INSERT INTO `tm_wsal_metadata` (`id`, `occurrence_id`, `name`, `value`) VALUES
(292190, 28073, 'MetaValueNew', '<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">The recent headlines about fake degrees have caused shockwaves in the region. In this article we look at the phenomenon from a regional perspective, the legal issues and the ramifications.</p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h3 dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Diploma Mill</h3>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">The phenomenon of fake diplomas production dates back to Middle Ages in France and Italy. The concept is known as \"diploma mill\" or a \"degree mill\" and refers to a non-accredited company that declares itself as a higher educational institution and awards worthless degrees for a certain fee. In some cases, diploma mills may claim to give credits for \"relevant life experience\", whereas in other cases the victims of the scam may have to pass online exams and write term papers thereby creating an impression of real education. To strengthen their position, diploma mills closely cooperate with accreditation mills, set up for the purpose of providing an appearance of authenticity.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">In some cases the student knows he is buying a fake degree and in others the student is an unwitting victim of a scam.</p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h3 dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Catch me if you can</h3>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">In 2015 the <em>New York Times</em> published a report exposing a global scam developed by company in Pakistan which had sold thousands of diplomas of non-existing universities through a complex web of 370 websites including school sites, fake accreditation bodies, recruitment agencies, language schools and even a law firm. Apparently the firm was generating millions of dollars every month.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Among the more alarming revelations was that the company sold aeronautical degrees to airline employees, medical degrees to hospital workers, engineering degrees to site workers and law degrees to dropped out students.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">According to the report, more than 3,000 people in the Middle East hold degrees from bogus universities from this company.</p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h3 dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">KSA</h3>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">In Saudi Arabia the sectors that appear to be most affected by fake degrees are healthcare and construction. According to the Saudi Commission for Health Specialties 3,755 forgery cases involving health practitioners were revealed, with 57 physicians being arrested and prosecuted. The Saudi Council of Engineers detected 2,294 fake engineering certificates held by individuals applying to work in the Kingdom.</p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h3 dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Qatar</h3>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">When the scandal broke out, the government reacted immediately by introducing new regulations, according to which graduates of foreign universities were required to obtain a letter from their institutions confirming specific details about their courses before receiving approval for a residence permit. Moreover, the companies were prohibited to hire people who have studied for all or part of their degrees online.</p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h3 dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Kuwait</h3>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">The forged degrees scandal came only a few weeks after the government issued a new regulation requiring all engineers in Kuwait to be registered and certified by the Kuwait Engineering Society. Kuwaiti authorities decided to tackle the problem from several angles:</p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n 	<li dir=\"LTR\">Kuwaiti Ministry of Foreign Affairs offices abroad have been warned not to approve any university degrees without coordinating first with the Kuwaiti National Accreditation Bureau;</li>\r\n 	<li dir=\"LTR\">the Health Minister has ordered the formation of a special committee to examine and validate university postgraduate degrees of Ministry of Health employees including both Kuwaiti and expat doctors, nurses, pharmacists, technicians and administrative staff members;</li>\r\n 	<li dir=\"LTR\">the Ministry of Higher Education has started collaboration with the Ministry of Interior to scrutinize suspect certificates;</li>\r\n 	<li dir=\"LTR\">parliamentarians have submitted draft legislation on how to combat this crime in a more effective way as well as proposals for legal action to be undertaken against wrongdoers (such as corrective measures against promotions or wage raises); and</li>\r\n 	<li dir=\"LTR\">criminal cases are moving towards trial against accused violator and some have already been convicted. Moreover, five people suspected of holding fake university degrees have been jailed pending investigation and trial and 45 others are under investigation.</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h3 dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">UAE</h3>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">The government introduced a preventive measure for potential victims of this fraud by publishing a list of genuine universities which provide online education, whose degrees are recognised and will be accredited in the UAE. The list can be found on Ministry of Education website, so every resident who wants to enroll for distance learning course can check his preferred university for authenticity.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">It has been reported that expats found to be using fake degrees will face a life ban from working in the UAE.</p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h3 dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Worldwide</h3>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">The concept of fake degrees is a global phenomenon. In the last few weeks a US Republican party candidate has admitted to posing with a fake diploma. In United Kingdom, the police had to re-examine 700 cases that a falsely credentialed police criminologist had worked on. In Australia police had to investigate a sophisticated Chinese forgery business charging thousands of dollars for fake degrees and diplomas from nearly 100 of Australia’s leading institutions.</p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h3 dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Criminal law considerations</h3>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">The concept of issuing and using a fake degree constitutes a crime in every GCC jurisdiction. The type of crime and punishment, however, differs from country to country. In most cases the authorities rely on regulations related to fraud, forgery and misrepresentation when dealing with fake degrees.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">By way of example the punishment in KSA for forgery and misrepresentation in different cases will vary from fines in the range of SAR 300,000-700,000 and imprisonment for the period from one to seven years, followed by (in respect of non-nationals) deportation and a life ban from entering KSA. Whereas in the UAE the convicted shall be sentenced to up to ten years of imprisonment.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">In respect of government employees the sanctions are generally more severe.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">The novelty of this phenomenon, the diversity of its variations and wide range of consequences means that the authorities are now looking at putting in place specific laws (or sections of laws) that deal with fake degrees (as opposed to fraud/forgery/misrepresentation generally).</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">The general principle in criminal law is that the accused must have had intent to commit a crime. Therefore those unwitting students who were victims of a scam may not face criminal sanction; obviously the court would consider whether a person in the accused’s position, using reasonable judgement, would have considered the university to be genuine.</p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h3 dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Employment law considerations</h3>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Background checks</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">From a risk management point of view an employer should carry out background checks prior to commencement of employment in order to establish the candidate’s academic credentials. This is not as easy as it might sound; in many cases employers outsource this task to a specialist company. Some employers would do this as part of a wider background check in relation to criminal records etc. It goes without saying that where the employer is an educational institution itself then this is an area of huge potential risk and deserves the commensurate focus.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">It is also possible to check the authenticity of credentials by contacting the Commission for Academic Accreditation and/or Ministry of Education.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">As regards existing employees, the employer may consider background checking employees in sensitive positions to ensure they hold the necessary accreditation.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">The <em>New York Times</em> has published a list of bogus universities and it is not difficult to search for ‘graduates’ of such universities via social media, so an employer could quickly establish if any of its existing employees fall into this category.</p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\"><em>Vicarious liability</em></p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Employers are in a high risk group when it comes to damages indirectly caused by fake degrees. The concept of vicarious liability is one that can make an employer liable for the actions of an employee carried out in the course of their employment.</p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\"><em>Termination</em></p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Offers of employment are generally conditional upon verification of academic references, failing which the offer is withdrawn. Where the employee is already in the job for some time and it becomes apparent that his degree is fake then the employer could terminate him for gross misconduct. In all the GCC countries there is a provision in the labour law to this effect. That termination would be without notice and without end of service gratuity.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">The employee would be entitled to due process; i.e. he would be entitled to state his defence to the allegation. He may be able to prove that he was an innocent victim in which case the employer would have to decide the appropriate action to take. In some cases it will be irrelevant whether the employee was an unwitting victim or not; i.e. his position absolutely requires him to hold a degree/diploma- e.g. doctor, nurse, engineer etc. In other cases the degree may have been preferable but not mandatory - e.g. sales manager - in which case the employer may decide to retain him as he has performed the job well over the years.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">In all gross misconduct terminations legal advice should be sought as there may be other factors to consider (was the degree the primary documentation relied on by the employer? Did the employer become informally aware of the fake degree previously? etc).</p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h3 dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\"></h3>\r\n<h3 dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Children of Tomorrow</h3>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\"></p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Children of Tomorrow is a project launched by Al Tamimi and aimed at raising awareness of child rights at every school in the UAE- public and private.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">We have prepared a video - in both Arabic and English - for distribution to all schools and which provides practical advice in relation to the topic of child safety including:</p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n 	<li dir=\"LTR\">the legal consequences if a child is harmed or if a minor commits a crime;</li>\r\n 	<li dir=\"LTR\">what should teachers/staff do if they find signs of abuse, a state of emergency or medical condition;</li>\r\n 	<li dir=\"LTR\">reporting generally;</li>\r\n 	<li dir=\"LTR\">handling situations where a child accesses inappropriate materials shared on WhatsApp/internet etc.</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">The video will be launched in October and will be followed up with a number of seminars where teachers/schools/stakeholders can ask questions in person.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">If you would like to find out more about this initiative please email us at <a href=\"mailto:a.ponomarova@tamimi.com\">a.ponomarova@tamimi.com</a>.</p>\r\nWith thanks to the authorities and schools who have given us tremendous support with this initiative.\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h3 dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Conclusion</h3>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">The fake degree story has just begun and it has a long way to go before its full effects are felt. Employers and regulators are on red alert and need to remain vigilant. Background checking of employees in sensitive positions who are required to hold academic qualifications is an absolute must and failure to do so could lead to the employer being vicariously liable for damage done by that employee as well as obvious reputational harm to the company.</p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nAl Tamimi &amp; Company’s <a href=\"https://www.tamimi.com/sectors/education/\">Education team</a> supports education providers on all legal aspects of their operations. For further information please contact <a href=\"https://www.tamimi.com/lawyer/ivor-mcgettigan/\">Ivor McGettigan</a> (<a href=\"mailto:i.mcgettigan@tamimi.com\">i.mcgettigan@tamimi.com</a>).'),
(292191, 28073, 'MetaValueOld', '<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">The recent headlines about fake degrees have caused shockwaves in the region. In this article we look at the phenomenon from a regional perspective, the legal issues and the ramifications.</p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h3 dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Diploma Mill</h3>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">The phenomenon of fake diplomas production dates back to Middle Ages in France and Italy. The concept is known as \"diploma mill\" or a \"degree mill\" and refers to a non-accredited company that declares itself as a higher educational institution and awards worthless degrees for a certain fee. In some cases, diploma mills may claim to give credits for \"relevant life experience\", whereas in other cases the victims of the scam may have to pass online exams and write term papers thereby creating an impression of real education. To strengthen their position, diploma mills closely cooperate with accreditation mills, set up for the purpose of providing an appearance of authenticity.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">In some cases the student knows he is buying a fake degree and in others the student is an unwitting victim of a scam.</p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h3 dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Catch me if you can</h3>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">In 2015 the <em>New York Times</em> published a report exposing a global scam developed by company in Pakistan which had sold thousands of diplomas of non-existing universities through a complex web of 370 websites including school sites, fake accreditation bodies, recruitment agencies, language schools and even a law firm. Apparently the firm was generating millions of dollars every month.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Among the more alarming revelations was that the company sold aeronautical degrees to airline employees, medical degrees to hospital workers, engineering degrees to site workers and law degrees to dropped out students.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">According to the report, more than 3,000 people in the Middle East hold degrees from bogus universities from this company.</p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h3 dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">KSA</h3>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">In Saudi Arabia the sectors that appear to be most affected by fake degrees are healthcare and construction. According to the Saudi Commission for Health Specialties 3,755 forgery cases involving health practitioners were revealed, with 57 physicians being arrested and prosecuted. The Saudi Council of Engineers detected 2,294 fake engineering certificates held by individuals applying to work in the Kingdom.</p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h3 dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Qatar</h3>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">When the scandal broke out, the government reacted immediately by introducing new regulations, according to which graduates of foreign universities were required to obtain a letter from their institutions confirming specific details about their courses before receiving approval for a residence permit. Moreover, the companies were prohibited to hire people who have studied for all or part of their degrees online.</p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h3 dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Kuwait</h3>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">The forged degrees scandal came only a few weeks after the government issued a new regulation requiring all engineers in Kuwait to be registered and certified by the Kuwait Engineering Society. Kuwaiti authorities decided to tackle the problem from several angles:</p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n 	<li dir=\"LTR\">Kuwaiti Ministry of Foreign Affairs offices abroad have been warned not to approve any university degrees without coordinating first with the Kuwaiti National Accreditation Bureau;</li>\r\n 	<li dir=\"LTR\">the Health Minister has ordered the formation of a special committee to examine and validate university postgraduate degrees of Ministry of Health employees including both Kuwaiti and expat doctors, nurses, pharmacists, technicians and administrative staff members;</li>\r\n 	<li dir=\"LTR\">the Ministry of Higher Education has started collaboration with the Ministry of Interior to scrutinize suspect certificates;</li>\r\n 	<li dir=\"LTR\">parliamentarians have submitted draft legislation on how to combat this crime in a more effective way as well as proposals for legal action to be undertaken against wrongdoers (such as corrective measures against promotions or wage raises); and</li>\r\n 	<li dir=\"LTR\">criminal cases are moving towards trial against accused violator and some have already been convicted. Moreover, five people suspected of holding fake university degrees have been jailed pending investigation and trial and 45 others are under investigation.</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h3 dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">UAE</h3>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">The government introduced a preventive measure for potential victims of this fraud by publishing a list of genuine universities which provide online education, whose degrees are recognised and will be accredited in the UAE. The list can be found on Ministry of Education website, so every resident who wants to enroll for distance learning course can check his preferred university for authenticity.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">It has been reported that expats found to be using fake degrees will face a life ban from working in the UAE.</p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h3 dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Worldwide</h3>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">The concept of fake degrees is a global phenomenon. In the last few weeks a US Republican party candidate has admitted to posing with a fake diploma. In United Kingdom, the police had to re-examine 700 cases that a falsely credentialed police criminologist had worked on. In Australia police had to investigate a sophisticated Chinese forgery business charging thousands of dollars for fake degrees and diplomas from nearly 100 of Australia’s leading institutions.</p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h3 dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Criminal law considerations</h3>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">The concept of issuing and using a fake degree constitutes a crime in every GCC jurisdiction. The type of crime and punishment, however, differs from country to country. In most cases the authorities rely on regulations related to fraud, forgery and misrepresentation when dealing with fake degrees.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">By way of example the punishment in KSA for forgery and misrepresentation in different cases will vary from fines in the range of SAR 300,000-700,000 and imprisonment for the period from one to seven years, followed by (in respect of non-nationals) deportation and a life ban from entering KSA. Whereas in the UAE the convicted shall be sentenced to up to ten years of imprisonment.