Implementing Regulation Number 153 of 2018 was also published in the Qatari Official Gazette Number 11 dated 4 July 2018.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Patents in Qatar are governed by the provisions of Law Number 30 of 2006. This law has not been updated since its issuance, and was put into place without being accompanied by any implementing regulations.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">However, the recent developments, including the issuance of the long awaited implementing regulations, are in line with the Qatar National Vision 2030, including the national strategic plan improving IP enforcement and protection, and are assigned to a specialised committee in accordance with decision Number 45 of 2017. Accordingly, further improvements and regulations are also expected to be issued soon.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">The new patents implementing regulation specifies procedures related to registration of patents, including granting the Patent Office the authority to accept submission of supporting documents within a maximum six month period of filing a patent application. In case of non-compliance within the six month period, the patent application shall be considered abandoned, in accordance with Article 2 of the regulation.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">However, the maximum period granted by the Patent Office for filing supporting documents in cases of priority claims is three months, as per Article 3 of the regulation.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Article 8 of the regulations confirm that the Patent Office may use the assistance of experts in the relevant field within the examination process, and the applicant is to cover the cost of such experts.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">These regulations are expected to enhance the efficiency of the patent registration process in Qatar.</p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h3 dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\"></h3>\r\n<h3 dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Law on Competitiveness of National Products to be released</h3>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">In June 2018, Qatar’s Advisory Council discussed a draft law on supporting the competitiveness of national products and combating harmful practices in international trade. The draft law was referred to the Financial and Economic Affairs Committee for its examination and for the Committee to report back to the Council with their comments.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">The draft law confirms complying with Qatar’s international obligations as per the World Trade Organisation (WTO) Agreements signed by Qatar.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">This law also supports Qatar’s aim to achieve self-sufficiency and food security.</p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h3 dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Foreign investment and Trade - Agreements signed and further laws under discussion</h3>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Qatar launched direct maritime shipping lines with many counties including Kuwait, Oman, India, Pakistan, Turkey and Iraq, in addition to Jordan. This was in line with the entry into bilateral agreements with many countries with the aim of improving trade relationships and encouraging foreign investment.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Furthermore, Qatar has announced that the cabinet had approved draft legislation governing investment of non-Qatari capital in the economy. It is said that the legislation will replace Law No 13 from 2000 to further open up the country to foreign investment in all sectors with several exceptions. The draft under discussion was not disclosed, accordingly, the details of this amendment are still unconfirmed, and it is uncertain when this law will be issued.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Another law closely related to foreign investment is also expected to be released, administering ownership of real estate by non-Qatari citizens. The law is likely to define certain areas on which such ownership is permissible and the conditions to apply to the same, as well as granting heirs of the owner the same ownership rights after the death of the owner.</p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h3 dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Conclusion</h3>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Encouraging foreign investment is essential for economic development. By providing the needed legal tools to safeguard the interests of domestic industries, consumers, and foreign investors, Qatar would appear to be moving in the right direction, by developing a robust and balanced legal and economic system.</p>\r\n<em>Our <a href=\"https://www.tamimi.com/practice/intellectual-property/\">IP department</a> has a dedicated team of experienced practitioners, who can assist in a wide range of contentious and non-contentious matters related to IP, including legal protection, contractual matters and litigation. For more information about our IP services or if you wish to enquire more about the above reported developments, please contact the author or <a href=\"https://www.tamimi.com/lawyer/omar-obeidat/\">Omar Obeidat</a> (Partner &amp; Head of Intellectual Property) at <a href=\"mailto:o.obeidat@tamimi.com\">o.obeidat@tamimi.com</a>.</em>'),
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(307774, 29367, 'ReportText', '<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Qatar is taking extensive positive steps to improve its legislative system. This has been reflected in various new laws, regulations and amendments coming into force during the past year.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">In this article, we highlight some of the more interesting recent legislative changes.</p>\r\n\r\n<img class=\"aligncenter wp-image-8267 size-full\" src=\"https://www.tamimi.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/August-Edition-DPS_Page_31_Image_0002d.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1096\" height=\"310\" /> &nbsp;\r\n&nbsp;<h3 dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Consumer Protection Law amendment released</h3>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Law Number 7 of 2018 amending Law 8 of 2008 on Consumer Protection was published in the Qatari Official Gazette Number 11 dated 4 July 2018.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">The amendment, as expected, imposes stricter administrative punishments, in addition to the existing administrative and criminal sanctions, which include imprisonment and/or fines.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">The amendment extends Article 18 bis, which is the provision that grants the Consumer Protection Department’s the authority to temporary close the infringing shop or place of business for a period not exceeding one month for the first violation, two months for the second violation, and three months for any further violations.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">In addition to publishing the closure decision on the Ministry’s website and in two daily newspapers, the amendment imposes a notice of violation to be placed on the offending shop or place of business alerting consumers to the reason of the closure being due to violations of the Consumer Protection Law.