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">In respect of government employees the sanctions are generally more severe.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">The novelty of this phenomenon, the diversity of its variations and wide range of consequences means that the authorities are now looking at putting in place specific laws (or sections of laws) that deal with fake degrees (as opposed to fraud/forgery/misrepresentation generally).</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">The general principle in criminal law is that the accused must have had intent to commit a crime. Therefore those unwitting students who were victims of a scam may not face criminal sanction; obviously the court would consider whether a person in the accused’s position, using reasonable judgement, would have considered the university to be genuine.</p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h3 dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Employment law considerations</h3>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Background checks</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">From a risk management point of view an employer should carry out background checks prior to commencement of employment in order to establish the candidate’s academic credentials. This is not as easy as it might sound; in many cases employers outsource this task to a specialist company. Some employers would do this as part of a wider background check in relation to criminal records etc. It goes without saying that where the employer is an educational institution itself then this is an area of huge potential risk and deserves the commensurate focus.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">It is also possible to check the authenticity of credentials by contacting the Commission for Academic Accreditation and/or Ministry of Education.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">As regards existing employees, the employer may consider background checking employees in sensitive positions to ensure they hold the necessary accreditation.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">The <em>New York Times</em> has published a list of bogus universities and it is not difficult to search for ‘graduates’ of such universities via social media, so an employer could quickly establish if any of its existing employees fall into this category.</p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\"><em>Vicarious liability</em></p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Employers are in a high risk group when it comes to damages indirectly caused by fake degrees. The concept of vicarious liability is one that can make an employer liable for the actions of an employee carried out in the course of their employment.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\"><em>Termination</em></p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Offers of employment are generally conditional upon verification of academic references, failing which the offer is withdrawn. Where the employee is already in the job for some time and it becomes apparent that his degree is fake then the employer could terminate him for gross misconduct. In all the GCC countries there is a provision in the labour law to this effect. That termination would be without notice and without end of service gratuity.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">The employee would be entitled to due process; i.e. he would be entitled to state his defence to the allegation. He may be able to prove that he was an innocent victim in which case the employer would have to decide the appropriate action to take. In some cases it will be irrelevant whether the employee was an unwitting victim or not; i.e. his position absolutely requires him to hold a degree/diploma- e.g. doctor, nurse, engineer etc. In other cases the degree may have been preferable but not mandatory - e.g. sales manager - in which case the employer may decide to retain him as he has performed the job well over the years.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">In all gross misconduct terminations legal advice should be sought as there may be other factors to consider (was the degree the primary documentation relied on by the employer? Did the employer become informally aware of the fake degree previously? etc).</p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h3 dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\"></h3>\r\n<h3 dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Children of Tomorrow</h3>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\"></p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Children of Tomorrow is a project launched by Al Tamimi and aimed at raising awareness of child rights at every school in the UAE- public and private.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">We have prepared a video - in both Arabic and English - for distribution to all schools and which provides practical advice in relation to the topic of child safety including:</p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n 	<li dir=\"LTR\">the legal consequences if a child is harmed or if a minor commits a crime;</li>\r\n 	<li dir=\"LTR\">what should teachers/staff do if they find signs of abuse, a state of emergency or medical condition;</li>\r\n 	<li dir=\"LTR\">reporting generally;</li>\r\n 	<li dir=\"LTR\">handling situations where a child accesses inappropriate materials shared on WhatsApp/internet etc.</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">The video will be launched in October and will be followed up with a number of seminars where teachers/schools/stakeholders can ask questions in person.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">If you would like to find out more about this initiative please email us at <a href=\"mailto:a.ponomarova@tamimi.com\">a.ponomarova@tamimi.com</a>.</p>\r\nWith thanks to the authorities and schools who have given us tremendous support with this initiative.\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h3 dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Conclusion</h3>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">The fake degree story has just begun and it has a long way to go before its full effects are felt. Employers and regulators are on red alert and need to remain vigilant. Background checking of employees in sensitive positions who are required to hold academic qualifications is an absolute must and failure to do so could lead to the employer being vicariously liable for damage done by that employee as well as obvious reputational harm to the company.</p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nAl Tamimi &amp; Company’s <a href=\"https://www.tamimi.com/sectors/education/\">Education team</a> supports education providers on all legal aspects of their operations. For further information please contact <a href=\"https://www.tamimi.com/lawyer/ivor-mcgettigan/\">Ivor McGettigan</a> (<a href=\"mailto:i.mcgettigan@tamimi.com\">i.mcgettigan@tamimi.com</a>).'),
(292192, 28073, 'MetaLink', 'content'),
(292193, 28073, 'EditorLinkPost', 'https://www.tamimi.com/wp-admin/post.php?post=8195&amp;action=edit');
INSERT INTO `tm_wsal_metadata` (`id`, `occurrence_id`, `name`, `value`) VALUES
(292194, 28073, 'ReportText', '<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">The recent headlines about fake degrees have caused shockwaves in the region. In this article we look at the phenomenon from a regional perspective, the legal issues and the ramifications.</p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h3 dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Diploma Mill</h3>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">The phenomenon of fake diplomas production dates back to Middle Ages in France and Italy. The concept is known as \"diploma mill\" or a \"degree mill\" and refers to a non-accredited company that declares itself as a higher educational institution and awards worthless degrees for a certain fee. In some cases, diploma mills may claim to give credits for \"relevant life experience\", whereas in other cases the victims of the scam may have to pass online exams and write term papers thereby creating an impression of real education. To strengthen their position, diploma mills closely cooperate with accreditation mills, set up for the purpose of providing an appearance of authenticity.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">In some cases the student knows he is buying a fake degree and in others the student is an unwitting victim of a scam.</p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h3 dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Catch me if you can</h3>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">In 2015 the <em>New York Times</em> published a report exposing a global scam developed by company in Pakistan which had sold thousands of diplomas of non-existing universities through a complex web of 370 websites including school sites, fake accreditation bodies, recruitment agencies, language schools and even a law firm. Apparently the firm was generating millions of dollars every month.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Among the more alarming revelations was that the company sold aeronautical degrees to airline employees, medical degrees to hospital workers, engineering degrees to site workers and law degrees to dropped out students.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">According to the report, more than 3,000 people in the Middle East hold degrees from bogus universities from this company.</p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h3 dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">KSA</h3>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">In Saudi Arabia the sectors that appear to be most affected by fake degrees are healthcare and construction. According to the Saudi Commission for Health Specialties 3,755 forgery cases involving health practitioners were revealed, with 57 physicians being arrested and prosecuted. The Saudi Council of Engineers detected 2,294 fake engineering certificates held by individuals applying to work in the Kingdom.</p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h3 dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Qatar</h3>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">When the scandal broke out, the government reacted immediately by introducing new regulations, according to which graduates of foreign universities were required to obtain a letter from their institutions confirming specific details about their courses before receiving approval for a residence permit. Moreover, the companies were prohibited to hire people who have studied for all or part of their degrees online.</p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h3 dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Kuwait</h3>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">The forged degrees scandal came only a few weeks after the government issued a new regulation requiring all engineers in Kuwait to be registered and certified by the Kuwait Engineering Society. Kuwaiti authorities decided to tackle the problem from several angles:</p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n 	<li dir=\"LTR\">Kuwaiti Ministry of Foreign Affairs offices abroad have been warned not to approve any university degrees without coordinating first with the Kuwaiti National Accreditation Bureau;</li>\r\n 	<li dir=\"LTR\">the Health Minister has ordered the formation of a special committee to examine and validate university postgraduate degrees of Ministry of Health employees including both Kuwaiti and expat doctors, nurses, pharmacists, technicians and administrative staff members;</li>\r\n 	<li dir=\"LTR\">the Ministry of Higher Education has started collaboration with the Ministry of Interior to scrutinize suspect certificates;</li>\r\n 	<li dir=\"LTR\">parliamentarians have submitted draft legislation on how to combat this crime in a more effective way as well as proposals for legal action to be undertaken against wrongdoers (such as corrective measures against promotions or wage raises); and</li>\r\n 	<li dir=\"LTR\">criminal cases are moving towards trial against accused violator and some have already been convicted. Moreover, five people suspected of holding fake university degrees have been jailed pending investigation and trial and 45 others are under investigation.</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h3 dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">UAE</h3>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">The government introduced a preventive measure for potential victims of this fraud by publishing a list of genuine universities which provide online education, whose degrees are recognised and will be accredited in the UAE. The list can be found on Ministry of Education website, so every resident who wants to enroll for distance learning course can check his preferred university for authenticity.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">It has been reported that expats found to be using fake degrees will face a life ban from working in the UAE.</p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h3 dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Worldwide</h3>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">The concept of fake degrees is a global phenomenon. In the last few weeks a US Republican party candidate has admitted to posing with a fake diploma. In United Kingdom, the police had to re-examine 700 cases that a falsely credentialed police criminologist had worked on. In Australia police had to investigate a sophisticated Chinese forgery business charging thousands of dollars for fake degrees and diplomas from nearly 100 of Australia’s leading institutions.</p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h3 dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Criminal law considerations</h3>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">The concept of issuing and using a fake degree constitutes a crime in every GCC jurisdiction. The type of crime and punishment, however, differs from country to country. In most cases the authorities rely on regulations related to fraud, forgery and misrepresentation when dealing with fake degrees.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">By way of example the punishment in KSA for forgery and misrepresentation in different cases will vary from fines in the range of SAR 300,000-700,000 and imprisonment for the period from one to seven years, followed by (in respect of non-nationals) deportation and a life ban from entering KSA. Whereas in the UAE the convicted shall be sentenced to up to ten years of imprisonment.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">In respect of government employees the sanctions are generally more severe.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">The novelty of this phenomenon, the diversity of its variations and wide range of consequences means that the authorities are now looking at putting in place specific laws (or sections of laws) that deal with fake degrees (as opposed to fraud/forgery/misrepresentation generally).</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">The general principle in criminal law is that the accused must have had intent to commit a crime. Therefore those unwitting students who were victims of a scam may not face criminal sanction; obviously the court would consider whether a person in the accused’s position, using reasonable judgement, would have considered the university to be genuine.</p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h3 dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Employment law considerations</h3>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Background checks</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">From a risk management point of view an employer should carry out background checks prior to commencement of employment in order to establish the candidate’s academic credentials. This is not as easy as it might sound; in many cases employers outsource this task to a specialist company. Some employers would do this as part of a wider background check in relation to criminal records etc. It goes without saying that where the employer is an educational institution itself then this is an area of huge potential risk and deserves the commensurate focus.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">It is also possible to check the authenticity of credentials by contacting the Commission for Academic Accreditation and/or Ministry of Education.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">As regards existing employees, the employer may consider background checking employees in sensitive positions to ensure they hold the necessary accreditation.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">The <em>New York Times</em> has published a list of bogus universities and it is not difficult to search for ‘graduates’ of such universities via social media, so an employer could quickly establish if any of its existing employees fall into this category.</p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\"><em>Vicarious liability</em></p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Employers are in a high risk group when it comes to damages indirectly caused by fake degrees. The concept of vicarious liability is one that can make an employer liable for the actions of an employee carried out in the course of their employment.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\"><em>Termination</em></p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Offers of employment are generally conditional upon verification of academic references, failing which the offer is withdrawn. Where the employee is already in the job for some time and it becomes apparent that his degree is fake then the employer could terminate him for gross misconduct. In all the GCC countries there is a provision in the labour law to this effect. That termination would be without notice and without end of service gratuity.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">The employee would be entitled to due process; i.e. he would be entitled to state his defence to the allegation. He may be able to prove that he was an innocent victim in which case the employer would have to decide the appropriate action to take. In some cases it will be irrelevant whether the employee was an unwitting victim or not; i.e. his position absolutely requires him to hold a degree/diploma- e.g. doctor, nurse, engineer etc. In other cases the degree may have been preferable but not mandatory - e.g. sales manager - in which case the employer may decide to retain him as he has performed the job well over the years.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">In all gross misconduct terminations legal advice should be sought as there may be other factors to consider (was the degree the primary documentation relied on by the employer? Did the employer become informally aware of the fake degree previously? etc).</p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h3 dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\"></h3>\r\n<h3 dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Children of Tomorrow</h3>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\"></p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Children of Tomorrow is a project launched by Al Tamimi and aimed at raising awareness of child rights at every school in the UAE- public and private.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">We have prepared a video - in both Arabic and English - for distribution to all schools and which provides practical advice in relation to the topic of child safety including:</p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n 	<li dir=\"LTR\">the legal consequences if a child is harmed or if a minor commits a crime;</li>\r\n 	<li dir=\"LTR\">what should teachers/staff do if they find signs of abuse, a state of emergency or medical condition;</li>\r\n 	<li dir=\"LTR\">reporting generally;</li>\r\n 	<li dir=\"LTR\">handling situations where a child accesses inappropriate materials shared on WhatsApp/internet etc.</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">The video will be launched in October and will be followed up with a number of seminars where teachers/schools/stakeholders can ask questions in person.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">If you would like to find out more about this initiative please email us at <a href=\"mailto:a.ponomarova@tamimi.com\">a.ponomarova@tamimi.com</a>.</p>\r\nWith thanks to the authorities and schools who have given us tremendous support with this initiative.\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h3 dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Conclusion</h3>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">The fake degree story has just begun and it has a long way to go before its full effects are felt. Employers and regulators are on red alert and need to remain vigilant. Background checking of employees in sensitive positions who are required to hold academic qualifications is an absolute must and failure to do so could lead to the employer being vicariously liable for damage done by that employee as well as obvious reputational harm to the company.</p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nAl Tamimi &amp; Company’s <a href=\"https://www.tamimi.com/sectors/education/\">Education team</a> supports education providers on all legal aspects of their operations. For further information please contact <a href=\"https://www.tamimi.com/lawyer/ivor-mcgettigan/\">Ivor McGettigan</a> (<a href=\"mailto:i.mcgettigan@tamimi.com\">i.mcgettigan@tamimi.com</a>).|<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">The recent headlines about fake degrees have caused shockwaves in the region. In this article we look at the phenomenon from a regional perspective, the legal issues and the ramifications.</p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h3 dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Diploma Mill</h3>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">The phenomenon of fake diplomas production dates back to Middle Ages in France and Italy. The concept is known as \"diploma mill\" or a \"degree mill\" and refers to a non-accredited company that declares itself as a higher educational institution and awards worthless degrees for a certain fee. In some cases, diploma mills may claim to give credits for \"relevant life experience\", whereas in other cases the victims of the scam may have to pass online exams and write term papers thereby creating an impression of real education. To strengthen their position, diploma mills closely cooperate with accreditation mills, set up for the purpose of providing an appearance of authenticity.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">In some cases the student knows he is buying a fake degree and in others the student is an unwitting victim of a scam.</p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h3 dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Catch me if you can</h3>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">In 2015 the <em>New York Times</em> published a report exposing a global scam developed by company in Pakistan which had sold thousands of diplomas of non-existing universities through a complex web of 370 websites including school sites, fake accreditation bodies, recruitment agencies, language schools and even a law firm. Apparently the firm was generating millions of dollars every month.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Among the more alarming revelations was that the company sold aeronautical degrees to airline employees, medical degrees to hospital workers, engineering degrees to site workers and law degrees to dropped out students.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">According to the report, more than 3,000 people in the Middle East hold degrees from bogus universities from this company.</p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h3 dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">KSA</h3>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">In Saudi Arabia the sectors that appear to be most affected by fake degrees are healthcare and construction. According to the Saudi Commission for Health Specialties 3,755 forgery cases involving health practitioners were revealed, with 57 physicians being arrested and prosecuted. The Saudi Council of Engineers detected 2,294 fake engineering certificates held by individuals applying to work in the Kingdom.</p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h3 dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Qatar</h3>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">When the scandal broke out, the government reacted immediately by introducing new regulations, according to which graduates of foreign universities were required to obtain a letter from their institutions confirming specific details about their courses before receiving approval for a residence permit. Moreover, the companies were prohibited to hire people who have studied for all or part of their degrees online.</p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h3 dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Kuwait</h3>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">The forged degrees scandal came only a few weeks after the government issued a new regulation requiring all engineers in Kuwait to be registered and certified by the Kuwait Engineering Society. Kuwaiti authorities decided to tackle the problem from several angles:</p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n 	<li dir=\"LTR\">Kuwaiti Ministry of Foreign Affairs offices abroad have been warned not to approve any university degrees without coordinating first with the Kuwaiti National Accreditation Bureau;</li>\r\n 	<li dir=\"LTR\">the Health Minister has ordered the formation of a special committee to examine and validate university postgraduate degrees of Ministry of Health employees including both Kuwaiti and expat doctors, nurses, pharmacists, technicians and administrative staff members;</li>\r\n 	<li dir=\"LTR\">the Ministry of Higher Education has started collaboration with the Ministry of Interior to scrutinize suspect certificates;</li>\r\n 	<li dir=\"LTR\">parliamentarians have submitted draft legislation on how to combat this crime in a more effective way as well as proposals for legal action to be undertaken against wrongdoers (such as corrective measures against promotions or wage raises); and</li>\r\n 	<li dir=\"LTR\">criminal cases are moving towards trial against accused violator and some have already been convicted. Moreover, five people suspected of holding fake university degrees have been jailed pending investigation and trial and 45 others are under investigation.</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h3 dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">UAE</h3>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">The government introduced a preventive measure for potential victims of this fraud by publishing a list of genuine universities which provide online education, whose degrees are recognised and will be accredited in the UAE. The list can be found on Ministry of Education website, so every resident who wants to enroll for distance learning course can check his preferred university for authenticity.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">It has been reported that expats found to be using fake degrees will face a life ban from working in the UAE.</p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h3 dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Worldwide</h3>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">The concept of fake degrees is a global phenomenon. In the last few weeks a US Republican party candidate has admitted to posing with a fake diploma. In United Kingdom, the police had to re-examine 700 cases that a falsely credentialed police criminologist had worked on. In Australia police had to investigate a sophisticated Chinese forgery business charging thousands of dollars for fake degrees and diplomas from nearly 100 of Australia’s leading institutions.</p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h3 dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Criminal law considerations</h3>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">The concept of issuing and using a fake degree constitutes a crime in every GCC jurisdiction. The type of crime and punishment, however, differs from country to country. In most cases the authorities rely on regulations related to fraud, forgery and misrepresentation when dealing with fake degrees.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">By way of example the punishment in KSA for forgery and misrepresentation in different cases will vary from fines in the range of SAR 300,000-700,000 and imprisonment for the period from one to seven years, followed by (in respect of non-nationals) deportation and a life ban from entering KSA. Whereas in the UAE the convicted shall be sentenced to up to ten years of imprisonment.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">In respect of government employees the sanctions are generally more severe.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">The novelty of this phenomenon, the diversity of its variations and wide range of consequences means that the authorities are now looking at putting in place specific laws (or sections of laws) that deal with fake degrees (as opposed to fraud/forgery/misrepresentation generally).</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">The general principle in criminal law is that the accused must have had intent to commit a crime. Therefore those unwitting students who were victims of a scam may not face criminal sanction; obviously the court would consider whether a person in the accused’s position, using reasonable judgement, would have considered the university to be genuine.</p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h3 dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Employment law considerations</h3>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Background checks</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">From a risk management point of view an employer should carry out background checks prior to commencement of employment in order to establish the candidate’s academic credentials. This is not as easy as it might sound; in many cases employers outsource this task to a specialist company. Some employers would do this as part of a wider background check in relation to criminal records etc. It goes without saying that where the employer is an educational institution itself then this is an area of huge potential risk and deserves the commensurate focus.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">It is also possible to check the authenticity of credentials by contacting the Commission for Academic Accreditation and/or Ministry of Education.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">As regards existing employees, the employer may consider background checking employees in sensitive positions to ensure they hold the necessary accreditation.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">The <em>New York Times</em> has published a list of bogus universities and it is not difficult to search for ‘graduates’ of such universities via social media, so an employer could quickly establish if any of its existing employees fall into this category.</p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\"><em>Vicarious liability</em></p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Employers are in a high risk group when it comes to damages indirectly caused by fake degrees. The concept of vicarious liability is one that can make an employer liable for the actions of an employee carried out in the course of their employment.</p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\"><em>Termination</em></p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Offers of employment are generally conditional upon verification of academic references, failing which the offer is withdrawn. Where the employee is already in the job for some time and it becomes apparent that his degree is fake then the employer could terminate him for gross misconduct. In all the GCC countries there is a provision in the labour law to this effect. That termination would be without notice and without end of service gratuity.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">The employee would be entitled to due process; i.e. he would be entitled to state his defence to the allegation. He may be able to prove that he was an innocent victim in which case the employer would have to decide the appropriate action to take. In some cases it will be irrelevant whether the employee was an unwitting victim or not; i.e. his position absolutely requires him to hold a degree/diploma- e.g. doctor, nurse, engineer etc. In other cases the degree may have been preferable but not mandatory - e.g. sales manager - in which case the employer may decide to retain him as he has performed the job well over the years.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">In all gross misconduct terminations legal advice should be sought as there may be other factors to consider (was the degree the primary documentation relied on by the employer? Did the employer become informally aware of the fake degree previously? etc).</p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h3 dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\"></h3>\r\n<h3 dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Children of Tomorrow</h3>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\"></p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Children of Tomorrow is a project launched by Al Tamimi and aimed at raising awareness of child rights at every school in the UAE- public and private.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">We have prepared a video - in both Arabic and English - for distribution to all schools and which provides practical advice in relation to the topic of child safety including:</p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n 	<li dir=\"LTR\">the legal consequences if a child is harmed or if a minor commits a crime;</li>\r\n 	<li dir=\"LTR\">what should teachers/staff do if they find signs of abuse, a state of emergency or medical condition;</li>\r\n 	<li dir=\"LTR\">reporting generally;</li>\r\n 	<li dir=\"LTR\">handling situations where a child accesses inappropriate materials shared on WhatsApp/internet etc.</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">The video will be launched in October and will be followed up with a number of seminars where teachers/schools/stakeholders can ask questions in person.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">If you would like to find out more about this initiative please email us at <a href=\"mailto:a.ponomarova@tamimi.com\">a.ponomarova@tamimi.com</a>.</p>\r\nWith thanks to the authorities and schools who have given us tremendous support with this initiative.\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h3 dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Conclusion</h3>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">The fake degree story has just begun and it has a long way to go before its full effects are felt. Employers and regulators are on red alert and need to remain vigilant. Background checking of employees in sensitive positions who are required to hold academic qualifications is an absolute must and failure to do so could lead to the employer being vicariously liable for damage done by that employee as well as obvious reputational harm to the company.</p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nAl Tamimi &amp; Company’s <a href=\"https://www.tamimi.com/sectors/education/\">Education team</a> supports education providers on all legal aspects of their operations. For further information please contact <a href=\"https://www.tamimi.com/lawyer/ivor-mcgettigan/\">Ivor McGettigan</a> (<a href=\"mailto:i.mcgettigan@tamimi.com\">i.mcgettigan@tamimi.com</a>).'),
(292195, 28073, 'ClientIP', '83.111.236.141'),
(292196, 28073, 'UserAgent', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Trident/7.0; rv:11.0) like Gecko'),
(292197, 28073, 'CurrentUserID', '5'),
(292198, 28073, 'CurrentUserRoles', 'a:2:{i:0;s:13:\"administrator\";i:1;s:10:\"superadmin\";}'),
(292199, 28073, 'SessionID', '6535c235a9f90e18d7d57d2663638b0ff441d6b7ae2c4bc928dca5f0cc8213ca'),
(292200, 28074, 'PostID', '8195'),
(292201, 28074, 'PostType', 'law_update_articles'),
(292202, 28074, 'PostTitle', 'Faking It: The Fall-out from the Bogus Degree Epidemic'),
(292203, 28074, 'PostStatus', 'draft'),
(292204, 28074, 'PostDate', '2018-09-02 17:38:57'),
(292205, 28074, 'PostUrl', 'https://www.tamimi.com/?post_type=law_update_articles&p=8195'),
(292206, 28074, 'EditorLinkPost', 'https://www.tamimi.com/wp-admin/post.php?post=8195&amp;action=edit'),
(292207, 28074, 'ClientIP', '83.111.236.141'),
(292208, 28074, 'UserAgent', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Trident/7.0; rv:11.0) like Gecko'),
(292209, 28074, 'CurrentUserID', '5'),
(292210, 28074, 'CurrentUserRoles', 'a:2:{i:0;s:13:\"administrator\";i:1;s:10:\"superadmin\";}'),
(292211, 28074, 'SessionID', '6535c235a9f90e18d7d57d2663638b0ff441d6b7ae2c4bc928dca5f0cc8213ca'),
(292212, 28075, 'PostID', '4074'),
(292213, 28075, 'PostType', 'page'),
(292214, 28075, 'PostTitle', 'Lawyers'),
(292215, 28075, 'PostStatus', 'publish'),
(292216, 28075, 'PostDate', '2017-10-16 13:58:28'),
(292217, 28075, 'PostUrl', 'https://www.tamimi.com/our-firm/find-a-lawyer/'),
(292218, 28075, 'EditorLinkPost', 'https://www.tamimi.com/wp-admin/post.php?post=4074&amp;action=edit'),
(292219, 28075, 'ClientIP', '83.111.236.141'),
(292220, 28075, 'UserAgent', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Trident/7.0; rv:11.0) like Gecko'),
(292221, 28075, 'CurrentUserID', '5'),
(292222, 28075, 'CurrentUserRoles', 'a:2:{i:0;s:13:\"administrator\";i:1;s:10:\"superadmin\";}'),
(292223, 28075, 'SessionID', '6535c235a9f90e18d7d57d2663638b0ff441d6b7ae2c4bc928dca5f0cc8213ca'),
(292224, 28076, 'PostID', '527'),
(292225, 28076, 'PostType', 'lawyer'),
(292226, 28076, 'PostTitle', 'Euan Lloyd'),
(292227, 28076, 'PostStatus', 'publish'),
(292228, 28076, 'PostDate', '2017-09-26 14:51:00'),
(292229, 28076, 'PostUrl', 'https://www.tamimi.com/lawyer/euan-lloyd/'),
(292230, 28076, 'EditorLinkPost', 'https://www.tamimi.com/wp-admin/post.php?post=527&amp;action=edit'),
(292231, 28076, 'ClientIP', '83.111.236.141'),
(292232, 28076, 'UserAgent', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Trident/7.0; rv:11.0) like Gecko'),
(292233, 28076, 'CurrentUserID', '5'),
(292234, 28076, 'CurrentUserRoles', 'a:2:{i:0;s:13:\"administrator\";i:1;s:10:\"superadmin\";}'),
(292235, 28076, 'SessionID', '6535c235a9f90e18d7d57d2663638b0ff441d6b7ae2c4bc928dca5f0cc8213ca'),
(292236, 28077, 'PostID', '537'),
(292237, 28077, 'PostType', 'practice'),
(292238, 28077, 'PostTitle', 'Construction & Infrastructure'),
(292239, 28077, 'PostStatus', 'publish'),
(292240, 28077, 'PostDate', '2017-09-26 15:10:02'),
(292241, 28077, 'PostUrl', 'https://www.tamimi.com/practice/construction-infrastructure/'),
(292242, 28077, 'EditorLinkPost', 'https://www.tamimi.com/wp-admin/post.php?post=537&amp;action=edit'),
(292243, 28077, 'ClientIP', '83.111.236.141'),
(292244, 28077, 'UserAgent', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Trident/7.0; rv:11.0) like Gecko'),
(292245, 28077, 'CurrentUserID', '5'),
(292246, 28077, 'CurrentUserRoles', 'a:2:{i:0;s:13:\"administrator\";i:1;s:10:\"superadmin\";}'),
(292247, 28077, 'SessionID', '6535c235a9f90e18d7d57d2663638b0ff441d6b7ae2c4bc928dca5f0cc8213ca'),
(292248, 28078, 'PostID', '8196'),
(292249, 28078, 'PostType', 'law_update_articles'),
(292250, 28078, 'PostTitle', 'Procurement in the Education Sector in the Middle East'),
(292251, 28078, 'PostStatus', 'draft'),
(292252, 28078, 'PostDate', '2018-09-02 17:45:58'),
(292253, 28078, 'PostUrl', 'https://www.tamimi.com/?post_type=law_update_articles&p=8196'),
(292254, 28078, 'EditorLinkPost', 'https://www.tamimi.com/wp-admin/post.php?post=8196&amp;action=edit'),
(292255, 28078, 'ClientIP', '83.111.236.141'),
(292256, 28078, 'UserAgent', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Trident/7.0; rv:11.0) like Gecko'),
(292257, 28078, 'CurrentUserID', '5'),
(292258, 28078, 'CurrentUserRoles', 'a:2:{i:0;s:13:\"administrator\";i:1;s:10:\"superadmin\";}'),
(292259, 28078, 'SessionID', '6535c235a9f90e18d7d57d2663638b0ff441d6b7ae2c4bc928dca5f0cc8213ca'),
(292260, 28079, 'PostID', '8196'),
(292261, 28079, 'PostTitle', 'Procurement in the Education Sector in the Middle East'),
(292262, 28079, 'PostStatus', 'draft'),
(292263, 28079, 'PostType', 'law_update_articles'),
(292264, 28079, 'PostDate', '2018-09-02 17:45:58'),
(292265, 28079, 'PostUrl', 'https://www.tamimi.com/?post_type=law_update_articles&p=8196'),
(292266, 28079, 'MetaKey', 'lawUpdateArticleMonth'),
(292267, 28079, 'MetaValue', '8183'),
(292268, 28079, 'MetaLink', 'lawUpdateArticleMonth'),
(292269, 28079, 'EditorLinkPost', 'https://www.tamimi.com/wp-admin/post.php?post=8196&amp;action=edit'),
(292270, 28079, 'ClientIP', '83.111.236.141'),
(292271, 28079, 'UserAgent', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Trident/7.0; rv:11.0) like Gecko'),
(292272, 28079, 'CurrentUserID', '5'),
(292273, 28079, 'CurrentUserRoles', 'a:2:{i:0;s:13:\"administrator\";i:1;s:10:\"superadmin\";}'),
(292274, 28079, 'SessionID', '6535c235a9f90e18d7d57d2663638b0ff441d6b7ae2c4bc928dca5f0cc8213ca'),
(292275, 28080, 'PostID', '8196'),
(292276, 28080, 'PostTitle', 'Procurement in the Education Sector in the Middle East'),
(292277, 28080, 'PostStatus', 'draft'),
(292278, 28080, 'PostType', 'law_update_articles'),
(292279, 28080, 'PostDate', '2018-09-02 17:45:58'),
(292280, 28080, 'PostUrl', 'https://www.tamimi.com/?post_type=law_update_articles&p=8196'),
(292281, 28080, 'MetaKey', 'lawUpdateArticlePractices_0_lawUpdateArticlePractice'),
(292282, 28080, 'MetaValue', '537'),
(292283, 28080, 'MetaLink', 'lawUpdateArticlePractices_0_lawUpdateArticlePractice'),
(292284, 28080, 'EditorLinkPost', 'https://www.tamimi.com/wp-admin/post.php?post=8196&amp;action=edit'),
(292285, 28080, 'ClientIP', '83.111.236.141'),
(292286, 28080, 'UserAgent', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Trident/7.0; rv:11.0) like Gecko'),
(292287, 28080, 'CurrentUserID', '5'),
(292288, 28080, 'CurrentUserRoles', 'a:2:{i:0;s:13:\"administrator\";i:1;s:10:\"superadmin\";}'),
(292289, 28080, 'SessionID', '6535c235a9f90e18d7d57d2663638b0ff441d6b7ae2c4bc928dca5f0cc8213ca'),
(292290, 28081, 'PostID', '8196'),
(292291, 28081, 'PostTitle', 'Procurement in the Education Sector in the Middle East'),
(292292, 28081, 'PostStatus', 'draft'),
(292293, 28081, 'PostType', 'law_update_articles'),
(292294, 28081, 'PostDate', '2018-09-02 17:45:58'),
(292295, 28081, 'PostUrl', 'https://www.tamimi.com/?post_type=law_update_articles&p=8196'),
(292296, 28081, 'MetaKey', 'lawUpdateArticlePractices'),
(292297, 28081, 'MetaValue', '1'),
(292298, 28081, 'MetaLink', 'lawUpdateArticlePractices'),
(292299, 28081, 'EditorLinkPost', 'https://www.tamimi.com/wp-admin/post.php?post=8196&amp;action=edit'),
(292300, 28081, 'ClientIP', '83.111.236.141'),
(292301, 28081, 'UserAgent', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Trident/7.0; rv:11.0) like Gecko'),
(292302, 28081, 'CurrentUserID', '5'),
(292303, 28081, 'CurrentUserRoles', 'a:2:{i:0;s:13:\"administrator\";i:1;s:10:\"superadmin\";}'),
(292304, 28081, 'SessionID', '6535c235a9f90e18d7d57d2663638b0ff441d6b7ae2c4bc928dca5f0cc8213ca'),
(292305, 28082, 'PostID', '8196'),
(292306, 28082, 'PostTitle', 'Procurement in the Education Sector in the Middle East'),
(292307, 28082, 'PostStatus', 'draft'),
(292308, 28082, 'PostType', 'law_update_articles'),
(292309, 28082, 'PostDate', '2018-09-02 17:45:58'),
(292310, 28082, 'PostUrl', 'https://www.tamimi.com/?post_type=law_update_articles&p=8196'),