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">This amendment adds to the significant role of the Qatari Consumer Protection Department, by further publicising the violation to consumers, making the administrative action more effective and preventive.</p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h3 dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">The Issuance of the Patents Implementing Regulation</h3>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">The Patents Implementing Regulation Number 153 of 2018 was also published in the Qatari Official Gazette Number 11 dated 4 July 2018.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Patents in Qatar are governed by the provisions of Law Number 30 of 2006. This law has not been updated since its issuance, and was put into place without being accompanied by any implementing regulations.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">However, the recent developments, including the issuance of the long awaited implementing regulations, are in line with the Qatar National Vision 2030, including the national strategic plan improving IP enforcement and protection, and are assigned to a specialised committee in accordance with decision Number 45 of 2017. Accordingly, further improvements and regulations are also expected to be issued soon.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">The new patents implementing regulation specifies procedures related to registration of patents, including granting the Patent Office the authority to accept submission of supporting documents within a maximum six month period of filing a patent application. In case of non-compliance within the six month period, the patent application shall be considered abandoned, in accordance with Article 2 of the regulation.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">However, the maximum period granted by the Patent Office for filing supporting documents in cases of priority claims is three months, as per Article 3 of the regulation.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Article 8 of the regulations confirm that the Patent Office may use the assistance of experts in the relevant field within the examination process, and the applicant is to cover the cost of such experts.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">These regulations are expected to enhance the efficiency of the patent registration process in Qatar.</p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h3 dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\"></h3>\r\n<h3 dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Law on Competitiveness of National Products to be released</h3>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">In June 2018, Qatar’s Advisory Council discussed a draft law on supporting the competitiveness of national products and combating harmful practices in international trade. The draft law was referred to the Financial and Economic Affairs Committee for its examination and for the Committee to report back to the Council with their comments.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">The draft law confirms complying with Qatar’s international obligations as per the World Trade Organisation (WTO) Agreements signed by Qatar.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">This law also supports Qatar’s aim to achieve self-sufficiency and food security.</p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h3 dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Foreign investment and Trade - Agreements signed and further laws under discussion</h3>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Qatar launched direct maritime shipping lines with many counties including Kuwait, Oman, India, Pakistan, Turkey and Iraq, in addition to Jordan. This was in line with the entry into bilateral agreements with many countries with the aim of improving trade relationships and encouraging foreign investment.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Furthermore, Qatar has announced that the cabinet had approved draft legislation governing investment of non-Qatari capital in the economy. It is said that the legislation will replace Law No 13 from 2000 to further open up the country to foreign investment in all sectors with several exceptions. The draft under discussion was not disclosed, accordingly, the details of this amendment are still unconfirmed, and it is uncertain when this law will be issued.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Another law closely related to foreign investment is also expected to be released, administering ownership of real estate by non-Qatari citizens. The law is likely to define certain areas on which such ownership is permissible and the conditions to apply to the same, as well as granting heirs of the owner the same ownership rights after the death of the owner.</p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h3 dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Conclusion</h3>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Encouraging foreign investment is essential for economic development. By providing the needed legal tools to safeguard the interests of domestic industries, consumers, and foreign investors, Qatar would appear to be moving in the right direction, by developing a robust and balanced legal and economic system.</p>\r\n<em>Our <a href=\"https://www.tamimi.com/practice/intellectual-property/\">IP department</a> has a dedicated team of experienced practitioners, who can assist in a wide range of contentious and non-contentious matters related to IP, including legal protection, contractual matters and litigation. For more information about our IP services or if you wish to enquire more about the above reported developments, please contact the author or <a href=\"https://www.tamimi.com/lawyer/omar-obeidat/\">Omar Obeidat</a> (Partner &amp; Head of Intellectual Property) at <a href=\"mailto:o.obeidat@tamimi.com\">o.obeidat@tamimi.com</a>.</em>|<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Qatar is taking extensive positive steps to improve its legislative system. This has been reflected in various new laws, regulations and amendments coming into force during the past year.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">In this article, we highlight some of the more interesting recent legislative changes.</p>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;<img class=\"aligncenter wp-image-8267 size-full\" src=\"https://www.tamimi.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/August-Edition-DPS_Page_31_Image_0002d.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1096\" height=\"310\" /> &nbsp;\r\n&nbsp;<h3 dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Consumer Protection Law amendment released</h3>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Law Number 7 of 2018 amending Law 8 of 2008 on Consumer Protection was published in the Qatari Official Gazette Number 11 dated 4 July 2018.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">The amendment, as expected, imposes stricter administrative punishments, in addition to the existing administrative and criminal sanctions, which include imprisonment and/or fines.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">The amendment extends Article 18 bis, which is the provision that grants the Consumer Protection Department’s the authority to temporary close the infringing shop or place of business for a period not exceeding one month for the first violation, two months for the second violation, and three months for any further violations.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">In addition to publishing the closure decision on the Ministry’s website and in two daily newspapers, the amendment imposes a notice of violation to be placed on the offending shop or place of business alerting consumers to the reason of the closure being due to violations of the Consumer Protection Law.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">This amendment adds to the significant role of the Qatari Consumer Protection Department, by further publicising the violation to consumers, making the administrative action more effective and preventive.</p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h3 dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">The Issuance of the Patents Implementing Regulation</h3>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">The Patents Implementing Regulation Number 153 of 2018 was also published in the Qatari Official Gazette Number 11 dated 4 July 2018.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Patents in Qatar are governed by the provisions of Law Number 30 of 2006. This law has not been updated since its issuance, and was put into place without being accompanied by any implementing regulations.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">However, the recent developments, including the issuance of the long awaited implementing regulations, are in line with the Qatar National Vision 2030, including the national strategic plan improving IP enforcement and protection, and are assigned to a specialised committee in accordance with decision Number 45 of 2017. Accordingly, further improvements and regulations are also expected to be issued soon.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">The new patents implementing regulation specifies procedures related to registration of patents, including granting the Patent Office the authority to accept submission of supporting documents within a maximum six month period of filing a patent application. In case of non-compliance within the six month period, the patent application shall be considered abandoned, in accordance with Article 2 of the regulation.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">However, the maximum period granted by the Patent Office for filing supporting documents in cases of priority claims is three months, as per Article 3 of the regulation.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Article 8 of the regulations confirm that the Patent Office may use the assistance of experts in the relevant field within the examination process, and the applicant is to cover the cost of such experts.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">These regulations are expected to enhance the efficiency of the patent registration process in Qatar.</p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h3 dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\"></h3>\r\n<h3 dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Law on Competitiveness of National Products to be released</h3>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">In June 2018, Qatar’s Advisory Council discussed a draft law on supporting the competitiveness of national products and combating harmful practices in international trade. The draft law was referred to the Financial and Economic Affairs Committee for its examination and for the Committee to report back to the Council with their comments.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">The draft law confirms complying with Qatar’s international obligations as per the World Trade Organisation (WTO) Agreements signed by Qatar.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">This law also supports Qatar’s aim to achieve self-sufficiency and food security.</p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h3 dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Foreign investment and Trade - Agreements signed and further laws under discussion</h3>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Qatar launched direct maritime shipping lines with many counties including Kuwait, Oman, India, Pakistan, Turkey and Iraq, in addition to Jordan. This was in line with the entry into bilateral agreements with many countries with the aim of improving trade relationships and encouraging foreign investment.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Furthermore, Qatar has announced that the cabinet had approved draft legislation governing investment of non-Qatari capital in the economy. It is said that the legislation will replace Law No 13 from 2000 to further open up the country to foreign investment in all sectors with several exceptions. The draft under discussion was not disclosed, accordingly, the details of this amendment are still unconfirmed, and it is uncertain when this law will be issued.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Another law closely related to foreign investment is also expected to be released, administering ownership of real estate by non-Qatari citizens. The law is likely to define certain areas on which such ownership is permissible and the conditions to apply to the same, as well as granting heirs of the owner the same ownership rights after the death of the owner.</p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h3 dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Conclusion</h3>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Encouraging foreign investment is essential for economic development. By providing the needed legal tools to safeguard the interests of domestic industries, consumers, and foreign investors, Qatar would appear to be moving in the right direction, by developing a robust and balanced legal and economic system.</p>\r\n<em>Our <a href=\"https://www.tamimi.com/practice/intellectual-property/\">IP department</a> has a dedicated team of experienced practitioners, who can assist in a wide range of contentious and non-contentious matters related to IP, including legal protection, contractual matters and litigation. For more information about our IP services or if you wish to enquire more about the above reported developments, please contact the author or <a href=\"https://www.tamimi.com/lawyer/omar-obeidat/\">Omar Obeidat</a> (Partner &amp; Head of Intellectual Property) at <a href=\"mailto:o.obeidat@tamimi.com\">o.obeidat@tamimi.com</a>.</em>'),