(292311, 28082, 'MetaKey', 'lawUpdateArticleSectors_0_lawUpdateArticleSector'),
(292312, 28082, 'MetaValue', '1570'),
(292313, 28082, 'MetaLink', 'lawUpdateArticleSectors_0_lawUpdateArticleSector'),
(292314, 28082, 'EditorLinkPost', 'https://www.tamimi.com/wp-admin/post.php?post=8196&amp;action=edit'),
(292315, 28082, 'ClientIP', '83.111.236.141'),
(292316, 28082, 'UserAgent', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Trident/7.0; rv:11.0) like Gecko'),
(292317, 28082, 'CurrentUserID', '5'),
(292318, 28082, 'CurrentUserRoles', 'a:2:{i:0;s:13:\"administrator\";i:1;s:10:\"superadmin\";}'),
(292319, 28082, 'SessionID', '6535c235a9f90e18d7d57d2663638b0ff441d6b7ae2c4bc928dca5f0cc8213ca'),
(292320, 28083, 'PostID', '8196'),
(292321, 28083, 'PostTitle', 'Procurement in the Education Sector in the Middle East'),
(292322, 28083, 'PostStatus', 'draft'),
(292323, 28083, 'PostType', 'law_update_articles'),
(292324, 28083, 'PostDate', '2018-09-02 17:45:58'),
(292325, 28083, 'PostUrl', 'https://www.tamimi.com/?post_type=law_update_articles&p=8196'),
(292326, 28083, 'MetaKey', 'lawUpdateArticleSectors'),
(292327, 28083, 'MetaValue', '1'),
(292328, 28083, 'MetaLink', 'lawUpdateArticleSectors'),
(292329, 28083, 'EditorLinkPost', 'https://www.tamimi.com/wp-admin/post.php?post=8196&amp;action=edit'),
(292330, 28083, 'ClientIP', '83.111.236.141'),
(292331, 28083, 'UserAgent', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Trident/7.0; rv:11.0) like Gecko'),
(292332, 28083, 'CurrentUserID', '5'),
(292333, 28083, 'CurrentUserRoles', 'a:2:{i:0;s:13:\"administrator\";i:1;s:10:\"superadmin\";}'),
(292334, 28083, 'SessionID', '6535c235a9f90e18d7d57d2663638b0ff441d6b7ae2c4bc928dca5f0cc8213ca'),
(292335, 28084, 'PostID', '8196'),
(292336, 28084, 'PostTitle', 'Procurement in the Education Sector in the Middle East'),
(292337, 28084, 'PostStatus', 'draft'),
(292338, 28084, 'PostType', 'law_update_articles'),
(292339, 28084, 'PostDate', '2018-09-02 17:45:58'),
(292340, 28084, 'PostUrl', 'https://www.tamimi.com/?post_type=law_update_articles&p=8196'),
(292341, 28084, 'MetaKey', 'lawUpdateArticleWriters_0_lawUpdateArticleWriter'),
(292342, 28084, 'MetaValue', '527'),
(292343, 28084, 'MetaLink', 'lawUpdateArticleWriters_0_lawUpdateArticleWriter'),
(292344, 28084, 'EditorLinkPost', 'https://www.tamimi.com/wp-admin/post.php?post=8196&amp;action=edit'),
(292345, 28084, 'ClientIP', '83.111.236.141'),
(292346, 28084, 'UserAgent', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Trident/7.0; rv:11.0) like Gecko'),
(292347, 28084, 'CurrentUserID', '5'),
(292348, 28084, 'CurrentUserRoles', 'a:2:{i:0;s:13:\"administrator\";i:1;s:10:\"superadmin\";}'),
(292349, 28084, 'SessionID', '6535c235a9f90e18d7d57d2663638b0ff441d6b7ae2c4bc928dca5f0cc8213ca'),
(292350, 28085, 'PostID', '8196'),
(292351, 28085, 'PostTitle', 'Procurement in the Education Sector in the Middle East'),
(292352, 28085, 'PostStatus', 'draft'),
(292353, 28085, 'PostType', 'law_update_articles'),
(292354, 28085, 'PostDate', '2018-09-02 17:45:58'),
(292355, 28085, 'PostUrl', 'https://www.tamimi.com/?post_type=law_update_articles&p=8196'),
(292356, 28085, 'MetaKey', 'lawUpdateArticleWriters_1_lawUpdateArticleWriter'),
(292357, 28085, 'MetaValue', '7662'),
(292358, 28085, 'MetaLink', 'lawUpdateArticleWriters_1_lawUpdateArticleWriter'),
(292359, 28085, 'EditorLinkPost', 'https://www.tamimi.com/wp-admin/post.php?post=8196&amp;action=edit'),
(292360, 28085, 'ClientIP', '83.111.236.141'),
(292361, 28085, 'UserAgent', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Trident/7.0; rv:11.0) like Gecko'),
(292362, 28085, 'CurrentUserID', '5'),
(292363, 28085, 'CurrentUserRoles', 'a:2:{i:0;s:13:\"administrator\";i:1;s:10:\"superadmin\";}'),
(292364, 28085, 'SessionID', '6535c235a9f90e18d7d57d2663638b0ff441d6b7ae2c4bc928dca5f0cc8213ca'),
(292365, 28086, 'PostID', '8196'),
(292366, 28086, 'PostTitle', 'Procurement in the Education Sector in the Middle East'),
(292367, 28086, 'PostStatus', 'draft'),
(292368, 28086, 'PostType', 'law_update_articles'),
(292369, 28086, 'PostDate', '2018-09-02 17:45:58'),
(292370, 28086, 'PostUrl', 'https://www.tamimi.com/?post_type=law_update_articles&p=8196'),
(292371, 28086, 'MetaKey', 'lawUpdateArticleWriters'),
(292372, 28086, 'MetaValue', '2'),
(292373, 28086, 'MetaLink', 'lawUpdateArticleWriters'),
(292374, 28086, 'EditorLinkPost', 'https://www.tamimi.com/wp-admin/post.php?post=8196&amp;action=edit'),
(292375, 28086, 'ClientIP', '83.111.236.141'),
(292376, 28086, 'UserAgent', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Trident/7.0; rv:11.0) like Gecko'),
(292377, 28086, 'CurrentUserID', '5'),
(292378, 28086, 'CurrentUserRoles', 'a:2:{i:0;s:13:\"administrator\";i:1;s:10:\"superadmin\";}'),
(292379, 28086, 'SessionID', '6535c235a9f90e18d7d57d2663638b0ff441d6b7ae2c4bc928dca5f0cc8213ca'),
(292380, 28087, 'PostID', '8196'),
(292381, 28087, 'PostTitle', 'Procurement in the Education Sector in the Middle East'),
(292382, 28087, 'PostStatus', 'draft'),
(292383, 28087, 'PostType', 'law_update_articles'),
(292384, 28087, 'PostDate', '2018-09-02 17:45:58'),
(292385, 28087, 'PostUrl', 'https://www.tamimi.com/?post_type=law_update_articles&p=8196'),
(292386, 28087, 'MetaKey', 'lawUpdateArticleNoWriters'),
(292387, 28087, 'MetaLink', 'lawUpdateArticleNoWriters'),
(292388, 28087, 'EditorLinkPost', 'https://www.tamimi.com/wp-admin/post.php?post=8196&amp;action=edit'),
(292389, 28087, 'ClientIP', '83.111.236.141'),
(292390, 28087, 'UserAgent', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Trident/7.0; rv:11.0) like Gecko'),
(292391, 28087, 'CurrentUserID', '5'),
(292392, 28087, 'CurrentUserRoles', 'a:2:{i:0;s:13:\"administrator\";i:1;s:10:\"superadmin\";}'),
(292393, 28087, 'SessionID', '6535c235a9f90e18d7d57d2663638b0ff441d6b7ae2c4bc928dca5f0cc8213ca'),
(292394, 28088, 'PostID', '8196'),
(292395, 28088, 'PostType', 'law_update_articles'),
(292396, 28088, 'PostTitle', 'Procurement in the Education Sector in the Middle East'),
(292397, 28088, 'PostStatus', 'draft'),
(292398, 28088, 'PostDate', '2018-09-02 17:45:58'),
(292399, 28088, 'PostUrl', 'https://www.tamimi.com/?post_type=law_update_articles&p=8196'),
(292400, 28088, 'EditorLinkPost', 'https://www.tamimi.com/wp-admin/post.php?post=8196&amp;action=edit'),
(292401, 28088, 'ClientIP', '83.111.236.141'),
(292402, 28088, 'UserAgent', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Trident/7.0; rv:11.0) like Gecko'),
(292403, 28088, 'CurrentUserID', '5'),
(292404, 28088, 'CurrentUserRoles', 'a:2:{i:0;s:13:\"administrator\";i:1;s:10:\"superadmin\";}'),
(292405, 28088, 'SessionID', '6535c235a9f90e18d7d57d2663638b0ff441d6b7ae2c4bc928dca5f0cc8213ca'),
(292406, 28089, 'PostID', '8196'),
(292407, 28089, 'PostType', 'law_update_articles'),
(292408, 28089, 'PostTitle', 'Procurement in the Education Sector in the Middle East'),
(292409, 28089, 'PostStatus', 'draft'),
(292410, 28089, 'PostDate', '2018-09-02 17:45:58'),
(292411, 28089, 'PostUrl', 'https://www.tamimi.com/?post_type=law_update_articles&p=8196'),
(292412, 28089, 'EditorLinkPost', 'https://www.tamimi.com/wp-admin/post.php?post=8196&amp;action=edit'),
(292413, 28089, 'ClientIP', '83.111.236.141'),
(292414, 28089, 'UserAgent', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Trident/7.0; rv:11.0) like Gecko'),
(292415, 28089, 'CurrentUserID', '5'),
(292416, 28089, 'CurrentUserRoles', 'a:2:{i:0;s:13:\"administrator\";i:1;s:10:\"superadmin\";}'),
(292417, 28089, 'SessionID', '6535c235a9f90e18d7d57d2663638b0ff441d6b7ae2c4bc928dca5f0cc8213ca'),
(292418, 28090, 'PostID', '8196'),
(292419, 28090, 'PostType', 'law_update_articles'),
(292420, 28090, 'PostTitle', 'Procurement in the Education Sector in the Middle East'),
(292421, 28090, 'PostStatus', 'draft'),
(292422, 28090, 'PostDate', '2018-09-02 17:46:25'),
(292423, 28090, 'PostUrl', 'https://www.tamimi.com/?post_type=law_update_articles&p=8196'),
(292424, 28090, 'EditorLinkPost', 'https://www.tamimi.com/wp-admin/post.php?post=8196&amp;action=edit'),
(292425, 28090, 'ClientIP', '83.111.236.141'),
(292426, 28090, 'UserAgent', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Trident/7.0; rv:11.0) like Gecko'),
(292427, 28090, 'CurrentUserID', '5'),
(292428, 28090, 'CurrentUserRoles', 'a:2:{i:0;s:13:\"administrator\";i:1;s:10:\"superadmin\";}'),
(292429, 28090, 'SessionID', '6535c235a9f90e18d7d57d2663638b0ff441d6b7ae2c4bc928dca5f0cc8213ca'),
(292430, 28091, 'PostID', '4074'),
(292431, 28091, 'PostType', 'page'),
(292432, 28091, 'PostTitle', 'Lawyers'),
(292433, 28091, 'PostStatus', 'publish'),
(292434, 28091, 'PostDate', '2017-10-16 13:58:28'),
(292435, 28091, 'PostUrl', 'https://www.tamimi.com/our-firm/find-a-lawyer/'),
(292436, 28091, 'EditorLinkPost', 'https://www.tamimi.com/wp-admin/post.php?post=4074&amp;action=edit'),
(292437, 28091, 'ClientIP', '83.111.236.141'),
(292438, 28091, 'UserAgent', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Trident/7.0; rv:11.0) like Gecko'),
(292439, 28091, 'CurrentUserID', '5'),
(292440, 28091, 'CurrentUserRoles', 'a:2:{i:0;s:13:\"administrator\";i:1;s:10:\"superadmin\";}'),
(292441, 28091, 'SessionID', '6535c235a9f90e18d7d57d2663638b0ff441d6b7ae2c4bc928dca5f0cc8213ca'),
(292442, 28092, 'PostID', '507'),
(292443, 28092, 'PostType', 'lawyer'),
(292444, 28092, 'PostTitle', 'Andrea Tithecott'),
(292445, 28092, 'PostStatus', 'publish'),
(292446, 28092, 'PostDate', '2017-09-26 13:26:48'),
(292447, 28092, 'PostUrl', 'https://www.tamimi.com/lawyer/andrea-tithecott/'),
(292448, 28092, 'EditorLinkPost', 'https://www.tamimi.com/wp-admin/post.php?post=507&amp;action=edit'),
(292449, 28092, 'ClientIP', '83.111.236.141'),
(292450, 28092, 'UserAgent', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Trident/7.0; rv:11.0) like Gecko'),
(292451, 28092, 'CurrentUserID', '5'),
(292452, 28092, 'CurrentUserRoles', 'a:2:{i:0;s:13:\"administrator\";i:1;s:10:\"superadmin\";}'),
(292453, 28092, 'SessionID', '6535c235a9f90e18d7d57d2663638b0ff441d6b7ae2c4bc928dca5f0cc8213ca'),
(292454, 28093, 'PostID', '649'),
(292455, 28093, 'PostType', 'practice'),
(292456, 28093, 'PostTitle', 'Regulatory'),
(292457, 28093, 'PostStatus', 'publish'),
(292458, 28093, 'PostDate', '2017-09-27 10:57:53'),
(292459, 28093, 'PostUrl', 'https://www.tamimi.com/practice/regulatory/'),
(292460, 28093, 'EditorLinkPost', 'https://www.tamimi.com/wp-admin/post.php?post=649&amp;action=edit'),
(292461, 28093, 'ClientIP', '83.111.236.141'),
(292462, 28093, 'UserAgent', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Trident/7.0; rv:11.0) like Gecko'),
(292463, 28093, 'CurrentUserID', '5'),
(292464, 28093, 'CurrentUserRoles', 'a:2:{i:0;s:13:\"administrator\";i:1;s:10:\"superadmin\";}'),
(292465, 28093, 'SessionID', '6535c235a9f90e18d7d57d2663638b0ff441d6b7ae2c4bc928dca5f0cc8213ca'),
(292466, 28094, 'PostID', '8197'),
(292467, 28094, 'PostType', 'law_update_articles'),
(292468, 28094, 'PostTitle', 'Educational Institutions in UAE: Approvals Required for Public Benefit Activities and Fundraising'),
(292469, 28094, 'PostStatus', 'draft'),
(292470, 28094, 'PostDate', '2018-09-02 17:55:10'),
(292471, 28094, 'PostUrl', 'https://www.tamimi.com/?post_type=law_update_articles&p=8197'),
(292472, 28094, 'EditorLinkPost', 'https://www.tamimi.com/wp-admin/post.php?post=8197&amp;action=edit'),
(292473, 28094, 'ClientIP', '83.111.236.141'),
(292474, 28094, 'UserAgent', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Trident/7.0; rv:11.0) like Gecko'),
(292475, 28094, 'CurrentUserID', '5'),
(292476, 28094, 'CurrentUserRoles', 'a:2:{i:0;s:13:\"administrator\";i:1;s:10:\"superadmin\";}'),
(292477, 28094, 'SessionID', '6535c235a9f90e18d7d57d2663638b0ff441d6b7ae2c4bc928dca5f0cc8213ca'),
(292478, 28095, 'PostID', '8197'),
(292479, 28095, 'PostTitle', 'Educational Institutions in UAE: Approvals Required for Public Benefit Activities and Fundraising'),
(292480, 28095, 'PostStatus', 'draft'),
(292481, 28095, 'PostType', 'law_update_articles'),
(292482, 28095, 'PostDate', '2018-09-02 17:55:10'),
(292483, 28095, 'PostUrl', 'https://www.tamimi.com/?post_type=law_update_articles&p=8197'),
(292484, 28095, 'MetaKey', 'lawUpdateArticleMonth'),
(292485, 28095, 'MetaValue', '8183'),
(292486, 28095, 'MetaLink', 'lawUpdateArticleMonth'),
(292487, 28095, 'EditorLinkPost', 'https://www.tamimi.com/wp-admin/post.php?post=8197&amp;action=edit'),
(292488, 28095, 'ClientIP', '83.111.236.141'),
(292489, 28095, 'UserAgent', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Trident/7.0; rv:11.0) like Gecko'),
(292490, 28095, 'CurrentUserID', '5'),
(292491, 28095, 'CurrentUserRoles', 'a:2:{i:0;s:13:\"administrator\";i:1;s:10:\"superadmin\";}'),
(292492, 28095, 'SessionID', '6535c235a9f90e18d7d57d2663638b0ff441d6b7ae2c4bc928dca5f0cc8213ca'),
(292493, 28096, 'PostID', '8197'),
(292494, 28096, 'PostTitle', 'Educational Institutions in UAE: Approvals Required for Public Benefit Activities and Fundraising'),
(292495, 28096, 'PostStatus', 'draft'),
(292496, 28096, 'PostType', 'law_update_articles'),
(292497, 28096, 'PostDate', '2018-09-02 17:55:10'),
(292498, 28096, 'PostUrl', 'https://www.tamimi.com/?post_type=law_update_articles&p=8197'),
(292499, 28096, 'MetaKey', 'lawUpdateArticlePractices_0_lawUpdateArticlePractice'),
(292500, 28096, 'MetaValue', '649'),
(292501, 28096, 'MetaLink', 'lawUpdateArticlePractices_0_lawUpdateArticlePractice'),
(292502, 28096, 'EditorLinkPost', 'https://www.tamimi.com/wp-admin/post.php?post=8197&amp;action=edit'),
(292503, 28096, 'ClientIP', '83.111.236.141'),
(292504, 28096, 'UserAgent', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Trident/7.0; rv:11.0) like Gecko'),
(292505, 28096, 'CurrentUserID', '5'),
(292506, 28096, 'CurrentUserRoles', 'a:2:{i:0;s:13:\"administrator\";i:1;s:10:\"superadmin\";}'),
(292507, 28096, 'SessionID', '6535c235a9f90e18d7d57d2663638b0ff441d6b7ae2c4bc928dca5f0cc8213ca'),
(292508, 28097, 'PostID', '8197'),
(292509, 28097, 'PostTitle', 'Educational Institutions in UAE: Approvals Required for Public Benefit Activities and Fundraising'),
(292510, 28097, 'PostStatus', 'draft'),
(292511, 28097, 'PostType', 'law_update_articles'),
(292512, 28097, 'PostDate', '2018-09-02 17:55:10'),
(292513, 28097, 'PostUrl', 'https://www.tamimi.com/?post_type=law_update_articles&p=8197'),
(292514, 28097, 'MetaKey', 'lawUpdateArticlePractices'),
(292515, 28097, 'MetaValue', '1'),
(292516, 28097, 'MetaLink', 'lawUpdateArticlePractices'),
(292517, 28097, 'EditorLinkPost', 'https://www.tamimi.com/wp-admin/post.php?post=8197&amp;action=edit'),
(292518, 28097, 'ClientIP', '83.111.236.141'),
(292519, 28097, 'UserAgent', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Trident/7.0; rv:11.0) like Gecko'),
(292520, 28097, 'CurrentUserID', '5'),
(292521, 28097, 'CurrentUserRoles', 'a:2:{i:0;s:13:\"administrator\";i:1;s:10:\"superadmin\";}'),
(292522, 28097, 'SessionID', '6535c235a9f90e18d7d57d2663638b0ff441d6b7ae2c4bc928dca5f0cc8213ca'),
(292523, 28098, 'PostID', '8197'),
(292524, 28098, 'PostTitle', 'Educational Institutions in UAE: Approvals Required for Public Benefit Activities and Fundraising'),
(292525, 28098, 'PostStatus', 'draft'),
(292526, 28098, 'PostType', 'law_update_articles'),
(292527, 28098, 'PostDate', '2018-09-02 17:55:10'),
(292528, 28098, 'PostUrl', 'https://www.tamimi.com/?post_type=law_update_articles&p=8197'),
(292529, 28098, 'MetaKey', 'lawUpdateArticleSectors_0_lawUpdateArticleSector'),
(292530, 28098, 'MetaValue', '1570'),
(292531, 28098, 'MetaLink', 'lawUpdateArticleSectors_0_lawUpdateArticleSector'),
(292532, 28098, 'EditorLinkPost', 'https://www.tamimi.com/wp-admin/post.php?post=8197&amp;action=edit'),
(292533, 28098, 'ClientIP', '83.111.236.141'),
(292534, 28098, 'UserAgent', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Trident/7.0; rv:11.0) like Gecko'),
(292535, 28098, 'CurrentUserID', '5'),
(292536, 28098, 'CurrentUserRoles', 'a:2:{i:0;s:13:\"administrator\";i:1;s:10:\"superadmin\";}'),
(292537, 28098, 'SessionID', '6535c235a9f90e18d7d57d2663638b0ff441d6b7ae2c4bc928dca5f0cc8213ca'),
(292538, 28099, 'PostID', '8197'),
(292539, 28099, 'PostTitle', 'Educational Institutions in UAE: Approvals Required for Public Benefit Activities and Fundraising'),
(292540, 28099, 'PostStatus', 'draft'),
(292541, 28099, 'PostType', 'law_update_articles'),
(292542, 28099, 'PostDate', '2018-09-02 17:55:10'),
(292543, 28099, 'PostUrl', 'https://www.tamimi.com/?post_type=law_update_articles&p=8197'),
(292544, 28099, 'MetaKey', 'lawUpdateArticleSectors'),
(292545, 28099, 'MetaValue', '1'),
(292546, 28099, 'MetaLink', 'lawUpdateArticleSectors');
INSERT INTO `tm_wsal_metadata` (`id`, `occurrence_id`, `name`, `value`) VALUES
(292547, 28099, 'EditorLinkPost', 'https://www.tamimi.com/wp-admin/post.php?post=8197&amp;action=edit'),
(292548, 28099, 'ClientIP', '83.111.236.141'),
(292549, 28099, 'UserAgent', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Trident/7.0; rv:11.0) like Gecko'),
(292550, 28099, 'CurrentUserID', '5'),
(292551, 28099, 'CurrentUserRoles', 'a:2:{i:0;s:13:\"administrator\";i:1;s:10:\"superadmin\";}'),
(292552, 28099, 'SessionID', '6535c235a9f90e18d7d57d2663638b0ff441d6b7ae2c4bc928dca5f0cc8213ca'),
(292553, 28100, 'PostID', '8197'),
(292554, 28100, 'PostTitle', 'Educational Institutions in UAE: Approvals Required for Public Benefit Activities and Fundraising'),
(292555, 28100, 'PostStatus', 'draft'),
(292556, 28100, 'PostType', 'law_update_articles'),
(292557, 28100, 'PostDate', '2018-09-02 17:55:10'),
(292558, 28100, 'PostUrl', 'https://www.tamimi.com/?post_type=law_update_articles&p=8197'),
(292559, 28100, 'MetaKey', 'lawUpdateArticleWriters_0_lawUpdateArticleWriter'),
(292560, 28100, 'MetaValue', '507'),
(292561, 28100, 'MetaLink', 'lawUpdateArticleWriters_0_lawUpdateArticleWriter'),
(292562, 28100, 'EditorLinkPost', 'https://www.tamimi.com/wp-admin/post.php?post=8197&amp;action=edit'),
(292563, 28100, 'ClientIP', '83.111.236.141'),
(292564, 28100, 'UserAgent', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Trident/7.0; rv:11.0) like Gecko'),
(292565, 28100, 'CurrentUserID', '5'),
(292566, 28100, 'CurrentUserRoles', 'a:2:{i:0;s:13:\"administrator\";i:1;s:10:\"superadmin\";}'),
(292567, 28100, 'SessionID', '6535c235a9f90e18d7d57d2663638b0ff441d6b7ae2c4bc928dca5f0cc8213ca'),
(292568, 28101, 'PostID', '8197'),
(292569, 28101, 'PostTitle', 'Educational Institutions in UAE: Approvals Required for Public Benefit Activities and Fundraising'),
(292570, 28101, 'PostStatus', 'draft'),
(292571, 28101, 'PostType', 'law_update_articles'),
(292572, 28101, 'PostDate', '2018-09-02 17:55:10'),
(292573, 28101, 'PostUrl', 'https://www.tamimi.com/?post_type=law_update_articles&p=8197'),
(292574, 28101, 'MetaKey', 'lawUpdateArticleWriters'),
(292575, 28101, 'MetaValue', '1'),
(292576, 28101, 'MetaLink', 'lawUpdateArticleWriters'),
(292577, 28101, 'EditorLinkPost', 'https://www.tamimi.com/wp-admin/post.php?post=8197&amp;action=edit'),
(292578, 28101, 'ClientIP', '83.111.236.141'),
(292579, 28101, 'UserAgent', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Trident/7.0; rv:11.0) like Gecko'),
(292580, 28101, 'CurrentUserID', '5'),
(292581, 28101, 'CurrentUserRoles', 'a:2:{i:0;s:13:\"administrator\";i:1;s:10:\"superadmin\";}'),
(292582, 28101, 'SessionID', '6535c235a9f90e18d7d57d2663638b0ff441d6b7ae2c4bc928dca5f0cc8213ca'),
(292583, 28102, 'PostID', '8197'),
(292584, 28102, 'PostTitle', 'Educational Institutions in UAE: Approvals Required for Public Benefit Activities and Fundraising'),
(292585, 28102, 'PostStatus', 'draft'),
(292586, 28102, 'PostType', 'law_update_articles'),
(292587, 28102, 'PostDate', '2018-09-02 17:55:10'),
(292588, 28102, 'PostUrl', 'https://www.tamimi.com/?post_type=law_update_articles&p=8197'),
(292589, 28102, 'MetaKey', 'lawUpdateArticleNoWriters'),
(292590, 28102, 'MetaLink', 'lawUpdateArticleNoWriters'),
(292591, 28102, 'EditorLinkPost', 'https://www.tamimi.com/wp-admin/post.php?post=8197&amp;action=edit'),
(292592, 28102, 'ClientIP', '83.111.236.141'),
(292593, 28102, 'UserAgent', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Trident/7.0; rv:11.0) like Gecko'),
(292594, 28102, 'CurrentUserID', '5'),
(292595, 28102, 'CurrentUserRoles', 'a:2:{i:0;s:13:\"administrator\";i:1;s:10:\"superadmin\";}'),
(292596, 28102, 'SessionID', '6535c235a9f90e18d7d57d2663638b0ff441d6b7ae2c4bc928dca5f0cc8213ca'),
(292597, 28103, 'PostID', '8197'),
(292598, 28103, 'PostType', 'law_update_articles'),
(292599, 28103, 'PostTitle', 'Educational Institutions in UAE: Approvals Required for Public Benefit Activities and Fundraising'),
(292600, 28103, 'PostStatus', 'draft'),
(292601, 28103, 'PostDate', '2018-09-02 17:55:10'),
(292602, 28103, 'PostUrl', 'https://www.tamimi.com/?post_type=law_update_articles&p=8197'),
(292603, 28103, 'EditorLinkPost', 'https://www.tamimi.com/wp-admin/post.php?post=8197&amp;action=edit'),
(292604, 28103, 'ClientIP', '83.111.236.141'),
(292605, 28103, 'UserAgent', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Trident/7.0; rv:11.0) like Gecko'),
(292606, 28103, 'CurrentUserID', '5'),
(292607, 28103, 'CurrentUserRoles', 'a:2:{i:0;s:13:\"administrator\";i:1;s:10:\"superadmin\";}'),
(292608, 28103, 'SessionID', '6535c235a9f90e18d7d57d2663638b0ff441d6b7ae2c4bc928dca5f0cc8213ca'),
(292609, 28104, 'PostID', '8197'),
(292610, 28104, 'PostType', 'law_update_articles'),
(292611, 28104, 'PostTitle', 'Educational Institutions in UAE: Approvals Required for Public Benefit Activities and Fundraising'),
(292612, 28104, 'PostStatus', 'draft'),
(292613, 28104, 'PostDate', '2018-09-02 17:55:10'),
(292614, 28104, 'PostUrl', 'https://www.tamimi.com/?post_type=law_update_articles&p=8197'),
(292615, 28104, 'EditorLinkPost', 'https://www.tamimi.com/wp-admin/post.php?post=8197&amp;action=edit'),
(292616, 28104, 'ClientIP', '83.111.236.141'),
(292617, 28104, 'UserAgent', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Trident/7.0; rv:11.0) like Gecko'),
(292618, 28104, 'CurrentUserID', '5'),
(292619, 28104, 'CurrentUserRoles', 'a:2:{i:0;s:13:\"administrator\";i:1;s:10:\"superadmin\";}'),
(292620, 28104, 'SessionID', '6535c235a9f90e18d7d57d2663638b0ff441d6b7ae2c4bc928dca5f0cc8213ca'),
(292621, 28105, 'PostID', '8197'),
(292622, 28105, 'PostType', 'law_update_articles'),
(292623, 28105, 'PostTitle', 'Educational Institutions in UAE: Approvals Required for Public Benefit Activities and Fundraising'),
(292624, 28105, 'PostStatus', 'draft'),
(292625, 28105, 'PostDate', '2018-09-02 17:55:32'),
(292626, 28105, 'PostUrl', 'https://www.tamimi.com/?post_type=law_update_articles&p=8197'),
(292627, 28105, 'EditorLinkPost', 'https://www.tamimi.com/wp-admin/post.php?post=8197&amp;action=edit'),
(292628, 28105, 'ClientIP', '83.111.236.141'),
(292629, 28105, 'UserAgent', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Trident/7.0; rv:11.0) like Gecko'),
(292630, 28105, 'CurrentUserID', '5'),
(292631, 28105, 'CurrentUserRoles', 'a:2:{i:0;s:13:\"administrator\";i:1;s:10:\"superadmin\";}'),
(292632, 28105, 'SessionID', '6535c235a9f90e18d7d57d2663638b0ff441d6b7ae2c4bc928dca5f0cc8213ca'),
(292633, 28106, 'PostID', '649'),
(292634, 28106, 'PostType', 'practice'),
(292635, 28106, 'PostTitle', 'Regulatory'),
(292636, 28106, 'PostStatus', 'publish'),
(292637, 28106, 'PostDate', '2017-09-27 10:57:53'),
(292638, 28106, 'PostUrl', 'https://www.tamimi.com/practice/regulatory/'),
(292639, 28106, 'EditorLinkPost', 'https://www.tamimi.com/wp-admin/post.php?post=649&amp;action=edit'),
(292640, 28106, 'ClientIP', '83.111.236.141'),
(292641, 28106, 'UserAgent', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Trident/7.0; rv:11.0) like Gecko'),
(292642, 28106, 'CurrentUserID', '5'),
(292643, 28106, 'CurrentUserRoles', 'a:2:{i:0;s:13:\"administrator\";i:1;s:10:\"superadmin\";}'),
(292644, 28106, 'SessionID', '6535c235a9f90e18d7d57d2663638b0ff441d6b7ae2c4bc928dca5f0cc8213ca'),
(292645, 28107, 'PostID', '4074'),
(292646, 28107, 'PostType', 'page'),
(292647, 28107, 'PostTitle', 'Lawyers'),
(292648, 28107, 'PostStatus', 'publish'),
(292649, 28107, 'PostDate', '2017-10-16 13:58:28'),
(292650, 28107, 'PostUrl', 'https://www.tamimi.com/our-firm/find-a-lawyer/'),
(292651, 28107, 'EditorLinkPost', 'https://www.tamimi.com/wp-admin/post.php?post=4074&amp;action=edit'),
(292652, 28107, 'ClientIP', '83.111.236.141'),
(292653, 28107, 'UserAgent', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Trident/7.0; rv:11.0) like Gecko'),
(292654, 28107, 'CurrentUserID', '5'),
(292655, 28107, 'CurrentUserRoles', 'a:2:{i:0;s:13:\"administrator\";i:1;s:10:\"superadmin\";}'),
(292656, 28107, 'SessionID', '6535c235a9f90e18d7d57d2663638b0ff441d6b7ae2c4bc928dca5f0cc8213ca'),
(292657, 28108, 'PostID', '4074'),
(292658, 28108, 'PostType', 'page'),
(292659, 28108, 'PostTitle', 'Lawyers'),
(292660, 28108, 'PostStatus', 'publish'),
(292661, 28108, 'PostDate', '2017-10-16 13:58:28'),
(292662, 28108, 'PostUrl', 'https://www.tamimi.com/our-firm/find-a-lawyer/'),
(292663, 28108, 'EditorLinkPost', 'https://www.tamimi.com/wp-admin/post.php?post=4074&amp;action=edit'),
(292664, 28108, 'ClientIP', '83.111.236.141'),
(292665, 28108, 'UserAgent', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Trident/7.0; rv:11.0) like Gecko'),
(292666, 28108, 'CurrentUserID', '5'),
(292667, 28108, 'CurrentUserRoles', 'a:2:{i:0;s:13:\"administrator\";i:1;s:10:\"superadmin\";}'),
(292668, 28108, 'SessionID', '6535c235a9f90e18d7d57d2663638b0ff441d6b7ae2c4bc928dca5f0cc8213ca'),
(292669, 28109, 'PostID', '860'),
(292670, 28109, 'PostType', 'lawyer'),
(292671, 28109, 'PostTitle', 'Jeremy Scott'),
(292672, 28109, 'PostStatus', 'publish'),
(292673, 28109, 'PostDate', '2017-09-28 07:24:54'),
(292674, 28109, 'PostUrl', 'https://www.tamimi.com/lawyer/jeremy-scott/'),
(292675, 28109, 'EditorLinkPost', 'https://www.tamimi.com/wp-admin/post.php?post=860&amp;action=edit'),
(292676, 28109, 'ClientIP', '83.111.236.141'),
(292677, 28109, 'UserAgent', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Trident/7.0; rv:11.0) like Gecko'),
(292678, 28109, 'CurrentUserID', '5'),
(292679, 28109, 'CurrentUserRoles', 'a:2:{i:0;s:13:\"administrator\";i:1;s:10:\"superadmin\";}'),
(292680, 28109, 'SessionID', '6535c235a9f90e18d7d57d2663638b0ff441d6b7ae2c4bc928dca5f0cc8213ca'),
(292681, 28110, 'PostID', '648'),
(292682, 28110, 'PostType', 'practice'),
(292683, 28110, 'PostTitle', 'Real Estate'),
(292684, 28110, 'PostStatus', 'publish'),
(292685, 28110, 'PostDate', '2017-09-27 10:57:23'),
(292686, 28110, 'PostUrl', 'https://www.tamimi.com/practice/real-estate/'),
(292687, 28110, 'EditorLinkPost', 'https://www.tamimi.com/wp-admin/post.php?post=648&amp;action=edit'),
(292688, 28110, 'ClientIP', '83.111.236.141'),
(292689, 28110, 'UserAgent', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Trident/7.0; rv:11.0) like Gecko'),
(292690, 28110, 'CurrentUserID', '5'),
(292691, 28110, 'CurrentUserRoles', 'a:2:{i:0;s:13:\"administrator\";i:1;s:10:\"superadmin\";}'),
(292692, 28110, 'SessionID', '6535c235a9f90e18d7d57d2663638b0ff441d6b7ae2c4bc928dca5f0cc8213ca'),
(292693, 28111, 'PostID', '8198'),
(292694, 28111, 'PostType', 'law_update_articles'),
(292695, 28111, 'PostTitle', 'Build to Suit Education Projects'),
(292696, 28111, 'PostStatus', 'draft'),
(292697, 28111, 'PostDate', '2018-09-02 18:03:35'),
(292698, 28111, 'PostUrl', 'https://www.tamimi.com/?post_type=law_update_articles&p=8198'),
(292699, 28111, 'EditorLinkPost', 'https://www.tamimi.com/wp-admin/post.php?post=8198&amp;action=edit'),
(292700, 28111, 'ClientIP', '83.111.236.141'),
(292701, 28111, 'UserAgent', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Trident/7.0; rv:11.0) like Gecko'),
(292702, 28111, 'CurrentUserID', '5'),
(292703, 28111, 'CurrentUserRoles', 'a:2:{i:0;s:13:\"administrator\";i:1;s:10:\"superadmin\";}'),
(292704, 28111, 'SessionID', '6535c235a9f90e18d7d57d2663638b0ff441d6b7ae2c4bc928dca5f0cc8213ca'),
(292705, 28112, 'PostID', '8198'),
(292706, 28112, 'PostTitle', 'Build to Suit Education Projects'),
(292707, 28112, 'PostStatus', 'draft'),
(292708, 28112, 'PostType', 'law_update_articles'),
(292709, 28112, 'PostDate', '2018-09-02 18:03:35'),
(292710, 28112, 'PostUrl', 'https://www.tamimi.com/?post_type=law_update_articles&p=8198'),
(292711, 28112, 'MetaKey', 'lawUpdateArticleMonth'),
(292712, 28112, 'MetaValue', '8183'),
(292713, 28112, 'MetaLink', 'lawUpdateArticleMonth'),
(292714, 28112, 'EditorLinkPost', 'https://www.tamimi.com/wp-admin/post.php?post=8198&amp;action=edit'),
(292715, 28112, 'ClientIP', '83.111.236.141'),
(292716, 28112, 'UserAgent', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Trident/7.0; rv:11.0) like Gecko'),
(292717, 28112, 'CurrentUserID', '5'),
(292718, 28112, 'CurrentUserRoles', 'a:2:{i:0;s:13:\"administrator\";i:1;s:10:\"superadmin\";}'),
(292719, 28112, 'SessionID', '6535c235a9f90e18d7d57d2663638b0ff441d6b7ae2c4bc928dca5f0cc8213ca'),
(292720, 28113, 'PostID', '8198'),
(292721, 28113, 'PostTitle', 'Build to Suit Education Projects'),
(292722, 28113, 'PostStatus', 'draft'),
(292723, 28113, 'PostType', 'law_update_articles'),
(292724, 28113, 'PostDate', '2018-09-02 18:03:35'),
(292725, 28113, 'PostUrl', 'https://www.tamimi.com/?post_type=law_update_articles&p=8198'),
(292726, 28113, 'MetaKey', 'lawUpdateArticlePractices_0_lawUpdateArticlePractice'),
(292727, 28113, 'MetaValue', '648'),
(292728, 28113, 'MetaLink', 'lawUpdateArticlePractices_0_lawUpdateArticlePractice'),
(292729, 28113, 'EditorLinkPost', 'https://www.tamimi.com/wp-admin/post.php?post=8198&amp;action=edit'),
(292730, 28113, 'ClientIP', '83.111.236.141'),
(292731, 28113, 'UserAgent', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Trident/7.0; rv:11.0) like Gecko'),
(292732, 28113, 'CurrentUserID', '5'),
(292733, 28113, 'CurrentUserRoles', 'a:2:{i:0;s:13:\"administrator\";i:1;s:10:\"superadmin\";}'),
(292734, 28113, 'SessionID', '6535c235a9f90e18d7d57d2663638b0ff441d6b7ae2c4bc928dca5f0cc8213ca'),
(292735, 28114, 'PostID', '8198'),
(292736, 28114, 'PostTitle', 'Build to Suit Education Projects'),
(292737, 28114, 'PostStatus', 'draft'),
(292738, 28114, 'PostType', 'law_update_articles'),
(292739, 28114, 'PostDate', '2018-09-02 18:03:35'),
(292740, 28114, 'PostUrl', 'https://www.tamimi.com/?post_type=law_update_articles&p=8198'),
(292741, 28114, 'MetaKey', 'lawUpdateArticlePractices'),
(292742, 28114, 'MetaValue', '1'),
(292743, 28114, 'MetaLink', 'lawUpdateArticlePractices'),
(292744, 28114, 'EditorLinkPost', 'https://www.tamimi.com/wp-admin/post.php?post=8198&amp;action=edit'),
(292745, 28114, 'ClientIP', '83.111.236.141'),
(292746, 28114, 'UserAgent', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Trident/7.0; rv:11.0) like Gecko'),
(292747, 28114, 'CurrentUserID', '5'),
(292748, 28114, 'CurrentUserRoles', 'a:2:{i:0;s:13:\"administrator\";i:1;s:10:\"superadmin\";}'),
(292749, 28114, 'SessionID', '6535c235a9f90e18d7d57d2663638b0ff441d6b7ae2c4bc928dca5f0cc8213ca'),
(292750, 28115, 'PostID', '8198'),
(292751, 28115, 'PostTitle', 'Build to Suit Education Projects'),
(292752, 28115, 'PostStatus', 'draft'),
(292753, 28115, 'PostType', 'law_update_articles'),
(292754, 28115, 'PostDate', '2018-09-02 18:03:35'),
(292755, 28115, 'PostUrl', 'https://www.tamimi.com/?post_type=law_update_articles&p=8198'),
(292756, 28115, 'MetaKey', 'lawUpdateArticleSectors_0_lawUpdateArticleSector'),
(292757, 28115, 'MetaValue', '1570'),
(292758, 28115, 'MetaLink', 'lawUpdateArticleSectors_0_lawUpdateArticleSector'),
(292759, 28115, 'EditorLinkPost', 'https://www.tamimi.com/wp-admin/post.php?post=8198&amp;action=edit'),
(292760, 28115, 'ClientIP', '83.111.236.141'),
(292761, 28115, 'UserAgent', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Trident/7.0; rv:11.0) like Gecko'),
(292762, 28115, 'CurrentUserID', '5'),
(292763, 28115, 'CurrentUserRoles', 'a:2:{i:0;s:13:\"administrator\";i:1;s:10:\"superadmin\";}'),
(292764, 28115, 'SessionID', '6535c235a9f90e18d7d57d2663638b0ff441d6b7ae2c4bc928dca5f0cc8213ca'),
(292765, 28116, 'PostID', '8198'),
(292766, 28116, 'PostTitle', 'Build to Suit Education Projects'),
(292767, 28116, 'PostStatus', 'draft'),
(292768, 28116, 'PostType', 'law_update_articles'),
(292769, 28116, 'PostDate', '2018-09-02 18:03:35'),
(292770, 28116, 'PostUrl', 'https://www.tamimi.com/?post_type=law_update_articles&p=8198'),
(292771, 28116, 'MetaKey', 'lawUpdateArticleSectors'),
(292772, 28116, 'MetaValue', '1'),
(292773, 28116, 'MetaLink', 'lawUpdateArticleSectors'),
(292774, 28116, 'EditorLinkPost', 'https://www.tamimi.com/wp-admin/post.php?post=8198&amp;action=edit'),
(292775, 28116, 'ClientIP', '83.111.236.141'),
(292776, 28116, 'UserAgent', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Trident/7.0; rv:11.0) like Gecko'),
(292777, 28116, 'CurrentUserID', '5'),
(292778, 28116, 'CurrentUserRoles', 'a:2:{i:0;s:13:\"administrator\";i:1;s:10:\"superadmin\";}'),
(292779, 28116, 'SessionID', '6535c235a9f90e18d7d57d2663638b0ff441d6b7ae2c4bc928dca5f0cc8213ca'),
(292780, 28117, 'PostID', '8198'),
(292781, 28117, 'PostTitle', 'Build to Suit Education Projects'),
(292782, 28117, 'PostStatus', 'draft'),
(292783, 28117, 'PostType', 'law_update_articles'),
(292784, 28117, 'PostDate', '2018-09-02 18:03:35'),
(292785, 28117, 'PostUrl', 'https://www.tamimi.com/?post_type=law_update_articles&p=8198'),
(292786, 28117, 'MetaKey', 'lawUpdateArticleWriters_0_lawUpdateArticleWriter'),
(292787, 28117, 'MetaValue', '860'),
(292788, 28117, 'MetaLink', 'lawUpdateArticleWriters_0_lawUpdateArticleWriter'),
(292789, 28117, 'EditorLinkPost', 'https://www.tamimi.com/wp-admin/post.php?post=8198&amp;action=edit'),
(292790, 28117, 'ClientIP', '83.111.236.141'),
(292791, 28117, 'UserAgent', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Trident/7.0; rv:11.0) like Gecko'),
(292792, 28117, 'CurrentUserID', '5'),
(292793, 28117, 'CurrentUserRoles', 'a:2:{i:0;s:13:\"administrator\";i:1;s:10:\"superadmin\";}'),
(292794, 28117, 'SessionID', '6535c235a9f90e18d7d57d2663638b0ff441d6b7ae2c4bc928dca5f0cc8213ca'),
(292795, 28118, 'PostID', '8198'),
(292796, 28118, 'PostTitle', 'Build to Suit Education Projects'),
(292797, 28118, 'PostStatus', 'draft'),
(292798, 28118, 'PostType', 'law_update_articles'),
(292799, 28118, 'PostDate', '2018-09-02 18:03:35'),
(292800, 28118, 'PostUrl', 'https://www.tamimi.com/?post_type=law_update_articles&p=8198'),
(292801, 28118, 'MetaKey', 'lawUpdateArticleWriters'),
(292802, 28118, 'MetaValue', '1'),
(292803, 28118, 'MetaLink', 'lawUpdateArticleWriters'),
(292804, 28118, 'EditorLinkPost', 'https://www.tamimi.com/wp-admin/post.php?post=8198&amp;action=edit'),
(292805, 28118, 'ClientIP', '83.111.236.141'),
(292806, 28118, 'UserAgent', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Trident/7.0; rv:11.0) like Gecko'),
(292807, 28118, 'CurrentUserID', '5'),
(292808, 28118, 'CurrentUserRoles', 'a:2:{i:0;s:13:\"administrator\";i:1;s:10:\"superadmin\";}'),
(292809, 28118, 'SessionID', '6535c235a9f90e18d7d57d2663638b0ff441d6b7ae2c4bc928dca5f0cc8213ca'),
(292810, 28119, 'PostID', '8198'),
(292811, 28119, 'PostTitle', 'Build to Suit Education Projects'),
(292812, 28119, 'PostStatus', 'draft'),
(292813, 28119, 'PostType', 'law_update_articles'),
(292814, 28119, 'PostDate', '2018-09-02 18:03:35'),
(292815, 28119, 'PostUrl', 'https://www.tamimi.com/?post_type=law_update_articles&p=8198'),
(292816, 28119, 'MetaKey', 'lawUpdateArticleNoWriters'),
(292817, 28119, 'MetaLink', 'lawUpdateArticleNoWriters'),
(292818, 28119, 'EditorLinkPost', 'https://www.tamimi.com/wp-admin/post.php?post=8198&amp;action=edit'),
(292819, 28119, 'ClientIP', '83.111.236.141'),
(292820, 28119, 'UserAgent', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Trident/7.0; rv:11.0) like Gecko'),
(292821, 28119, 'CurrentUserID', '5'),
(292822, 28119, 'CurrentUserRoles', 'a:2:{i:0;s:13:\"administrator\";i:1;s:10:\"superadmin\";}'),
(292823, 28119, 'SessionID', '6535c235a9f90e18d7d57d2663638b0ff441d6b7ae2c4bc928dca5f0cc8213ca'),
(292824, 28120, 'PostID', '8198'),
(292825, 28120, 'PostType', 'law_update_articles'),
(292826, 28120, 'PostTitle', 'Build to Suit Education Projects'),
(292827, 28120, 'PostStatus', 'draft'),
(292828, 28120, 'PostDate', '2018-09-02 18:03:35'),
(292829, 28120, 'PostUrl', 'https://www.tamimi.com/?post_type=law_update_articles&p=8198'),
(292830, 28120, 'EditorLinkPost', 'https://www.tamimi.com/wp-admin/post.php?post=8198&amp;action=edit'),
(292831, 28120, 'ClientIP', '83.111.236.141'),
(292832, 28120, 'UserAgent', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Trident/7.0; rv:11.0) like Gecko'),
(292833, 28120, 'CurrentUserID', '5'),
(292834, 28120, 'CurrentUserRoles', 'a:2:{i:0;s:13:\"administrator\";i:1;s:10:\"superadmin\";}'),
(292835, 28120, 'SessionID', '6535c235a9f90e18d7d57d2663638b0ff441d6b7ae2c4bc928dca5f0cc8213ca'),
(292836, 28121, 'PostID', '8198'),
(292837, 28121, 'PostType', 'law_update_articles'),
(292838, 28121, 'PostTitle', 'Build to Suit Education Projects'),
(292839, 28121, 'PostStatus', 'draft'),
(292840, 28121, 'PostDate', '2018-09-02 18:03:35'),
(292841, 28121, 'PostUrl', 'https://www.tamimi.com/?post_type=law_update_articles&p=8198'),
(292842, 28121, 'EditorLinkPost', 'https://www.tamimi.com/wp-admin/post.php?post=8198&amp;action=edit'),
(292843, 28121, 'ClientIP', '83.111.236.141'),
(292844, 28121, 'UserAgent', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Trident/7.0; rv:11.0) like Gecko'),
(292845, 28121, 'CurrentUserID', '5'),
(292846, 28121, 'CurrentUserRoles', 'a:2:{i:0;s:13:\"administrator\";i:1;s:10:\"superadmin\";}'),
(292847, 28121, 'SessionID', '6535c235a9f90e18d7d57d2663638b0ff441d6b7ae2c4bc928dca5f0cc8213ca'),
(292848, 28122, 'PostID', '8198'),
(292849, 28122, 'PostType', 'law_update_articles'),
(292850, 28122, 'PostTitle', 'Build to Suit Education Projects'),
(292851, 28122, 'PostStatus', 'draft'),
(292852, 28122, 'PostDate', '2018-09-02 18:04:17'),
(292853, 28122, 'PostUrl', 'https://www.tamimi.com/?post_type=law_update_articles&p=8198'),
(292854, 28122, 'EditorLinkPost', 'https://www.tamimi.com/wp-admin/post.php?post=8198&amp;action=edit'),
(292855, 28122, 'ClientIP', '83.111.236.141'),
(292856, 28122, 'UserAgent', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Trident/7.0; rv:11.0) like Gecko'),
(292857, 28122, 'CurrentUserID', '5'),
(292858, 28122, 'CurrentUserRoles', 'a:2:{i:0;s:13:\"administrator\";i:1;s:10:\"superadmin\";}'),
(292859, 28122, 'SessionID', '6535c235a9f90e18d7d57d2663638b0ff441d6b7ae2c4bc928dca5f0cc8213ca'),
(292860, 28123, 'PostID', '651'),
(292861, 28123, 'PostType', 'practice'),
(292862, 28123, 'PostTitle', 'Tax'),
(292863, 28123, 'PostStatus', 'publish'),
(292864, 28123, 'PostDate', '2017-09-27 11:02:49'),
(292865, 28123, 'PostUrl', 'https://www.tamimi.com/practice/tax/'),
(292866, 28123, 'EditorLinkPost', 'https://www.tamimi.com/wp-admin/post.php?post=651&amp;action=edit'),
(292867, 28123, 'ClientIP', '83.111.236.141'),
(292868, 28123, 'UserAgent', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Trident/7.0; rv:11.0) like Gecko'),
(292869, 28123, 'CurrentUserID', '5'),
(292870, 28123, 'CurrentUserRoles', 'a:2:{i:0;s:13:\"administrator\";i:1;s:10:\"superadmin\";}'),
(292871, 28123, 'SessionID', '6535c235a9f90e18d7d57d2663638b0ff441d6b7ae2c4bc928dca5f0cc8213ca'),
(292872, 28124, 'PostID', '923'),
(292873, 28124, 'PostType', 'lawyer'),
(292874, 28124, 'PostTitle', 'Shiraz Khan'),
(292875, 28124, 'PostStatus', 'publish'),
(292876, 28124, 'PostDate', '2017-09-28 09:29:20'),
(292877, 28124, 'PostUrl', 'https://www.tamimi.com/lawyer/shiraz-khan/'),
(292878, 28124, 'EditorLinkPost', 'https://www.tamimi.com/wp-admin/post.php?post=923&amp;action=edit'),
(292879, 28124, 'ClientIP', '83.111.236.141'),
(292880, 28124, 'UserAgent', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Trident/7.0; rv:11.0) like Gecko'),
(292881, 28124, 'CurrentUserID', '5'),
(292882, 28124, 'CurrentUserRoles', 'a:2:{i:0;s:13:\"administrator\";i:1;s:10:\"superadmin\";}'),
(292883, 28124, 'SessionID', '6535c235a9f90e18d7d57d2663638b0ff441d6b7ae2c4bc928dca5f0cc8213ca'),
(292884, 28125, 'PostID', '7144'),
(292885, 28125, 'PostType', 'lawyer'),
(292886, 28125, 'PostTitle', 'Janet Gooi'),
(292887, 28125, 'PostStatus', 'publish'),
(292888, 28125, 'PostDate', '2018-02-13 11:25:38'),
(292889, 28125, 'PostUrl', 'https://www.tamimi.com/lawyer/janet-gooi/'),
(292890, 28125, 'EditorLinkPost', 'https://www.tamimi.com/wp-admin/post.php?post=7144&amp;action=edit'),
(292891, 28125, 'ClientIP', '83.111.236.141'),
(292892, 28125, 'UserAgent', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Trident/7.0; rv:11.0) like Gecko'),
(292893, 28125, 'CurrentUserID', '5'),
(292894, 28125, 'CurrentUserRoles', 'a:2:{i:0;s:13:\"administrator\";i:1;s:10:\"superadmin\";}'),
(292895, 28125, 'SessionID', '6535c235a9f90e18d7d57d2663638b0ff441d6b7ae2c4bc928dca5f0cc8213ca'),
(292896, 28126, 'PostID', '8199'),
(292897, 28126, 'PostType', 'law_update_articles'),
(292898, 28126, 'PostTitle', 'VAT 2.0: The Story So Far'),
(292899, 28126, 'PostStatus', 'draft'),
(292900, 28126, 'PostDate', '2018-09-02 18:19:11'),
(292901, 28126, 'PostUrl', 'https://www.tamimi.com/?post_type=law_update_articles&p=8199'),
(292902, 28126, 'EditorLinkPost', 'https://www.tamimi.com/wp-admin/post.php?post=8199&amp;action=edit'),
(292903, 28126, 'ClientIP', '83.111.236.141'),
(292904, 28126, 'UserAgent', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Trident/7.0; rv:11.0) like Gecko'),
(292905, 28126, 'CurrentUserID', '5'),
(292906, 28126, 'CurrentUserRoles', 'a:2:{i:0;s:13:\"administrator\";i:1;s:10:\"superadmin\";}'),
(292907, 28126, 'SessionID', '6535c235a9f90e18d7d57d2663638b0ff441d6b7ae2c4bc928dca5f0cc8213ca'),
(292908, 28127, 'PostID', '8199'),
(292909, 28127, 'PostTitle', 'VAT 2.0: The Story So Far'),
(292910, 28127, 'PostStatus', 'draft'),
(292911, 28127, 'PostType', 'law_update_articles'),
(292912, 28127, 'PostDate', '2018-09-02 18:19:11'),
(292913, 28127, 'PostUrl', 'https://www.tamimi.com/?post_type=law_update_articles&p=8199'),
(292914, 28127, 'MetaKey', 'lawUpdateArticleMonth'),
(292915, 28127, 'MetaValue', '8183'),
(292916, 28127, 'MetaLink', 'lawUpdateArticleMonth'),
(292917, 28127, 'EditorLinkPost', 'https://www.tamimi.com/wp-admin/post.php?post=8199&amp;action=edit'),
(292918, 28127, 'ClientIP', '83.111.236.141'),
(292919, 28127, 'UserAgent', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Trident/7.0; rv:11.0) like Gecko'),
(292920, 28127, 'CurrentUserID', '5'),
(292921, 28127, 'CurrentUserRoles', 'a:2:{i:0;s:13:\"administrator\";i:1;s:10:\"superadmin\";}'),
(292922, 28127, 'SessionID', '6535c235a9f90e18d7d57d2663638b0ff441d6b7ae2c4bc928dca5f0cc8213ca'),
(292923, 28128, 'PostID', '8199'),
(292924, 28128, 'PostTitle', 'VAT 2.0: The Story So Far'),
(292925, 28128, 'PostStatus', 'draft'),
(292926, 28128, 'PostType', 'law_update_articles'),
(292927, 28128, 'PostDate', '2018-09-02 18:19:11'),
(292928, 28128, 'PostUrl', 'https://www.tamimi.com/?post_type=law_update_articles&p=8199'),
(292929, 28128, 'MetaKey', 'lawUpdateArticlePractices_0_lawUpdateArticlePractice'),
(292930, 28128, 'MetaValue', '651'),
(292931, 28128, 'MetaLink', 'lawUpdateArticlePractices_0_lawUpdateArticlePractice'),
(292932, 28128, 'EditorLinkPost', 'https://www.tamimi.com/wp-admin/post.php?post=8199&amp;action=edit'),
(292933, 28128, 'ClientIP', '83.111.236.141'),
(292934, 28128, 'UserAgent', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Trident/7.0; rv:11.0) like Gecko'),
(292935, 28128, 'CurrentUserID', '5'),
(292936, 28128, 'CurrentUserRoles', 'a:2:{i:0;s:13:\"administrator\";i:1;s:10:\"superadmin\";}'),
(292937, 28128, 'SessionID', '6535c235a9f90e18d7d57d2663638b0ff441d6b7ae2c4bc928dca5f0cc8213ca'),
(292938, 28129, 'PostID', '8199'),
(292939, 28129, 'PostTitle', 'VAT 2.0: The Story So Far'),
(292940, 28129, 'PostStatus', 'draft'),
(292941, 28129, 'PostType', 'law_update_articles'),
(292942, 28129, 'PostDate', '2018-09-02 18:19:11'),
(292943, 28129, 'PostUrl', 'https://www.tamimi.com/?post_type=law_update_articles&p=8199'),
(292944, 28129, 'MetaKey', 'lawUpdateArticlePractices'),
(292945, 28129, 'MetaValue', '1'),
(292946, 28129, 'MetaLink', 'lawUpdateArticlePractices'),
(292947, 28129, 'EditorLinkPost', 'https://www.tamimi.com/wp-admin/post.php?post=8199&amp;action=edit'),
(292948, 28129, 'ClientIP', '83.111.236.141'),
(292949, 28129, 'UserAgent', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Trident/7.0; rv:11.0) like Gecko'),
(292950, 28129, 'CurrentUserID', '5'),
(292951, 28129, 'CurrentUserRoles', 'a:2:{i:0;s:13:\"administrator\";i:1;s:10:\"superadmin\";}'),
(292952, 28129, 'SessionID', '6535c235a9f90e18d7d57d2663638b0ff441d6b7ae2c4bc928dca5f0cc8213ca'),
(292953, 28130, 'PostID', '8199'),