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(307824, 29371, 'MetaValueNew', '<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Qatar is taking extensive positive steps to improve its legislative system. This has been reflected in various new laws, regulations and amendments coming into force during the past year.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">In this article, we highlight some of the more interesting recent legislative changes.</p> &nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;<img class=\"aligncenter wp-image-8267 size-full\" src=\"https://www.tamimi.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/August-Edition-DPS_Page_31_Image_0002d.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1096\" height=\"310\" /> &nbsp;\r\n&nbsp;<h3 dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Consumer Protection Law amendment released</h3>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Law Number 7 of 2018 amending Law 8 of 2008 on Consumer Protection was published in the Qatari Official Gazette Number 11 dated 4 July 2018.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">The amendment, as expected, imposes stricter administrative punishments, in addition to the existing administrative and criminal sanctions, which include imprisonment and/or fines.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">The amendment extends Article 18 bis, which is the provision that grants the Consumer Protection Department’s the authority to temporary close the infringing shop or place of business for a period not exceeding one month for the first violation, two months for the second violation, and three months for any further violations.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">In addition to publishing the closure decision on the Ministry’s website and in two daily newspapers, the amendment imposes a notice of violation to be placed on the offending shop or place of business alerting consumers to the reason of the closure being due to violations of the Consumer Protection Law.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">This amendment adds to the significant role of the Qatari Consumer Protection Department, by further publicising the violation to consumers, making the administrative action more effective and preventive.</p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h3 dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">The Issuance of the Patents Implementing Regulation</h3>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">The Patents Implementing Regulation Number 153 of 2018 was also published in the Qatari Official Gazette Number 11 dated 4 July 2018.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Patents in Qatar are governed by the provisions of Law Number 30 of 2006. This law has not been updated since its issuance, and was put into place without being accompanied by any implementing regulations.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">However, the recent developments, including the issuance of the long awaited implementing regulations, are in line with the Qatar National Vision 2030, including the national strategic plan improving IP enforcement and protection, and are assigned to a specialised committee in accordance with decision Number 45 of 2017. Accordingly, further improvements and regulations are also expected to be issued soon.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">The new patents implementing regulation specifies procedures related to registration of patents, including granting the Patent Office the authority to accept submission of supporting documents within a maximum six month period of filing a patent application. In case of non-compliance within the six month period, the patent application shall be considered abandoned, in accordance with Article 2 of the regulation.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">However, the maximum period granted by the Patent Office for filing supporting documents in cases of priority claims is three months, as per Article 3 of the regulation.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Article 8 of the regulations confirm that the Patent Office may use the assistance of experts in the relevant field within the examination process, and the applicant is to cover the cost of such experts.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">These regulations are expected to enhance the efficiency of the patent registration process in Qatar.</p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h3 dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\"></h3>\r\n<h3 dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Law on Competitiveness of National Products to be released</h3>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">In June 2018, Qatar’s Advisory Council discussed a draft law on supporting the competitiveness of national products and combating harmful practices in international trade. The draft law was referred to the Financial and Economic Affairs Committee for its examination and for the Committee to report back to the Council with their comments.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">The draft law confirms complying with Qatar’s international obligations as per the World Trade Organisation (WTO) Agreements signed by Qatar.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">This law also supports Qatar’s aim to achieve self-sufficiency and food security.</p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h3 dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Foreign investment and Trade - Agreements signed and further laws under discussion</h3>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Qatar launched direct maritime shipping lines with many counties including Kuwait, Oman, India, Pakistan, Turkey and Iraq, in addition to Jordan. This was in line with the entry into bilateral agreements with many countries with the aim of improving trade relationships and encouraging foreign investment.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Furthermore, Qatar has announced that the cabinet had approved draft legislation governing investment of non-Qatari capital in the economy. It is said that the legislation will replace Law No 13 from 2000 to further open up the country to foreign investment in all sectors with several exceptions. The draft under discussion was not disclosed, accordingly, the details of this amendment are still unconfirmed, and it is uncertain when this law will be issued.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Another law closely related to foreign investment is also expected to be released, administering ownership of real estate by non-Qatari citizens. The law is likely to define certain areas on which such ownership is permissible and the conditions to apply to the same, as well as granting heirs of the owner the same ownership rights after the death of the owner.</p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h3 dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Conclusion</h3>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Encouraging foreign investment is essential for economic development. By providing the needed legal tools to safeguard the interests of domestic industries, consumers, and foreign investors, Qatar would appear to be moving in the right direction, by developing a robust and balanced legal and economic system.</p>\r\n<em>Our <a href=\"https://www.tamimi.com/practice/intellectual-property/\">IP department</a> has a dedicated team of experienced practitioners, who can assist in a wide range of contentious and non-contentious matters related to IP, including legal protection, contractual matters and litigation. For more information about our IP services or if you wish to enquire more about the above reported developments, please contact the author or <a href=\"https://www.tamimi.com/lawyer/omar-obeidat/\">Omar Obeidat</a> (Partner &amp; Head of Intellectual Property) at <a href=\"mailto:o.obeidat@tamimi.com\">o.obeidat@tamimi.com</a>.</em>');