(292954, 28130, 'PostTitle', 'VAT 2.0: The Story So Far'),
(292955, 28130, 'PostStatus', 'draft'),
(292956, 28130, 'PostType', 'law_update_articles'),
(292957, 28130, 'PostDate', '2018-09-02 18:19:11'),
(292958, 28130, 'PostUrl', 'https://www.tamimi.com/?post_type=law_update_articles&p=8199'),
(292959, 28130, 'MetaKey', 'lawUpdateArticleSectors_0_lawUpdateArticleSector'),
(292960, 28130, 'MetaValue', '1570'),
(292961, 28130, 'MetaLink', 'lawUpdateArticleSectors_0_lawUpdateArticleSector'),
(292962, 28130, 'EditorLinkPost', 'https://www.tamimi.com/wp-admin/post.php?post=8199&amp;action=edit'),
(292963, 28130, 'ClientIP', '83.111.236.141'),
(292964, 28130, 'UserAgent', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Trident/7.0; rv:11.0) like Gecko'),
(292965, 28130, 'CurrentUserID', '5'),
(292966, 28130, 'CurrentUserRoles', 'a:2:{i:0;s:13:\"administrator\";i:1;s:10:\"superadmin\";}'),
(292967, 28130, 'SessionID', '6535c235a9f90e18d7d57d2663638b0ff441d6b7ae2c4bc928dca5f0cc8213ca'),
(292968, 28131, 'PostID', '8199'),
(292969, 28131, 'PostTitle', 'VAT 2.0: The Story So Far'),
(292970, 28131, 'PostStatus', 'draft'),
(292971, 28131, 'PostType', 'law_update_articles'),
(292972, 28131, 'PostDate', '2018-09-02 18:19:11'),
(292973, 28131, 'PostUrl', 'https://www.tamimi.com/?post_type=law_update_articles&p=8199'),
(292974, 28131, 'MetaKey', 'lawUpdateArticleSectors'),
(292975, 28131, 'MetaValue', '1'),
(292976, 28131, 'MetaLink', 'lawUpdateArticleSectors'),
(292977, 28131, 'EditorLinkPost', 'https://www.tamimi.com/wp-admin/post.php?post=8199&amp;action=edit'),
(292978, 28131, 'ClientIP', '83.111.236.141'),
(292979, 28131, 'UserAgent', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Trident/7.0; rv:11.0) like Gecko'),
(292980, 28131, 'CurrentUserID', '5'),
(292981, 28131, 'CurrentUserRoles', 'a:2:{i:0;s:13:\"administrator\";i:1;s:10:\"superadmin\";}'),
(292982, 28131, 'SessionID', '6535c235a9f90e18d7d57d2663638b0ff441d6b7ae2c4bc928dca5f0cc8213ca'),
(292983, 28132, 'PostID', '8199'),
(292984, 28132, 'PostTitle', 'VAT 2.0: The Story So Far'),
(292985, 28132, 'PostStatus', 'draft'),
(292986, 28132, 'PostType', 'law_update_articles'),
(292987, 28132, 'PostDate', '2018-09-02 18:19:11'),
(292988, 28132, 'PostUrl', 'https://www.tamimi.com/?post_type=law_update_articles&p=8199'),
(292989, 28132, 'MetaKey', 'lawUpdateArticleWriters_0_lawUpdateArticleWriter'),
(292990, 28132, 'MetaValue', '923'),
(292991, 28132, 'MetaLink', 'lawUpdateArticleWriters_0_lawUpdateArticleWriter'),
(292992, 28132, 'EditorLinkPost', 'https://www.tamimi.com/wp-admin/post.php?post=8199&amp;action=edit'),
(292993, 28132, 'ClientIP', '83.111.236.141'),
(292994, 28132, 'UserAgent', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Trident/7.0; rv:11.0) like Gecko'),
(292995, 28132, 'CurrentUserID', '5'),
(292996, 28132, 'CurrentUserRoles', 'a:2:{i:0;s:13:\"administrator\";i:1;s:10:\"superadmin\";}'),
(292997, 28132, 'SessionID', '6535c235a9f90e18d7d57d2663638b0ff441d6b7ae2c4bc928dca5f0cc8213ca'),
(292998, 28133, 'PostID', '8199'),
(292999, 28133, 'PostTitle', 'VAT 2.0: The Story So Far'),
(293000, 28133, 'PostStatus', 'draft'),
(293001, 28133, 'PostType', 'law_update_articles'),
(293002, 28133, 'PostDate', '2018-09-02 18:19:11'),
(293003, 28133, 'PostUrl', 'https://www.tamimi.com/?post_type=law_update_articles&p=8199'),
(293004, 28133, 'MetaKey', 'lawUpdateArticleWriters_1_lawUpdateArticleWriter'),
(293005, 28133, 'MetaValue', '7144'),
(293006, 28133, 'MetaLink', 'lawUpdateArticleWriters_1_lawUpdateArticleWriter'),
(293007, 28133, 'EditorLinkPost', 'https://www.tamimi.com/wp-admin/post.php?post=8199&amp;action=edit'),
(293008, 28133, 'ClientIP', '83.111.236.141'),
(293009, 28133, 'UserAgent', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Trident/7.0; rv:11.0) like Gecko'),
(293010, 28133, 'CurrentUserID', '5'),
(293011, 28133, 'CurrentUserRoles', 'a:2:{i:0;s:13:\"administrator\";i:1;s:10:\"superadmin\";}'),
(293012, 28133, 'SessionID', '6535c235a9f90e18d7d57d2663638b0ff441d6b7ae2c4bc928dca5f0cc8213ca'),
(293013, 28134, 'PostID', '8199'),
(293014, 28134, 'PostTitle', 'VAT 2.0: The Story So Far'),
(293015, 28134, 'PostStatus', 'draft'),
(293016, 28134, 'PostType', 'law_update_articles'),
(293017, 28134, 'PostDate', '2018-09-02 18:19:11'),
(293018, 28134, 'PostUrl', 'https://www.tamimi.com/?post_type=law_update_articles&p=8199'),
(293019, 28134, 'MetaKey', 'lawUpdateArticleWriters'),
(293020, 28134, 'MetaValue', '2'),
(293021, 28134, 'MetaLink', 'lawUpdateArticleWriters'),
(293022, 28134, 'EditorLinkPost', 'https://www.tamimi.com/wp-admin/post.php?post=8199&amp;action=edit'),
(293023, 28134, 'ClientIP', '83.111.236.141'),
(293024, 28134, 'UserAgent', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Trident/7.0; rv:11.0) like Gecko'),
(293025, 28134, 'CurrentUserID', '5'),
(293026, 28134, 'CurrentUserRoles', 'a:2:{i:0;s:13:\"administrator\";i:1;s:10:\"superadmin\";}'),
(293027, 28134, 'SessionID', '6535c235a9f90e18d7d57d2663638b0ff441d6b7ae2c4bc928dca5f0cc8213ca'),
(293028, 28135, 'PostID', '8199'),
(293029, 28135, 'PostTitle', 'VAT 2.0: The Story So Far'),
(293030, 28135, 'PostStatus', 'draft'),
(293031, 28135, 'PostType', 'law_update_articles'),
(293032, 28135, 'PostDate', '2018-09-02 18:19:11'),
(293033, 28135, 'PostUrl', 'https://www.tamimi.com/?post_type=law_update_articles&p=8199'),
(293034, 28135, 'MetaKey', 'lawUpdateArticleNoWriters'),
(293035, 28135, 'MetaLink', 'lawUpdateArticleNoWriters'),
(293036, 28135, 'EditorLinkPost', 'https://www.tamimi.com/wp-admin/post.php?post=8199&amp;action=edit'),
(293037, 28135, 'ClientIP', '83.111.236.141'),
(293038, 28135, 'UserAgent', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Trident/7.0; rv:11.0) like Gecko'),
(293039, 28135, 'CurrentUserID', '5'),
(293040, 28135, 'CurrentUserRoles', 'a:2:{i:0;s:13:\"administrator\";i:1;s:10:\"superadmin\";}'),
(293041, 28135, 'SessionID', '6535c235a9f90e18d7d57d2663638b0ff441d6b7ae2c4bc928dca5f0cc8213ca'),
(293042, 28136, 'PostID', '8199'),
(293043, 28136, 'PostType', 'law_update_articles'),
(293044, 28136, 'PostTitle', 'VAT 2.0: The Story So Far'),
(293045, 28136, 'PostStatus', 'draft'),
(293046, 28136, 'PostDate', '2018-09-02 18:19:11'),
(293047, 28136, 'PostUrl', 'https://www.tamimi.com/?post_type=law_update_articles&p=8199'),
(293048, 28136, 'EditorLinkPost', 'https://www.tamimi.com/wp-admin/post.php?post=8199&amp;action=edit'),
(293049, 28136, 'ClientIP', '83.111.236.141'),
(293050, 28136, 'UserAgent', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Trident/7.0; rv:11.0) like Gecko'),
(293051, 28136, 'CurrentUserID', '5'),
(293052, 28136, 'CurrentUserRoles', 'a:2:{i:0;s:13:\"administrator\";i:1;s:10:\"superadmin\";}'),
(293053, 28136, 'SessionID', '6535c235a9f90e18d7d57d2663638b0ff441d6b7ae2c4bc928dca5f0cc8213ca'),
(293054, 28137, 'PostID', '8199'),
(293055, 28137, 'PostType', 'law_update_articles'),
(293056, 28137, 'PostTitle', 'VAT 2.0: The Story So Far'),
(293057, 28137, 'PostStatus', 'draft'),
(293058, 28137, 'PostDate', '2018-09-02 18:19:11'),
(293059, 28137, 'PostUrl', 'https://www.tamimi.com/?post_type=law_update_articles&p=8199'),
(293060, 28137, 'EditorLinkPost', 'https://www.tamimi.com/wp-admin/post.php?post=8199&amp;action=edit'),
(293061, 28137, 'ClientIP', '83.111.236.141'),
(293062, 28137, 'UserAgent', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Trident/7.0; rv:11.0) like Gecko'),
(293063, 28137, 'CurrentUserID', '5'),
(293064, 28137, 'CurrentUserRoles', 'a:2:{i:0;s:13:\"administrator\";i:1;s:10:\"superadmin\";}'),
(293065, 28137, 'SessionID', '6535c235a9f90e18d7d57d2663638b0ff441d6b7ae2c4bc928dca5f0cc8213ca'),
(293066, 28138, 'PostID', '7144'),
(293067, 28138, 'PostType', 'lawyer'),
(293068, 28138, 'PostTitle', 'Janet Gooi'),
(293069, 28138, 'PostStatus', 'publish'),
(293070, 28138, 'PostDate', '2018-02-13 11:25:38'),
(293071, 28138, 'PostUrl', 'https://www.tamimi.com/lawyer/janet-gooi/'),
(293072, 28138, 'EditorLinkPost', 'https://www.tamimi.com/wp-admin/post.php?post=7144&amp;action=edit'),
(293073, 28138, 'ClientIP', '83.111.236.141'),
(293074, 28138, 'UserAgent', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Trident/7.0; rv:11.0) like Gecko'),
(293075, 28138, 'CurrentUserID', '5'),
(293076, 28138, 'CurrentUserRoles', 'a:2:{i:0;s:13:\"administrator\";i:1;s:10:\"superadmin\";}'),
(293077, 28138, 'SessionID', '6535c235a9f90e18d7d57d2663638b0ff441d6b7ae2c4bc928dca5f0cc8213ca'),
(293078, 28139, 'PostID', '8199'),
(293079, 28139, 'PostType', 'law_update_articles'),
(293080, 28139, 'PostTitle', 'VAT 2.0: The Story So Far'),
(293081, 28139, 'PostStatus', 'draft'),
(293082, 28139, 'PostDate', '2018-09-02 18:19:29'),
(293083, 28139, 'PostUrl', 'https://www.tamimi.com/?post_type=law_update_articles&p=8199'),
(293084, 28139, 'EditorLinkPost', 'https://www.tamimi.com/wp-admin/post.php?post=8199&amp;action=edit'),
(293085, 28139, 'ClientIP', '83.111.236.141'),
(293086, 28139, 'UserAgent', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Trident/7.0; rv:11.0) like Gecko'),
(293087, 28139, 'CurrentUserID', '5'),
(293088, 28139, 'CurrentUserRoles', 'a:2:{i:0;s:13:\"administrator\";i:1;s:10:\"superadmin\";}'),
(293089, 28139, 'SessionID', '6535c235a9f90e18d7d57d2663638b0ff441d6b7ae2c4bc928dca5f0cc8213ca'),
(293090, 28140, 'PostID', '8200'),
(293091, 28140, 'PostType', 'law_update_articles'),
(293092, 28140, 'PostTitle', 'How Does GDPR Affect the Education Sector in the Middle East?'),
(293093, 28140, 'PostStatus', 'draft'),
(293094, 28140, 'PostDate', '2018-09-02 18:34:31'),
(293095, 28140, 'PostUrl', 'https://www.tamimi.com/?post_type=law_update_articles&p=8200'),
(293096, 28140, 'EditorLinkPost', 'https://www.tamimi.com/wp-admin/post.php?post=8200&amp;action=edit'),
(293097, 28140, 'ClientIP', '83.111.236.141'),
(293098, 28140, 'UserAgent', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Trident/7.0; rv:11.0) like Gecko'),
(293099, 28140, 'CurrentUserID', '5'),
(293100, 28140, 'CurrentUserRoles', 'a:2:{i:0;s:13:\"administrator\";i:1;s:10:\"superadmin\";}'),
(293101, 28140, 'SessionID', '6535c235a9f90e18d7d57d2663638b0ff441d6b7ae2c4bc928dca5f0cc8213ca'),
(293102, 28141, 'PostID', '8200'),
(293103, 28141, 'PostTitle', 'How Does GDPR Affect the Education Sector in the Middle East?'),
(293104, 28141, 'PostStatus', 'draft'),
(293105, 28141, 'PostType', 'law_update_articles'),
(293106, 28141, 'PostDate', '2018-09-02 18:34:31'),
(293107, 28141, 'PostUrl', 'https://www.tamimi.com/?post_type=law_update_articles&p=8200'),
(293108, 28141, 'MetaKey', 'lawUpdateArticleMonth'),
(293109, 28141, 'MetaValue', '8183'),
(293110, 28141, 'MetaLink', 'lawUpdateArticleMonth'),
(293111, 28141, 'EditorLinkPost', 'https://www.tamimi.com/wp-admin/post.php?post=8200&amp;action=edit'),
(293112, 28141, 'ClientIP', '83.111.236.141'),
(293113, 28141, 'UserAgent', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Trident/7.0; rv:11.0) like Gecko'),
(293114, 28141, 'CurrentUserID', '5'),
(293115, 28141, 'CurrentUserRoles', 'a:2:{i:0;s:13:\"administrator\";i:1;s:10:\"superadmin\";}'),
(293116, 28141, 'SessionID', '6535c235a9f90e18d7d57d2663638b0ff441d6b7ae2c4bc928dca5f0cc8213ca'),
(293117, 28142, 'PostID', '8200'),
(293118, 28142, 'PostTitle', 'How Does GDPR Affect the Education Sector in the Middle East?'),
(293119, 28142, 'PostStatus', 'draft'),
(293120, 28142, 'PostType', 'law_update_articles'),
(293121, 28142, 'PostDate', '2018-09-02 18:34:31'),
(293122, 28142, 'PostUrl', 'https://www.tamimi.com/?post_type=law_update_articles&p=8200'),
(293123, 28142, 'MetaKey', 'lawUpdateArticlePractices_0_lawUpdateArticlePractice'),
(293124, 28142, 'MetaValue', '652'),
(293125, 28142, 'MetaLink', 'lawUpdateArticlePractices_0_lawUpdateArticlePractice'),
(293126, 28142, 'EditorLinkPost', 'https://www.tamimi.com/wp-admin/post.php?post=8200&amp;action=edit'),
(293127, 28142, 'ClientIP', '83.111.236.141'),
(293128, 28142, 'UserAgent', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Trident/7.0; rv:11.0) like Gecko'),
(293129, 28142, 'CurrentUserID', '5'),
(293130, 28142, 'CurrentUserRoles', 'a:2:{i:0;s:13:\"administrator\";i:1;s:10:\"superadmin\";}'),
(293131, 28142, 'SessionID', '6535c235a9f90e18d7d57d2663638b0ff441d6b7ae2c4bc928dca5f0cc8213ca'),
(293132, 28143, 'PostID', '8200'),
(293133, 28143, 'PostTitle', 'How Does GDPR Affect the Education Sector in the Middle East?'),
(293134, 28143, 'PostStatus', 'draft'),
(293135, 28143, 'PostType', 'law_update_articles'),
(293136, 28143, 'PostDate', '2018-09-02 18:34:31'),
(293137, 28143, 'PostUrl', 'https://www.tamimi.com/?post_type=law_update_articles&p=8200'),
(293138, 28143, 'MetaKey', 'lawUpdateArticlePractices'),
(293139, 28143, 'MetaValue', '1'),
(293140, 28143, 'MetaLink', 'lawUpdateArticlePractices'),
(293141, 28143, 'EditorLinkPost', 'https://www.tamimi.com/wp-admin/post.php?post=8200&amp;action=edit'),
(293142, 28143, 'ClientIP', '83.111.236.141'),
(293143, 28143, 'UserAgent', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Trident/7.0; rv:11.0) like Gecko'),
(293144, 28143, 'CurrentUserID', '5'),
(293145, 28143, 'CurrentUserRoles', 'a:2:{i:0;s:13:\"administrator\";i:1;s:10:\"superadmin\";}'),
(293146, 28143, 'SessionID', '6535c235a9f90e18d7d57d2663638b0ff441d6b7ae2c4bc928dca5f0cc8213ca'),
(293147, 28144, 'PostID', '8200'),
(293148, 28144, 'PostTitle', 'How Does GDPR Affect the Education Sector in the Middle East?'),
(293149, 28144, 'PostStatus', 'draft'),
(293150, 28144, 'PostType', 'law_update_articles'),
(293151, 28144, 'PostDate', '2018-09-02 18:34:31'),
(293152, 28144, 'PostUrl', 'https://www.tamimi.com/?post_type=law_update_articles&p=8200'),
(293153, 28144, 'MetaKey', 'lawUpdateArticleSectors_0_lawUpdateArticleSector'),
(293154, 28144, 'MetaValue', '1570'),
(293155, 28144, 'MetaLink', 'lawUpdateArticleSectors_0_lawUpdateArticleSector'),
(293156, 28144, 'EditorLinkPost', 'https://www.tamimi.com/wp-admin/post.php?post=8200&amp;action=edit'),
(293157, 28144, 'ClientIP', '83.111.236.141'),
(293158, 28144, 'UserAgent', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Trident/7.0; rv:11.0) like Gecko'),
(293159, 28144, 'CurrentUserID', '5'),
(293160, 28144, 'CurrentUserRoles', 'a:2:{i:0;s:13:\"administrator\";i:1;s:10:\"superadmin\";}'),
(293161, 28144, 'SessionID', '6535c235a9f90e18d7d57d2663638b0ff441d6b7ae2c4bc928dca5f0cc8213ca'),
(293162, 28145, 'PostID', '8200'),
(293163, 28145, 'PostTitle', 'How Does GDPR Affect the Education Sector in the Middle East?'),
(293164, 28145, 'PostStatus', 'draft'),
(293165, 28145, 'PostType', 'law_update_articles'),
(293166, 28145, 'PostDate', '2018-09-02 18:34:31'),
(293167, 28145, 'PostUrl', 'https://www.tamimi.com/?post_type=law_update_articles&p=8200'),
(293168, 28145, 'MetaKey', 'lawUpdateArticleSectors'),
(293169, 28145, 'MetaValue', '1'),
(293170, 28145, 'MetaLink', 'lawUpdateArticleSectors'),
(293171, 28145, 'EditorLinkPost', 'https://www.tamimi.com/wp-admin/post.php?post=8200&amp;action=edit'),
(293172, 28145, 'ClientIP', '83.111.236.141'),
(293173, 28145, 'UserAgent', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Trident/7.0; rv:11.0) like Gecko'),
(293174, 28145, 'CurrentUserID', '5'),
(293175, 28145, 'CurrentUserRoles', 'a:2:{i:0;s:13:\"administrator\";i:1;s:10:\"superadmin\";}'),
(293176, 28145, 'SessionID', '6535c235a9f90e18d7d57d2663638b0ff441d6b7ae2c4bc928dca5f0cc8213ca'),
(293177, 28146, 'PostID', '8200'),
(293178, 28146, 'PostTitle', 'How Does GDPR Affect the Education Sector in the Middle East?'),
(293179, 28146, 'PostStatus', 'draft'),
(293180, 28146, 'PostType', 'law_update_articles'),
(293181, 28146, 'PostDate', '2018-09-02 18:34:31'),
(293182, 28146, 'PostUrl', 'https://www.tamimi.com/?post_type=law_update_articles&p=8200'),
(293183, 28146, 'MetaKey', 'lawUpdateArticleWriters_0_lawUpdateArticleWriter'),
(293184, 28146, 'MetaValue', '7924'),
(293185, 28146, 'MetaLink', 'lawUpdateArticleWriters_0_lawUpdateArticleWriter'),
(293186, 28146, 'EditorLinkPost', 'https://www.tamimi.com/wp-admin/post.php?post=8200&amp;action=edit'),
(293187, 28146, 'ClientIP', '83.111.236.141'),
(293188, 28146, 'UserAgent', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Trident/7.0; rv:11.0) like Gecko'),
(293189, 28146, 'CurrentUserID', '5'),
(293190, 28146, 'CurrentUserRoles', 'a:2:{i:0;s:13:\"administrator\";i:1;s:10:\"superadmin\";}'),
(293191, 28146, 'SessionID', '6535c235a9f90e18d7d57d2663638b0ff441d6b7ae2c4bc928dca5f0cc8213ca'),
(293192, 28147, 'PostID', '8200'),
(293193, 28147, 'PostTitle', 'How Does GDPR Affect the Education Sector in the Middle East?'),
(293194, 28147, 'PostStatus', 'draft'),
(293195, 28147, 'PostType', 'law_update_articles'),
(293196, 28147, 'PostDate', '2018-09-02 18:34:31'),
(293197, 28147, 'PostUrl', 'https://www.tamimi.com/?post_type=law_update_articles&p=8200'),
(293198, 28147, 'MetaKey', 'lawUpdateArticleWriters'),
(293199, 28147, 'MetaValue', '1'),
(293200, 28147, 'MetaLink', 'lawUpdateArticleWriters'),
(293201, 28147, 'EditorLinkPost', 'https://www.tamimi.com/wp-admin/post.php?post=8200&amp;action=edit'),
(293202, 28147, 'ClientIP', '83.111.236.141'),
(293203, 28147, 'UserAgent', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Trident/7.0; rv:11.0) like Gecko'),
(293204, 28147, 'CurrentUserID', '5'),
(293205, 28147, 'CurrentUserRoles', 'a:2:{i:0;s:13:\"administrator\";i:1;s:10:\"superadmin\";}'),
(293206, 28147, 'SessionID', '6535c235a9f90e18d7d57d2663638b0ff441d6b7ae2c4bc928dca5f0cc8213ca'),
(293207, 28148, 'PostID', '8200'),
(293208, 28148, 'PostTitle', 'How Does GDPR Affect the Education Sector in the Middle East?'),
(293209, 28148, 'PostStatus', 'draft'),
(293210, 28148, 'PostType', 'law_update_articles'),
(293211, 28148, 'PostDate', '2018-09-02 18:34:31'),
(293212, 28148, 'PostUrl', 'https://www.tamimi.com/?post_type=law_update_articles&p=8200'),
(293213, 28148, 'MetaKey', 'lawUpdateArticleNoWriters'),
(293214, 28148, 'MetaLink', 'lawUpdateArticleNoWriters'),
(293215, 28148, 'EditorLinkPost', 'https://www.tamimi.com/wp-admin/post.php?post=8200&amp;action=edit'),
(293216, 28148, 'ClientIP', '83.111.236.141'),
(293217, 28148, 'UserAgent', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Trident/7.0; rv:11.0) like Gecko'),
(293218, 28148, 'CurrentUserID', '5'),
(293219, 28148, 'CurrentUserRoles', 'a:2:{i:0;s:13:\"administrator\";i:1;s:10:\"superadmin\";}'),
(293220, 28148, 'SessionID', '6535c235a9f90e18d7d57d2663638b0ff441d6b7ae2c4bc928dca5f0cc8213ca'),
(293221, 28149, 'PostID', '8200'),
(293222, 28149, 'PostType', 'law_update_articles'),
(293223, 28149, 'PostTitle', 'How Does GDPR Affect the Education Sector in the Middle East?'),
(293224, 28149, 'PostStatus', 'draft'),
(293225, 28149, 'PostDate', '2018-09-02 18:34:31'),
(293226, 28149, 'PostUrl', 'https://www.tamimi.com/?post_type=law_update_articles&p=8200'),
(293227, 28149, 'EditorLinkPost', 'https://www.tamimi.com/wp-admin/post.php?post=8200&amp;action=edit'),
(293228, 28149, 'ClientIP', '83.111.236.141'),
(293229, 28149, 'UserAgent', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Trident/7.0; rv:11.0) like Gecko'),
(293230, 28149, 'CurrentUserID', '5'),
(293231, 28149, 'CurrentUserRoles', 'a:2:{i:0;s:13:\"administrator\";i:1;s:10:\"superadmin\";}'),
(293232, 28149, 'SessionID', '6535c235a9f90e18d7d57d2663638b0ff441d6b7ae2c4bc928dca5f0cc8213ca'),
(293233, 28150, 'PostID', '8200'),
(293234, 28150, 'PostType', 'law_update_articles'),
(293235, 28150, 'PostTitle', 'How Does GDPR Affect the Education Sector in the Middle East?'),
(293236, 28150, 'PostStatus', 'draft'),
(293237, 28150, 'PostDate', '2018-09-02 18:34:31'),
(293238, 28150, 'PostUrl', 'https://www.tamimi.com/?post_type=law_update_articles&p=8200'),
(293239, 28150, 'EditorLinkPost', 'https://www.tamimi.com/wp-admin/post.php?post=8200&amp;action=edit'),
(293240, 28150, 'ClientIP', '83.111.236.141'),
(293241, 28150, 'UserAgent', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Trident/7.0; rv:11.0) like Gecko'),
(293242, 28150, 'CurrentUserID', '5'),
(293243, 28150, 'CurrentUserRoles', 'a:2:{i:0;s:13:\"administrator\";i:1;s:10:\"superadmin\";}'),
(293244, 28150, 'SessionID', '6535c235a9f90e18d7d57d2663638b0ff441d6b7ae2c4bc928dca5f0cc8213ca'),
(293245, 28151, 'PostID', '8200'),
(293246, 28151, 'PostType', 'law_update_articles'),
(293247, 28151, 'PostTitle', 'How Does GDPR Affect the Education Sector in the Middle East?'),
(293248, 28151, 'PostStatus', 'draft'),
(293249, 28151, 'PostDate', '2018-09-02 18:35:12'),
(293250, 28151, 'PostUrl', 'https://www.tamimi.com/?post_type=law_update_articles&p=8200'),
(293251, 28151, 'EditorLinkPost', 'https://www.tamimi.com/wp-admin/post.php?post=8200&amp;action=edit'),
(293252, 28151, 'ClientIP', '83.111.236.141'),
(293253, 28151, 'UserAgent', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Trident/7.0; rv:11.0) like Gecko'),
(293254, 28151, 'CurrentUserID', '5'),
(293255, 28151, 'CurrentUserRoles', 'a:2:{i:0;s:13:\"administrator\";i:1;s:10:\"superadmin\";}'),
(293256, 28151, 'SessionID', '6535c235a9f90e18d7d57d2663638b0ff441d6b7ae2c4bc928dca5f0cc8213ca'),
(293257, 28152, 'PostID', '8201'),
(293258, 28152, 'PostType', 'law_update_articles'),
(293259, 28152, 'PostTitle', 'Establishing Foreign Higher Educational Institutions in Bahrain'),
(293260, 28152, 'PostStatus', 'draft'),
(293261, 28152, 'PostDate', '2018-09-02 18:39:32'),
(293262, 28152, 'PostUrl', 'https://www.tamimi.com/?post_type=law_update_articles&p=8201'),
(293263, 28152, 'EditorLinkPost', 'https://www.tamimi.com/wp-admin/post.php?post=8201&amp;action=edit'),
(293264, 28152, 'ClientIP', '83.111.236.141'),
(293265, 28152, 'UserAgent', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Trident/7.0; rv:11.0) like Gecko'),
(293266, 28152, 'CurrentUserID', '5'),
(293267, 28152, 'CurrentUserRoles', 'a:2:{i:0;s:13:\"administrator\";i:1;s:10:\"superadmin\";}'),
(293268, 28152, 'SessionID', '6535c235a9f90e18d7d57d2663638b0ff441d6b7ae2c4bc928dca5f0cc8213ca'),
(293269, 28153, 'PostID', '8201'),
(293270, 28153, 'PostTitle', 'Establishing Foreign Higher Educational Institutions in Bahrain'),
(293271, 28153, 'PostStatus', 'draft'),
(293272, 28153, 'PostType', 'law_update_articles'),
(293273, 28153, 'PostDate', '2018-09-02 18:39:32'),
(293274, 28153, 'PostUrl', 'https://www.tamimi.com/?post_type=law_update_articles&p=8201'),
(293275, 28153, 'MetaKey', 'lawUpdateArticleMonth'),
(293276, 28153, 'MetaValue', '8183'),
(293277, 28153, 'MetaLink', 'lawUpdateArticleMonth'),
(293278, 28153, 'EditorLinkPost', 'https://www.tamimi.com/wp-admin/post.php?post=8201&amp;action=edit'),
(293279, 28153, 'ClientIP', '83.111.236.141'),
(293280, 28153, 'UserAgent', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Trident/7.0; rv:11.0) like Gecko'),
(293281, 28153, 'CurrentUserID', '5'),
(293282, 28153, 'CurrentUserRoles', 'a:2:{i:0;s:13:\"administrator\";i:1;s:10:\"superadmin\";}'),
(293283, 28153, 'SessionID', '6535c235a9f90e18d7d57d2663638b0ff441d6b7ae2c4bc928dca5f0cc8213ca'),
(293284, 28154, 'PostID', '8201'),
(293285, 28154, 'PostTitle', 'Establishing Foreign Higher Educational Institutions in Bahrain'),
(293286, 28154, 'PostStatus', 'draft'),
(293287, 28154, 'PostType', 'law_update_articles'),
(293288, 28154, 'PostDate', '2018-09-02 18:39:32'),
(293289, 28154, 'PostUrl', 'https://www.tamimi.com/?post_type=law_update_articles&p=8201'),
(293290, 28154, 'MetaKey', 'lawUpdateArticlePractices_0_lawUpdateArticlePractice'),
(293291, 28154, 'MetaValue', '645'),
(293292, 28154, 'MetaLink', 'lawUpdateArticlePractices_0_lawUpdateArticlePractice'),
(293293, 28154, 'EditorLinkPost', 'https://www.tamimi.com/wp-admin/post.php?post=8201&amp;action=edit'),
(293294, 28154, 'ClientIP', '83.111.236.141'),
(293295, 28154, 'UserAgent', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Trident/7.0; rv:11.0) like Gecko'),
(293296, 28154, 'CurrentUserID', '5'),
(293297, 28154, 'CurrentUserRoles', 'a:2:{i:0;s:13:\"administrator\";i:1;s:10:\"superadmin\";}'),
(293298, 28154, 'SessionID', '6535c235a9f90e18d7d57d2663638b0ff441d6b7ae2c4bc928dca5f0cc8213ca'),
(293299, 28155, 'PostID', '8201'),
(293300, 28155, 'PostTitle', 'Establishing Foreign Higher Educational Institutions in Bahrain'),
(293301, 28155, 'PostStatus', 'draft'),
(293302, 28155, 'PostType', 'law_update_articles'),
(293303, 28155, 'PostDate', '2018-09-02 18:39:32'),
(293304, 28155, 'PostUrl', 'https://www.tamimi.com/?post_type=law_update_articles&p=8201'),
(293305, 28155, 'MetaKey', 'lawUpdateArticlePractices'),
(293306, 28155, 'MetaValue', '1'),
(293307, 28155, 'MetaLink', 'lawUpdateArticlePractices'),
(293308, 28155, 'EditorLinkPost', 'https://www.tamimi.com/wp-admin/post.php?post=8201&amp;action=edit'),
(293309, 28155, 'ClientIP', '83.111.236.141');
INSERT INTO `tm_wsal_metadata` (`id`, `occurrence_id`, `name`, `value`) VALUES
(293310, 28155, 'UserAgent', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Trident/7.0; rv:11.0) like Gecko'),
(293311, 28155, 'CurrentUserID', '5'),
(293312, 28155, 'CurrentUserRoles', 'a:2:{i:0;s:13:\"administrator\";i:1;s:10:\"superadmin\";}'),
(293313, 28155, 'SessionID', '6535c235a9f90e18d7d57d2663638b0ff441d6b7ae2c4bc928dca5f0cc8213ca'),
(293314, 28156, 'PostID', '8201'),
(293315, 28156, 'PostTitle', 'Establishing Foreign Higher Educational Institutions in Bahrain'),
(293316, 28156, 'PostStatus', 'draft'),
(293317, 28156, 'PostType', 'law_update_articles'),
(293318, 28156, 'PostDate', '2018-09-02 18:39:32'),
(293319, 28156, 'PostUrl', 'https://www.tamimi.com/?post_type=law_update_articles&p=8201'),
(293320, 28156, 'MetaKey', 'lawUpdateArticleSectors_0_lawUpdateArticleSector'),
(293321, 28156, 'MetaValue', '1570'),
(293322, 28156, 'MetaLink', 'lawUpdateArticleSectors_0_lawUpdateArticleSector'),
(293323, 28156, 'EditorLinkPost', 'https://www.tamimi.com/wp-admin/post.php?post=8201&amp;action=edit'),
(293324, 28156, 'ClientIP', '83.111.236.141'),
(293325, 28156, 'UserAgent', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Trident/7.0; rv:11.0) like Gecko'),
(293326, 28156, 'CurrentUserID', '5'),
(293327, 28156, 'CurrentUserRoles', 'a:2:{i:0;s:13:\"administrator\";i:1;s:10:\"superadmin\";}'),
(293328, 28156, 'SessionID', '6535c235a9f90e18d7d57d2663638b0ff441d6b7ae2c4bc928dca5f0cc8213ca'),
(293329, 28157, 'PostID', '8201'),
(293330, 28157, 'PostTitle', 'Establishing Foreign Higher Educational Institutions in Bahrain'),
(293331, 28157, 'PostStatus', 'draft'),
(293332, 28157, 'PostType', 'law_update_articles'),
(293333, 28157, 'PostDate', '2018-09-02 18:39:32'),
(293334, 28157, 'PostUrl', 'https://www.tamimi.com/?post_type=law_update_articles&p=8201'),
(293335, 28157, 'MetaKey', 'lawUpdateArticleSectors'),
(293336, 28157, 'MetaValue', '1'),
(293337, 28157, 'MetaLink', 'lawUpdateArticleSectors'),
(293338, 28157, 'EditorLinkPost', 'https://www.tamimi.com/wp-admin/post.php?post=8201&amp;action=edit'),
(293339, 28157, 'ClientIP', '83.111.236.141'),
(293340, 28157, 'UserAgent', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Trident/7.0; rv:11.0) like Gecko'),
(293341, 28157, 'CurrentUserID', '5'),
(293342, 28157, 'CurrentUserRoles', 'a:2:{i:0;s:13:\"administrator\";i:1;s:10:\"superadmin\";}'),
(293343, 28157, 'SessionID', '6535c235a9f90e18d7d57d2663638b0ff441d6b7ae2c4bc928dca5f0cc8213ca'),
(293344, 28158, 'PostID', '8201'),
(293345, 28158, 'PostTitle', 'Establishing Foreign Higher Educational Institutions in Bahrain'),
(293346, 28158, 'PostStatus', 'draft'),
(293347, 28158, 'PostType', 'law_update_articles'),
(293348, 28158, 'PostDate', '2018-09-02 18:39:32'),
(293349, 28158, 'PostUrl', 'https://www.tamimi.com/?post_type=law_update_articles&p=8201'),
(293350, 28158, 'MetaKey', 'lawUpdateArticleWriters'),
(293351, 28158, 'MetaLink', 'lawUpdateArticleWriters'),
(293352, 28158, 'EditorLinkPost', 'https://www.tamimi.com/wp-admin/post.php?post=8201&amp;action=edit'),
(293353, 28158, 'ClientIP', '83.111.236.141'),
(293354, 28158, 'UserAgent', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Trident/7.0; rv:11.0) like Gecko'),
(293355, 28158, 'CurrentUserID', '5'),
(293356, 28158, 'CurrentUserRoles', 'a:2:{i:0;s:13:\"administrator\";i:1;s:10:\"superadmin\";}'),
(293357, 28158, 'SessionID', '6535c235a9f90e18d7d57d2663638b0ff441d6b7ae2c4bc928dca5f0cc8213ca'),
(293358, 28159, 'PostID', '8201'),
(293359, 28159, 'PostType', 'law_update_articles'),
(293360, 28159, 'PostTitle', 'Establishing Foreign Higher Educational Institutions in Bahrain'),
(293361, 28159, 'PostStatus', 'draft'),
(293362, 28159, 'PostDate', '2018-09-02 18:39:32'),
(293363, 28159, 'PostUrl', 'https://www.tamimi.com/?post_type=law_update_articles&p=8201'),
(293364, 28159, 'EditorLinkPost', 'https://www.tamimi.com/wp-admin/post.php?post=8201&amp;action=edit'),
(293365, 28159, 'ClientIP', '83.111.236.141'),
(293366, 28159, 'UserAgent', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Trident/7.0; rv:11.0) like Gecko'),
(293367, 28159, 'CurrentUserID', '5'),
(293368, 28159, 'CurrentUserRoles', 'a:2:{i:0;s:13:\"administrator\";i:1;s:10:\"superadmin\";}'),
(293369, 28159, 'SessionID', '6535c235a9f90e18d7d57d2663638b0ff441d6b7ae2c4bc928dca5f0cc8213ca'),
(293370, 28160, 'Username', 'patrick'),
(293371, 28160, 'CurrentUserRoles', 'a:2:{i:0;s:13:\"administrator\";i:1;s:10:\"superadmin\";}'),
(293372, 28160, 'IPAddress', '83.111.236.141'),
(293373, 28160, 'ClientIP', '83.111.236.141'),
(293374, 28160, 'UserAgent', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Trident/7.0; rv:11.0) like Gecko'),
(293375, 28161, 'Username', 'patrick'),
(293376, 28161, 'CurrentUserRoles', 'a:2:{i:0;s:13:\"administrator\";i:1;s:10:\"superadmin\";}'),
(293377, 28161, 'ClientIP', '83.111.236.141'),
(293378, 28161, 'UserAgent', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Trident/7.0; rv:11.0) like Gecko'),
(293379, 28162, 'PostID', '8201'),
(293380, 28162, 'PostType', 'law_update_articles'),
(293381, 28162, 'PostTitle', 'Establishing Foreign Higher Educational Institutions in Bahrain'),
(293382, 28162, 'PostStatus', 'draft'),
(293383, 28162, 'PostDate', '2018-09-02 18:39:32'),
(293384, 28162, 'PostUrl', 'https://www.tamimi.com/?post_type=law_update_articles&p=8201'),
(293385, 28162, 'EditorLinkPost', 'https://www.tamimi.com/wp-admin/post.php?post=8201&amp;action=edit'),
(293386, 28162, 'ClientIP', '83.111.236.141'),
(293387, 28162, 'UserAgent', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Trident/7.0; rv:11.0) like Gecko'),
(293388, 28162, 'CurrentUserID', '5'),
(293389, 28162, 'CurrentUserRoles', 'a:2:{i:0;s:13:\"administrator\";i:1;s:10:\"superadmin\";}'),
(293390, 28162, 'SessionID', 'ab7607e949cab980d021cb9002200b49f24a7441bf6132c6da8ae65d9e9a9d87'),
(293391, 28163, 'PostID', '8201'),
(293392, 28163, 'PostType', 'law_update_articles'),
(293393, 28163, 'PostTitle', 'Establishing Foreign Higher Educational Institutions in Bahrain'),
(293394, 28163, 'PostStatus', 'draft'),
(293395, 28163, 'PostDate', '2018-09-02 18:39:32'),
(293396, 28163, 'PostUrl', 'https://www.tamimi.com/?post_type=law_update_articles&p=8201'),
(293397, 28163, 'EditorLinkPost', 'https://www.tamimi.com/wp-admin/post.php?post=8201&amp;action=edit'),
(293398, 28163, 'ClientIP', '83.111.236.141'),
(293399, 28163, 'UserAgent', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Trident/7.0; rv:11.0) like Gecko'),
(293400, 28163, 'CurrentUserID', '5'),
(293401, 28163, 'CurrentUserRoles', 'a:2:{i:0;s:13:\"administrator\";i:1;s:10:\"superadmin\";}'),
(293402, 28163, 'SessionID', 'ab7607e949cab980d021cb9002200b49f24a7441bf6132c6da8ae65d9e9a9d87'),
(293403, 28164, 'PostID', '8201'),
(293404, 28164, 'PostType', 'law_update_articles'),
(293405, 28164, 'PostTitle', 'Establishing Foreign Higher Educational Institutions in Bahrain'),
(293406, 28164, 'PostStatus', 'draft'),
(293407, 28164, 'PostDate', '2018-09-02 18:43:58'),
(293408, 28164, 'PostUrl', 'https://www.tamimi.com/?post_type=law_update_articles&p=8201'),
(293409, 28164, 'EditorLinkPost', 'https://www.tamimi.com/wp-admin/post.php?post=8201&amp;action=edit'),
(293410, 28164, 'ClientIP', '83.111.236.141'),
(293411, 28164, 'UserAgent', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Trident/7.0; rv:11.0) like Gecko'),
(293412, 28164, 'CurrentUserID', '5'),
(293413, 28164, 'CurrentUserRoles', 'a:2:{i:0;s:13:\"administrator\";i:1;s:10:\"superadmin\";}'),
(293414, 28164, 'SessionID', 'ab7607e949cab980d021cb9002200b49f24a7441bf6132c6da8ae65d9e9a9d87'),
(293415, 28165, 'PostID', '7144'),
(293416, 28165, 'PostType', 'lawyer'),
(293417, 28165, 'PostTitle', 'Janet Gooi'),
(293418, 28165, 'PostStatus', 'publish'),
(293419, 28165, 'PostDate', '2018-02-13 11:25:38'),
(293420, 28165, 'PostUrl', 'https://www.tamimi.com/lawyer/janet-gooi/'),
(293421, 28165, 'EditorLinkPost', 'https://www.tamimi.com/wp-admin/post.php?post=7144&amp;action=edit'),
(293422, 28165, 'ClientIP', '83.111.236.141'),
(293423, 28165, 'UserAgent', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Trident/7.0; rv:11.0) like Gecko'),
(293424, 28165, 'CurrentUserID', '5'),
(293425, 28165, 'CurrentUserRoles', 'a:2:{i:0;s:13:\"administrator\";i:1;s:10:\"superadmin\";}'),
(293426, 28165, 'SessionID', 'ab7607e949cab980d021cb9002200b49f24a7441bf6132c6da8ae65d9e9a9d87'),
(293427, 28166, 'PostID', '7144'),
(293428, 28166, 'PostType', 'lawyer'),
(293429, 28166, 'PostTitle', 'Janet Gooi'),
(293430, 28166, 'PostStatus', 'publish'),
(293431, 28166, 'PostDate', '2018-02-13 11:25:38'),
(293432, 28166, 'PostUrl', 'https://www.tamimi.com/lawyer/janet-gooi/'),
(293433, 28166, 'EditorLinkPost', 'https://www.tamimi.com/wp-admin/post.php?post=7144&amp;action=edit'),
(293434, 28166, 'ClientIP', '83.111.236.141'),
(293435, 28166, 'UserAgent', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Trident/7.0; rv:11.0) like Gecko'),
(293436, 28166, 'CurrentUserID', '5'),
(293437, 28166, 'CurrentUserRoles', 'a:2:{i:0;s:13:\"administrator\";i:1;s:10:\"superadmin\";}'),
(293438, 28166, 'SessionID', 'ab7607e949cab980d021cb9002200b49f24a7441bf6132c6da8ae65d9e9a9d87'),
(293439, 28167, 'PostID', '542'),
(293440, 28167, 'PostType', 'practice'),
(293441, 28167, 'PostTitle', 'Corporate Structuring'),
(293442, 28167, 'PostStatus', 'publish'),
(293443, 28167, 'PostDate', '2017-09-26 15:12:57'),
(293444, 28167, 'PostUrl', 'https://www.tamimi.com/practice/corporate-structuring/'),
(293445, 28167, 'EditorLinkPost', 'https://www.tamimi.com/wp-admin/post.php?post=542&amp;action=edit'),
(293446, 28167, 'ClientIP', '83.111.236.141'),
(293447, 28167, 'UserAgent', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Trident/7.0; rv:11.0) like Gecko'),
(293448, 28167, 'CurrentUserID', '5'),
(293449, 28167, 'CurrentUserRoles', 'a:2:{i:0;s:13:\"administrator\";i:1;s:10:\"superadmin\";}'),
(293450, 28167, 'SessionID', 'ab7607e949cab980d021cb9002200b49f24a7441bf6132c6da8ae65d9e9a9d87'),
(293451, 28168, 'PostID', '542'),
(293452, 28168, 'PostType', 'practice'),
(293453, 28168, 'PostTitle', 'Corporate Structuring'),
(293454, 28168, 'PostStatus', 'publish'),
(293455, 28168, 'PostDate', '2017-09-26 15:12:57'),
(293456, 28168, 'PostUrl', 'https://www.tamimi.com/practice/corporate-structuring/'),
(293457, 28168, 'EditorLinkPost', 'https://www.tamimi.com/wp-admin/post.php?post=542&amp;action=edit'),
(293458, 28168, 'ClientIP', '83.111.236.141'),
(293459, 28168, 'UserAgent', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Trident/7.0; rv:11.0) like Gecko'),
(293460, 28168, 'CurrentUserID', '5'),
(293461, 28168, 'CurrentUserRoles', 'a:2:{i:0;s:13:\"administrator\";i:1;s:10:\"superadmin\";}'),
(293462, 28168, 'SessionID', 'ab7607e949cab980d021cb9002200b49f24a7441bf6132c6da8ae65d9e9a9d87'),
(293463, 28169, 'PostID', '645'),
(293464, 28169, 'PostType', 'practice'),
(293465, 28169, 'PostTitle', 'Corporate / Mergers & Acquisitions'),
(293466, 28169, 'PostStatus', 'publish'),
(293467, 28169, 'PostDate', '2017-09-27 10:56:06'),
(293468, 28169, 'PostUrl', 'https://www.tamimi.com/practice/corporate-mergers-acquisitions/'),
(293469, 28169, 'EditorLinkPost', 'https://www.tamimi.com/wp-admin/post.php?post=645&amp;action=edit'),
(293470, 28169, 'ClientIP', '83.111.236.141'),
(293471, 28169, 'UserAgent', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Trident/7.0; rv:11.0) like Gecko'),
(293472, 28169, 'CurrentUserID', '5'),
(293473, 28169, 'CurrentUserRoles', 'a:2:{i:0;s:13:\"administrator\";i:1;s:10:\"superadmin\";}'),
(293474, 28169, 'SessionID', 'ab7607e949cab980d021cb9002200b49f24a7441bf6132c6da8ae65d9e9a9d87'),
(293475, 28170, 'PostID', '4074'),
(293476, 28170, 'PostType', 'page'),
(293477, 28170, 'PostTitle', 'Lawyers'),
(293478, 28170, 'PostStatus', 'publish'),
(293479, 28170, 'PostDate', '2017-10-16 13:58:28'),
(293480, 28170, 'PostUrl', 'https://www.tamimi.com/our-firm/find-a-lawyer/'),
(293481, 28170, 'EditorLinkPost', 'https://www.tamimi.com/wp-admin/post.php?post=4074&amp;action=edit'),
(293482, 28170, 'ClientIP', '83.111.236.141'),
(293483, 28170, 'UserAgent', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Trident/7.0; rv:11.0) like Gecko'),
(293484, 28170, 'CurrentUserID', '5'),
(293485, 28170, 'CurrentUserRoles', 'a:2:{i:0;s:13:\"administrator\";i:1;s:10:\"superadmin\";}'),
(293486, 28170, 'SessionID', 'ab7607e949cab980d021cb9002200b49f24a7441bf6132c6da8ae65d9e9a9d87'),
(293487, 28171, 'PostID', '740'),
(293488, 28171, 'PostType', 'lawyer'),
(293489, 28171, 'PostTitle', 'Ayman Nour'),
(293490, 28171, 'PostStatus', 'publish'),
(293491, 28171, 'PostDate', '2017-09-27 13:24:11'),
(293492, 28171, 'PostUrl', 'https://www.tamimi.com/lawyer/ayman-nour/'),
(293493, 28171, 'EditorLinkPost', 'https://www.tamimi.com/wp-admin/post.php?post=740&amp;action=edit'),
(293494, 28171, 'ClientIP', '83.111.236.141'),
(293495, 28171, 'UserAgent', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Trident/7.0; rv:11.0) like Gecko'),
(293496, 28171, 'CurrentUserID', '5'),
(293497, 28171, 'CurrentUserRoles', 'a:2:{i:0;s:13:\"administrator\";i:1;s:10:\"superadmin\";}'),
(293498, 28171, 'SessionID', 'ab7607e949cab980d021cb9002200b49f24a7441bf6132c6da8ae65d9e9a9d87'),
(293499, 28172, 'PostID', '4074'),
(293500, 28172, 'PostType', 'page'),
(293501, 28172, 'PostTitle', 'Lawyers'),
(293502, 28172, 'PostStatus', 'publish'),
(293503, 28172, 'PostDate', '2017-10-16 13:58:28'),
(293504, 28172, 'PostUrl', 'https://www.tamimi.com/our-firm/find-a-lawyer/'),
(293505, 28172, 'EditorLinkPost', 'https://www.tamimi.com/wp-admin/post.php?post=4074&amp;action=edit'),
(293506, 28172, 'ClientIP', '83.111.236.141'),
(293507, 28172, 'UserAgent', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Trident/7.0; rv:11.0) like Gecko'),
(293508, 28172, 'CurrentUserID', '5'),
(293509, 28172, 'CurrentUserRoles', 'a:2:{i:0;s:13:\"administrator\";i:1;s:10:\"superadmin\";}'),
(293510, 28172, 'SessionID', 'ab7607e949cab980d021cb9002200b49f24a7441bf6132c6da8ae65d9e9a9d87'),
(293511, 28173, 'PostID', '749'),
(293512, 28173, 'PostType', 'lawyer'),
(293513, 28173, 'PostTitle', 'Mohamed Gabr'),
(293514, 28173, 'PostStatus', 'publish'),
(293515, 28173, 'PostDate', '2017-09-27 13:42:17'),
(293516, 28173, 'PostUrl', 'https://www.tamimi.com/lawyer/mohamed-gabr/'),
(293517, 28173, 'EditorLinkPost', 'https://www.tamimi.com/wp-admin/post.php?post=749&amp;action=edit'),
(293518, 28173, 'ClientIP', '83.111.236.141'),
(293519, 28173, 'UserAgent', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Trident/7.0; rv:11.0) like Gecko'),
(293520, 28173, 'CurrentUserID', '5'),
(293521, 28173, 'CurrentUserRoles', 'a:2:{i:0;s:13:\"administrator\";i:1;s:10:\"superadmin\";}'),
(293522, 28173, 'SessionID', 'ab7607e949cab980d021cb9002200b49f24a7441bf6132c6da8ae65d9e9a9d87'),
(293523, 28174, 'PostID', '8202'),
(293524, 28174, 'PostType', 'law_update_articles'),
(293525, 28174, 'PostTitle', 'The Egyptian Education Sector: Challenges and Opportunities'),
(293526, 28174, 'PostStatus', 'draft'),
(293527, 28174, 'PostDate', '2018-09-02 18:51:25'),
(293528, 28174, 'PostUrl', 'https://www.tamimi.com/?post_type=law_update_articles&p=8202'),
(293529, 28174, 'EditorLinkPost', 'https://www.tamimi.com/wp-admin/post.php?post=8202&amp;action=edit'),
(293530, 28174, 'ClientIP', '83.111.236.141'),
(293531, 28174, 'UserAgent', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Trident/7.0; rv:11.0) like Gecko'),
(293532, 28174, 'CurrentUserID', '5'),
(293533, 28174, 'CurrentUserRoles', 'a:2:{i:0;s:13:\"administrator\";i:1;s:10:\"superadmin\";}'),
(293534, 28174, 'SessionID', 'ab7607e949cab980d021cb9002200b49f24a7441bf6132c6da8ae65d9e9a9d87'),
(293535, 28175, 'PostID', '8202'),
(293536, 28175, 'PostTitle', 'The Egyptian Education Sector: Challenges and Opportunities'),
(293537, 28175, 'PostStatus', 'draft'),
(293538, 28175, 'PostType', 'law_update_articles'),
(293539, 28175, 'PostDate', '2018-09-02 18:51:25'),
(293540, 28175, 'PostUrl', 'https://www.tamimi.com/?post_type=law_update_articles&p=8202'),
(293541, 28175, 'MetaKey', 'lawUpdateArticleMonth'),
(293542, 28175, 'MetaValue', '8183'),
(293543, 28175, 'MetaLink', 'lawUpdateArticleMonth'),
(293544, 28175, 'EditorLinkPost', 'https://www.tamimi.com/wp-admin/post.php?post=8202&amp;action=edit'),
(293545, 28175, 'ClientIP', '83.111.236.141'),
(293546, 28175, 'UserAgent', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Trident/7.0; rv:11.0) like Gecko'),
(293547, 28175, 'CurrentUserID', '5'),
(293548, 28175, 'CurrentUserRoles', 'a:2:{i:0;s:13:\"administrator\";i:1;s:10:\"superadmin\";}'),
(293549, 28175, 'SessionID', 'ab7607e949cab980d021cb9002200b49f24a7441bf6132c6da8ae65d9e9a9d87'),
(293550, 28176, 'PostID', '8202'),
(293551, 28176, 'PostTitle', 'The Egyptian Education Sector: Challenges and Opportunities'),
(293552, 28176, 'PostStatus', 'draft'),
(293553, 28176, 'PostType', 'law_update_articles'),
(293554, 28176, 'PostDate', '2018-09-02 18:51:25'),
(293555, 28176, 'PostUrl', 'https://www.tamimi.com/?post_type=law_update_articles&p=8202'),
(293556, 28176, 'MetaKey', 'lawUpdateArticlePractices_0_lawUpdateArticlePractice'),
(293557, 28176, 'MetaValue', '542'),
(293558, 28176, 'MetaLink', 'lawUpdateArticlePractices_0_lawUpdateArticlePractice'),
(293559, 28176, 'EditorLinkPost', 'https://www.tamimi.com/wp-admin/post.php?post=8202&amp;action=edit'),
(293560, 28176, 'ClientIP', '83.111.236.141'),
(293561, 28176, 'UserAgent', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Trident/7.0; rv:11.0) like Gecko'),
(293562, 28176, 'CurrentUserID', '5'),
(293563, 28176, 'CurrentUserRoles', 'a:2:{i:0;s:13:\"administrator\";i:1;s:10:\"superadmin\";}'),
(293564, 28176, 'SessionID', 'ab7607e949cab980d021cb9002200b49f24a7441bf6132c6da8ae65d9e9a9d87'),
(293565, 28177, 'PostID', '8202'),
(293566, 28177, 'PostTitle', 'The Egyptian Education Sector: Challenges and Opportunities'),
(293567, 28177, 'PostStatus', 'draft'),
(293568, 28177, 'PostType', 'law_update_articles'),
(293569, 28177, 'PostDate', '2018-09-02 18:51:25'),
(293570, 28177, 'PostUrl', 'https://www.tamimi.com/?post_type=law_update_articles&p=8202'),
(293571, 28177, 'MetaKey', 'lawUpdateArticlePractices'),
(293572, 28177, 'MetaValue', '1'),
(293573, 28177, 'MetaLink', 'lawUpdateArticlePractices'),
(293574, 28177, 'EditorLinkPost', 'https://www.tamimi.com/wp-admin/post.php?post=8202&amp;action=edit'),
(293575, 28177, 'ClientIP', '83.111.236.141'),
(293576, 28177, 'UserAgent', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Trident/7.0; rv:11.0) like Gecko'),
(293577, 28177, 'CurrentUserID', '5'),
(293578, 28177, 'CurrentUserRoles', 'a:2:{i:0;s:13:\"administrator\";i:1;s:10:\"superadmin\";}'),
(293579, 28177, 'SessionID', 'ab7607e949cab980d021cb9002200b49f24a7441bf6132c6da8ae65d9e9a9d87'),
(293580, 28178, 'PostID', '8202'),
(293581, 28178, 'PostTitle', 'The Egyptian Education Sector: Challenges and Opportunities'),
(293582, 28178, 'PostStatus', 'draft'),
(293583, 28178, 'PostType', 'law_update_articles'),
(293584, 28178, 'PostDate', '2018-09-02 18:51:25'),
(293585, 28178, 'PostUrl', 'https://www.tamimi.com/?post_type=law_update_articles&p=8202'),
(293586, 28178, 'MetaKey', 'lawUpdateArticleSectors_0_lawUpdateArticleSector'),
(293587, 28178, 'MetaValue', '1570'),
(293588, 28178, 'MetaLink', 'lawUpdateArticleSectors_0_lawUpdateArticleSector'),
(293589, 28178, 'EditorLinkPost', 'https://www.tamimi.com/wp-admin/post.php?post=8202&amp;action=edit'),
(293590, 28178, 'ClientIP', '83.111.236.141'),
(293591, 28178, 'UserAgent', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Trident/7.0; rv:11.0) like Gecko'),
(293592, 28178, 'CurrentUserID', '5'),
(293593, 28178, 'CurrentUserRoles', 'a:2:{i:0;s:13:\"administrator\";i:1;s:10:\"superadmin\";}'),
(293594, 28178, 'SessionID', 'ab7607e949cab980d021cb9002200b49f24a7441bf6132c6da8ae65d9e9a9d87'),
(293595, 28179, 'PostID', '8202'),
(293596, 28179, 'PostTitle', 'The Egyptian Education Sector: Challenges and Opportunities'),
(293597, 28179, 'PostStatus', 'draft'),
(293598, 28179, 'PostType', 'law_update_articles'),
(293599, 28179, 'PostDate', '2018-09-02 18:51:25'),
(293600, 28179, 'PostUrl', 'https://www.tamimi.com/?post_type=law_update_articles&p=8202'),
(293601, 28179, 'MetaKey', 'lawUpdateArticleSectors'),
(293602, 28179, 'MetaValue', '1'),
(293603, 28179, 'MetaLink', 'lawUpdateArticleSectors'),
(293604, 28179, 'EditorLinkPost', 'https://www.tamimi.com/wp-admin/post.php?post=8202&amp;action=edit'),
(293605, 28179, 'ClientIP', '83.111.236.141'),
(293606, 28179, 'UserAgent', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Trident/7.0; rv:11.0) like Gecko'),
(293607, 28179, 'CurrentUserID', '5'),
(293608, 28179, 'CurrentUserRoles', 'a:2:{i:0;s:13:\"administrator\";i:1;s:10:\"superadmin\";}'),
(293609, 28179, 'SessionID', 'ab7607e949cab980d021cb9002200b49f24a7441bf6132c6da8ae65d9e9a9d87'),
(293610, 28180, 'PostID', '8202'),
(293611, 28180, 'PostTitle', 'The Egyptian Education Sector: Challenges and Opportunities'),
(293612, 28180, 'PostStatus', 'draft'),
(293613, 28180, 'PostType', 'law_update_articles'),
(293614, 28180, 'PostDate', '2018-09-02 18:51:25'),
(293615, 28180, 'PostUrl', 'https://www.tamimi.com/?post_type=law_update_articles&p=8202'),
(293616, 28180, 'MetaKey', 'lawUpdateArticleWriters_0_lawUpdateArticleWriter'),
(293617, 28180, 'MetaValue', '740'),
(293618, 28180, 'MetaLink', 'lawUpdateArticleWriters_0_lawUpdateArticleWriter'),
(293619, 28180, 'EditorLinkPost', 'https://www.tamimi.com/wp-admin/post.php?post=8202&amp;action=edit'),
(293620, 28180, 'ClientIP', '83.111.236.141'),
(293621, 28180, 'UserAgent', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Trident/7.0; rv:11.0) like Gecko'),
(293622, 28180, 'CurrentUserID', '5'),
(293623, 28180, 'CurrentUserRoles', 'a:2:{i:0;s:13:\"administrator\";i:1;s:10:\"superadmin\";}'),
(293624, 28180, 'SessionID', 'ab7607e949cab980d021cb9002200b49f24a7441bf6132c6da8ae65d9e9a9d87'),
(293625, 28181, 'PostID', '8202'),
(293626, 28181, 'PostTitle', 'The Egyptian Education Sector: Challenges and Opportunities'),
(293627, 28181, 'PostStatus', 'draft'),
(293628, 28181, 'PostType', 'law_update_articles'),
(293629, 28181, 'PostDate', '2018-09-02 18:51:25'),
(293630, 28181, 'PostUrl', 'https://www.tamimi.com/?post_type=law_update_articles&p=8202'),
(293631, 28181, 'MetaKey', 'lawUpdateArticleWriters'),
(293632, 28181, 'MetaValue', '1'),
(293633, 28181, 'MetaLink', 'lawUpdateArticleWriters'),
(293634, 28181, 'EditorLinkPost', 'https://www.tamimi.com/wp-admin/post.php?post=8202&amp;action=edit'),
(293635, 28181, 'ClientIP', '83.111.236.141'),
(293636, 28181, 'UserAgent', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Trident/7.0; rv:11.0) like Gecko'),
(293637, 28181, 'CurrentUserID', '5'),
(293638, 28181, 'CurrentUserRoles', 'a:2:{i:0;s:13:\"administrator\";i:1;s:10:\"superadmin\";}'),
(293639, 28181, 'SessionID', 'ab7607e949cab980d021cb9002200b49f24a7441bf6132c6da8ae65d9e9a9d87'),
(293640, 28182, 'PostID', '8202'),
(293641, 28182, 'PostTitle', 'The Egyptian Education Sector: Challenges and Opportunities'),
(293642, 28182, 'PostStatus', 'draft'),
(293643, 28182, 'PostType', 'law_update_articles'),
(293644, 28182, 'PostDate', '2018-09-02 18:51:25'),
(293645, 28182, 'PostUrl', 'https://www.tamimi.com/?post_type=law_update_articles&p=8202'),
(293646, 28182, 'MetaKey', 'lawUpdateArticleNoWriters_0_lawUpdateAuthorName'),
(293647, 28182, 'MetaValue', 'Youssef Sallam'),
(293648, 28182, 'MetaLink', 'lawUpdateArticleNoWriters_0_lawUpdateAuthorName'),
(293649, 28182, 'EditorLinkPost', 'https://www.tamimi.com/wp-admin/post.php?post=8202&amp;action=edit'),
(293650, 28182, 'ClientIP', '83.111.236.141'),
(293651, 28182, 'UserAgent', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Trident/7.0; rv:11.0) like Gecko'),
(293652, 28182, 'CurrentUserID', '5'),
(293653, 28182, 'CurrentUserRoles', 'a:2:{i:0;s:13:\"administrator\";i:1;s:10:\"superadmin\";}'),
(293654, 28182, 'SessionID', 'ab7607e949cab980d021cb9002200b49f24a7441bf6132c6da8ae65d9e9a9d87'),
(293655, 28183, 'PostID', '8202'),
(293656, 28183, 'PostTitle', 'The Egyptian Education Sector: Challenges and Opportunities'),
(293657, 28183, 'PostStatus', 'draft'),
(293658, 28183, 'PostType', 'law_update_articles'),
(293659, 28183, 'PostDate', '2018-09-02 18:51:25'),
(293660, 28183, 'PostUrl', 'https://www.tamimi.com/?post_type=law_update_articles&p=8202'),
(293661, 28183, 'MetaKey', 'lawUpdateArticleNoWriters_0_lawUpdateAuthorEmail'),
(293662, 28183, 'MetaValue', 'y.sallam@tamimi.com'),
(293663, 28183, 'MetaLink', 'lawUpdateArticleNoWriters_0_lawUpdateAuthorEmail'),
(293664, 28183, 'EditorLinkPost', 'https://www.tamimi.com/wp-admin/post.php?post=8202&amp;action=edit'),
(293665, 28183, 'ClientIP', '83.111.236.141'),
(293666, 28183, 'UserAgent', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Trident/7.0; rv:11.0) like Gecko'),
(293667, 28183, 'CurrentUserID', '5'),
(293668, 28183, 'CurrentUserRoles', 'a:2:{i:0;s:13:\"administrator\";i:1;s:10:\"superadmin\";}'),
(293669, 28183, 'SessionID', 'ab7607e949cab980d021cb9002200b49f24a7441bf6132c6da8ae65d9e9a9d87'),
(293670, 28184, 'PostID', '8202'),
(293671, 28184, 'PostTitle', 'The Egyptian Education Sector: Challenges and Opportunities'),
(293672, 28184, 'PostStatus', 'draft'),
(293673, 28184, 'PostType', 'law_update_articles'),
(293674, 28184, 'PostDate', '2018-09-02 18:51:25'),
(293675, 28184, 'PostUrl', 'https://www.tamimi.com/?post_type=law_update_articles&p=8202'),
(293676, 28184, 'MetaKey', 'lawUpdateArticleNoWriters_0_lawUpdateAuthorLocation'),
(293677, 28184, 'MetaValue', 'Egypt'),
(293678, 28184, 'MetaLink', 'lawUpdateArticleNoWriters_0_lawUpdateAuthorLocation'),
(293679, 28184, 'EditorLinkPost', 'https://www.tamimi.com/wp-admin/post.php?post=8202&amp;action=edit'),
(293680, 28184, 'ClientIP', '83.111.236.141'),
(293681, 28184, 'UserAgent', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Trident/7.0; rv:11.0) like Gecko'),
(293682, 28184, 'CurrentUserID', '5'),
(293683, 28184, 'CurrentUserRoles', 'a:2:{i:0;s:13:\"administrator\";i:1;s:10:\"superadmin\";}'),
(293684, 28184, 'SessionID', 'ab7607e949cab980d021cb9002200b49f24a7441bf6132c6da8ae65d9e9a9d87'),
(293685, 28185, 'PostID', '8202'),
(293686, 28185, 'PostTitle', 'The Egyptian Education Sector: Challenges and Opportunities'),
(293687, 28185, 'PostStatus', 'draft'),
(293688, 28185, 'PostType', 'law_update_articles'),
(293689, 28185, 'PostDate', '2018-09-02 18:51:25'),
(293690, 28185, 'PostUrl', 'https://www.tamimi.com/?post_type=law_update_articles&p=8202'),
(293691, 28185, 'MetaKey', 'lawUpdateArticleNoWriters_1_lawUpdateAuthorName'),
(293692, 28185, 'MetaValue', 'Samih Talaat'),
(293693, 28185, 'MetaLink', 'lawUpdateArticleNoWriters_1_lawUpdateAuthorName'),
(293694, 28185, 'EditorLinkPost', 'https://www.tamimi.com/wp-admin/post.php?post=8202&amp;action=edit'),
(293695, 28185, 'ClientIP', '83.111.236.141'),
(293696, 28185, 'UserAgent', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Trident/7.0; rv:11.0) like Gecko'),
(293697, 28185, 'CurrentUserID', '5'),
(293698, 28185, 'CurrentUserRoles', 'a:2:{i:0;s:13:\"administrator\";i:1;s:10:\"superadmin\";}'),
(293699, 28185, 'SessionID', 'ab7607e949cab980d021cb9002200b49f24a7441bf6132c6da8ae65d9e9a9d87'),
(293700, 28186, 'PostID', '8202'),
(293701, 28186, 'PostTitle', 'The Egyptian Education Sector: Challenges and Opportunities'),
(293702, 28186, 'PostStatus', 'draft'),
(293703, 28186, 'PostType', 'law_update_articles'),
(293704, 28186, 'PostDate', '2018-09-02 18:51:25'),
(293705, 28186, 'PostUrl', 'https://www.tamimi.com/?post_type=law_update_articles&p=8202'),
(293706, 28186, 'MetaKey', 'lawUpdateArticleNoWriters_1_lawUpdateAuthorEmail'),
(293707, 28186, 'MetaValue', 's.talaat@tamimi.com'),
(293708, 28186, 'MetaLink', 'lawUpdateArticleNoWriters_1_lawUpdateAuthorEmail'),
(293709, 28186, 'EditorLinkPost', 'https://www.tamimi.com/wp-admin/post.php?post=8202&amp;action=edit'),
(293710, 28186, 'ClientIP', '83.111.236.141'),
(293711, 28186, 'UserAgent', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Trident/7.0; rv:11.0) like Gecko'),
(293712, 28186, 'CurrentUserID', '5'),
(293713, 28186, 'CurrentUserRoles', 'a:2:{i:0;s:13:\"administrator\";i:1;s:10:\"superadmin\";}'),
(293714, 28186, 'SessionID', 'ab7607e949cab980d021cb9002200b49f24a7441bf6132c6da8ae65d9e9a9d87'),
(293715, 28187, 'PostID', '8202'),
(293716, 28187, 'PostTitle', 'The Egyptian Education Sector: Challenges and Opportunities'),
(293717, 28187, 'PostStatus', 'draft'),
(293718, 28187, 'PostType', 'law_update_articles'),
(293719, 28187, 'PostDate', '2018-09-02 18:51:25'),
(293720, 28187, 'PostUrl', 'https://www.tamimi.com/?post_type=law_update_articles&p=8202'),
(293721, 28187, 'MetaKey', 'lawUpdateArticleNoWriters_1_lawUpdateAuthorLocation'),
(293722, 28187, 'MetaValue', 'Egypt'),
(293723, 28187, 'MetaLink', 'lawUpdateArticleNoWriters_1_lawUpdateAuthorLocation'),
(293724, 28187, 'EditorLinkPost', 'https://www.tamimi.com/wp-admin/post.php?post=8202&amp;action=edit'),
(293725, 28187, 'ClientIP', '83.111.236.141'),
(293726, 28187, 'UserAgent', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Trident/7.0; rv:11.0) like Gecko'),
(293727, 28187, 'CurrentUserID', '5'),
(293728, 28187, 'CurrentUserRoles', 'a:2:{i:0;s:13:\"administrator\";i:1;s:10:\"superadmin\";}'),
(293729, 28187, 'SessionID', 'ab7607e949cab980d021cb9002200b49f24a7441bf6132c6da8ae65d9e9a9d87'),
(293730, 28188, 'PostID', '8202'),
(293731, 28188, 'PostTitle', 'The Egyptian Education Sector: Challenges and Opportunities'),
(293732, 28188, 'PostStatus', 'draft'),
(293733, 28188, 'PostType', 'law_update_articles'),
(293734, 28188, 'PostDate', '2018-09-02 18:51:25'),
(293735, 28188, 'PostUrl', 'https://www.tamimi.com/?post_type=law_update_articles&p=8202'),
(293736, 28188, 'MetaKey', 'lawUpdateArticleNoWriters'),
(293737, 28188, 'MetaValue', '2'),
(293738, 28188, 'MetaLink', 'lawUpdateArticleNoWriters'),
(293739, 28188, 'EditorLinkPost', 'https://www.tamimi.com/wp-admin/post.php?post=8202&amp;action=edit'),
(293740, 28188, 'ClientIP', '83.111.236.141'),
(293741, 28188, 'UserAgent', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Trident/7.0; rv:11.0) like Gecko'),
(293742, 28188, 'CurrentUserID', '5'),
(293743, 28188, 'CurrentUserRoles', 'a:2:{i:0;s:13:\"administrator\";i:1;s:10:\"superadmin\";}'),
(293744, 28188, 'SessionID', 'ab7607e949cab980d021cb9002200b49f24a7441bf6132c6da8ae65d9e9a9d87'),
(293745, 28189, 'PostID', '8202'),
(293746, 28189, 'PostTitle', 'The Egyptian Education Sector: Challenges and Opportunities'),
(293747, 28189, 'PostStatus', 'draft'),
(293748, 28189, 'PostType', 'law_update_articles'),
(293749, 28189, 'PostDate', '2018-09-02 18:51:25'),
(293750, 28189, 'PostUrl', 'https://www.tamimi.com/?post_type=law_update_articles&p=8202'),
(293751, 28189, 'MetaKey', 'orderValue1'),
(293752, 28189, 'MetaValue', '1'),
(293753, 28189, 'MetaLink', 'orderValue1'),
(293754, 28189, 'EditorLinkPost', 'https://www.tamimi.com/wp-admin/post.php?post=8202&amp;action=edit'),
(293755, 28189, 'ClientIP', '83.111.236.141'),
(293756, 28189, 'UserAgent', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Trident/7.0; rv:11.0) like Gecko'),
(293757, 28189, 'CurrentUserID', '5'),
(293758, 28189, 'CurrentUserRoles', 'a:2:{i:0;s:13:\"administrator\";i:1;s:10:\"superadmin\";}'),
(293759, 28189, 'SessionID', 'ab7607e949cab980d021cb9002200b49f24a7441bf6132c6da8ae65d9e9a9d87'),
(293760, 28190, 'PostID', '8202'),
(293761, 28190, 'PostTitle', 'The Egyptian Education Sector: Challenges and Opportunities'),
(293762, 28190, 'PostStatus', 'draft'),
(293763, 28190, 'PostType', 'law_update_articles'),
(293764, 28190, 'PostDate', '2018-09-02 18:51:25'),
(293765, 28190, 'PostUrl', 'https://www.tamimi.com/?post_type=law_update_articles&p=8202'),
(293766, 28190, 'MetaKey', 'stats_list'),
(293767, 28190, 'MetaLink', 'stats_list'),
(293768, 28190, 'EditorLinkPost', 'https://www.tamimi.com/wp-admin/post.php?post=8202&amp;action=edit'),
(293769, 28190, 'ClientIP', '83.111.236.141'),
(293770, 28190, 'UserAgent', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Trident/7.0; rv:11.0) like Gecko'),
(293771, 28190, 'CurrentUserID', '5'),
(293772, 28190, 'CurrentUserRoles', 'a:2:{i:0;s:13:\"administrator\";i:1;s:10:\"superadmin\";}'),
(293773, 28190, 'SessionID', 'ab7607e949cab980d021cb9002200b49f24a7441bf6132c6da8ae65d9e9a9d87'),
(293774, 28191, 'PostID', '8202'),
(293775, 28191, 'PostType', 'law_update_articles'),
(293776, 28191, 'PostTitle', 'The Egyptian Education Sector: Challenges and Opportunities'),
(293777, 28191, 'PostStatus', 'draft'),
(293778, 28191, 'PostDate', '2018-09-02 18:51:25'),
(293779, 28191, 'PostUrl', 'https://www.tamimi.com/?post_type=law_update_articles&p=8202'),
(293780, 28191, 'EditorLinkPost', 'https://www.tamimi.com/wp-admin/post.php?post=8202&amp;action=edit'),
(293781, 28191, 'ClientIP', '83.111.236.141'),
(293782, 28191, 'UserAgent', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Trident/7.0; rv:11.0) like Gecko'),
(293783, 28191, 'CurrentUserID', '5'),
(293784, 28191, 'CurrentUserRoles', 'a:2:{i:0;s:13:\"administrator\";i:1;s:10:\"superadmin\";}'),
(293785, 28191, 'SessionID', 'ab7607e949cab980d021cb9002200b49f24a7441bf6132c6da8ae65d9e9a9d87'),
(293786, 28192, 'PostID', '8202'),
(293787, 28192, 'PostType', 'law_update_articles'),
(293788, 28192, 'PostTitle', 'The Egyptian Education Sector: Challenges and Opportunities'),
(293789, 28192, 'PostStatus', 'draft'),
(293790, 28192, 'PostDate', '2018-09-02 18:51:25'),
(293791, 28192, 'PostUrl', 'https://www.tamimi.com/?post_type=law_update_articles&p=8202'),
(293792, 28192, 'EditorLinkPost', 'https://www.tamimi.com/wp-admin/post.php?post=8202&amp;action=edit'),
(293793, 28192, 'ClientIP', '83.111.236.141'),
(293794, 28192, 'UserAgent', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Trident/7.0; rv:11.0) like Gecko'),
(293795, 28192, 'CurrentUserID', '5'),
(293796, 28192, 'CurrentUserRoles', 'a:2:{i:0;s:13:\"administrator\";i:1;s:10:\"superadmin\";}'),
(293797, 28192, 'SessionID', 'ab7607e949cab980d021cb9002200b49f24a7441bf6132c6da8ae65d9e9a9d87'),
(293798, 28193, 'PostID', '8202'),
(293799, 28193, 'PostType', 'law_update_articles'),
(293800, 28193, 'PostTitle', 'The Egyptian Education Sector: Challenges and Opportunities'),
(293801, 28193, 'PostStatus', 'draft'),
(293802, 28193, 'PostDate', '2018-09-02 18:51:41'),
(293803, 28193, 'PostUrl', 'https://www.tamimi.com/?post_type=law_update_articles&p=8202'),
(293804, 28193, 'EditorLinkPost', 'https://www.tamimi.com/wp-admin/post.php?post=8202&amp;action=edit'),
(293805, 28193, 'ClientIP', '83.111.236.141'),
(293806, 28193, 'UserAgent', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Trident/7.0; rv:11.0) like Gecko'),
(293807, 28193, 'CurrentUserID', '5'),
(293808, 28193, 'CurrentUserRoles', 'a:2:{i:0;s:13:\"administrator\";i:1;s:10:\"superadmin\";}'),
(293809, 28193, 'SessionID', 'ab7607e949cab980d021cb9002200b49f24a7441bf6132c6da8ae65d9e9a9d87'),
(293810, 28194, 'PostID', '8203'),
(293811, 28194, 'PostType', 'law_update_articles'),
(293812, 28194, 'PostTitle', 'PPP in KSA Education'),
(293813, 28194, 'PostStatus', 'draft'),
(293814, 28194, 'PostDate', '2018-09-02 18:54:55'),
(293815, 28194, 'PostUrl', 'https://www.tamimi.com/?post_type=law_update_articles&p=8203'),
(293816, 28194, 'EditorLinkPost', 'https://www.tamimi.com/wp-admin/post.php?post=8203&amp;action=edit'),
(293817, 28194, 'ClientIP', '83.111.236.141'),
(293818, 28194, 'UserAgent', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Trident/7.0; rv:11.0) like Gecko'),
(293819, 28194, 'CurrentUserID', '5'),
(293820, 28194, 'CurrentUserRoles', 'a:2:{i:0;s:13:\"administrator\";i:1;s:10:\"superadmin\";}'),
(293821, 28194, 'SessionID', 'ab7607e949cab980d021cb9002200b49f24a7441bf6132c6da8ae65d9e9a9d87'),
(293822, 28195, 'PostID', '8203'),
(293823, 28195, 'PostTitle', 'PPP in KSA Education'),
(293824, 28195, 'PostStatus', 'draft'),
(293825, 28195, 'PostType', 'law_update_articles'),
(293826, 28195, 'PostDate', '2018-09-02 18:54:55'),
(293827, 28195, 'PostUrl', 'https://www.tamimi.com/?post_type=law_update_articles&p=8203'),
(293828, 28195, 'MetaKey', 'lawUpdateArticleMonth'),
(293829, 28195, 'MetaValue', '8183'),
(293830, 28195, 'MetaLink', 'lawUpdateArticleMonth'),
(293831, 28195, 'EditorLinkPost', 'https://www.tamimi.com/wp-admin/post.php?post=8203&amp;action=edit'),
(293832, 28195, 'ClientIP', '83.111.236.141'),
(293833, 28195, 'UserAgent', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Trident/7.0; rv:11.0) like Gecko'),
(293834, 28195, 'CurrentUserID', '5'),
(293835, 28195, 'CurrentUserRoles', 'a:2:{i:0;s:13:\"administrator\";i:1;s:10:\"superadmin\";}'),
(293836, 28195, 'SessionID', 'ab7607e949cab980d021cb9002200b49f24a7441bf6132c6da8ae65d9e9a9d87'),
(293837, 28196, 'PostID', '8203'),
(293838, 28196, 'PostTitle', 'PPP in KSA Education'),
(293839, 28196, 'PostStatus', 'draft'),
(293840, 28196, 'PostType', 'law_update_articles'),
(293841, 28196, 'PostDate', '2018-09-02 18:54:55'),
(293842, 28196, 'PostUrl', 'https://www.tamimi.com/?post_type=law_update_articles&p=8203'),
(293843, 28196, 'MetaKey', 'lawUpdateArticlePractices_0_lawUpdateArticlePractice'),
(293844, 28196, 'MetaValue', '645'),
(293845, 28196, 'MetaLink', 'lawUpdateArticlePractices_0_lawUpdateArticlePractice'),
(293846, 28196, 'EditorLinkPost', 'https://www.tamimi.com/wp-admin/post.php?post=8203&amp;action=edit'),
(293847, 28196, 'ClientIP', '83.111.236.141'),
(293848, 28196, 'UserAgent', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Trident/7.0; rv:11.0) like Gecko'),
(293849, 28196, 'CurrentUserID', '5'),
(293850, 28196, 'CurrentUserRoles', 'a:2:{i:0;s:13:\"administrator\";i:1;s:10:\"superadmin\";}'),
(293851, 28196, 'SessionID', 'ab7607e949cab980d021cb9002200b49f24a7441bf6132c6da8ae65d9e9a9d87'),
(293852, 28197, 'PostID', '8203'),
(293853, 28197, 'PostTitle', 'PPP in KSA Education'),
(293854, 28197, 'PostStatus', 'draft'),
(293855, 28197, 'PostType', 'law_update_articles'),
(293856, 28197, 'PostDate', '2018-09-02 18:54:55'),
(293857, 28197, 'PostUrl', 'https://www.tamimi.com/?post_type=law_update_articles&p=8203'),
(293858, 28197, 'MetaKey', 'lawUpdateArticlePractices'),
(293859, 28197, 'MetaValue', '1'),
(293860, 28197, 'MetaLink', 'lawUpdateArticlePractices'),
(293861, 28197, 'EditorLinkPost', 'https://www.tamimi.com/wp-admin/post.php?post=8203&amp;action=edit'),
(293862, 28197, 'ClientIP', '83.111.236.141'),
(293863, 28197, 'UserAgent', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Trident/7.0; rv:11.0) like Gecko'),
(293864, 28197, 'CurrentUserID', '5'),
(293865, 28197, 'CurrentUserRoles', 'a:2:{i:0;s:13:\"administrator\";i:1;s:10:\"superadmin\";}'),
(293866, 28197, 'SessionID', 'ab7607e949cab980d021cb9002200b49f24a7441bf6132c6da8ae65d9e9a9d87'),
(293867, 28198, 'PostID', '8203'),
(293868, 28198, 'PostTitle', 'PPP in KSA Education'),
(293869, 28198, 'PostStatus', 'draft'),
(293870, 28198, 'PostType', 'law_update_articles'),
(293871, 28198, 'PostDate', '2018-09-02 18:54:55'),
(293872, 28198, 'PostUrl', 'https://www.tamimi.com/?post_type=law_update_articles&p=8203'),
(293873, 28198, 'MetaKey', 'lawUpdateArticleSectors_0_lawUpdateArticleSector'),
(293874, 28198, 'MetaValue', '1570'),
(293875, 28198, 'MetaLink', 'lawUpdateArticleSectors_0_lawUpdateArticleSector'),
(293876, 28198, 'EditorLinkPost', 'https://www.tamimi.com/wp-admin/post.php?post=8203&amp;action=edit'),
(293877, 28198, 'ClientIP', '83.111.236.141'),
(293878, 28198, 'UserAgent', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Trident/7.0; rv:11.0) like Gecko'),
(293879, 28198, 'CurrentUserID', '5'),
(293880, 28198, 'CurrentUserRoles', 'a:2:{i:0;s:13:\"administrator\";i:1;s:10:\"superadmin\";}'),
(293881, 28198, 'SessionID', 'ab7607e949cab980d021cb9002200b49f24a7441bf6132c6da8ae65d9e9a9d87'),
(293882, 28199, 'PostID', '8203'),
(293883, 28199, 'PostTitle', 'PPP in KSA Education'),
(293884, 28199, 'PostStatus', 'draft'),
(293885, 28199, 'PostType', 'law_update_articles'),
(293886, 28199, 'PostDate', '2018-09-02 18:54:55'),
(293887, 28199, 'PostUrl', 'https://www.tamimi.com/?post_type=law_update_articles&p=8203'),
(293888, 28199, 'MetaKey', 'lawUpdateArticleSectors'),
(293889, 28199, 'MetaValue', '1'),
(293890, 28199, 'MetaLink', 'lawUpdateArticleSectors'),
(293891, 28199, 'EditorLinkPost', 'https://www.tamimi.com/wp-admin/post.php?post=8203&amp;action=edit'),
(293892, 28199, 'ClientIP', '83.111.236.141'),
(293893, 28199, 'UserAgent', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Trident/7.0; rv:11.0) like Gecko'),
(293894, 28199, 'CurrentUserID', '5'),
(293895, 28199, 'CurrentUserRoles', 'a:2:{i:0;s:13:\"administrator\";i:1;s:10:\"superadmin\";}'),
(293896, 28199, 'SessionID', 'ab7607e949cab980d021cb9002200b49f24a7441bf6132c6da8ae65d9e9a9d87'),
(293897, 28200, 'PostID', '8203'),
(293898, 28200, 'PostTitle', 'PPP in KSA Education'),
(293899, 28200, 'PostStatus', 'draft'),
(293900, 28200, 'PostType', 'law_update_articles'),
(293901, 28200, 'PostDate', '2018-09-02 18:54:55'),
(293902, 28200, 'PostUrl', 'https://www.tamimi.com/?post_type=law_update_articles&p=8203'),
(293903, 28200, 'MetaKey', 'lawUpdateArticleWriters_0_lawUpdateArticleWriter'),
(293904, 28200, 'MetaValue', '777'),
(293905, 28200, 'MetaLink', 'lawUpdateArticleWriters_0_lawUpdateArticleWriter'),
(293906, 28200, 'EditorLinkPost', 'https://www.tamimi.com/wp-admin/post.php?post=8203&amp;action=edit'),
(293907, 28200, 'ClientIP', '83.111.236.141'),
(293908, 28200, 'UserAgent', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Trident/7.0; rv:11.0) like Gecko'),
(293909, 28200, 'CurrentUserID', '5'),
(293910, 28200, 'CurrentUserRoles', 'a:2:{i:0;s:13:\"administrator\";i:1;s:10:\"superadmin\";}'),
(293911, 28200, 'SessionID', 'ab7607e949cab980d021cb9002200b49f24a7441bf6132c6da8ae65d9e9a9d87'),
(293912, 28201, 'PostID', '8203'),
(293913, 28201, 'PostTitle', 'PPP in KSA Education'),
(293914, 28201, 'PostStatus', 'draft'),
(293915, 28201, 'PostType', 'law_update_articles'),
(293916, 28201, 'PostDate', '2018-09-02 18:54:55'),
(293917, 28201, 'PostUrl', 'https://www.tamimi.com/?post_type=law_update_articles&p=8203'),
(293918, 28201, 'MetaKey', 'lawUpdateArticleWriters'),
(293919, 28201, 'MetaValue', '1'),
(293920, 28201, 'MetaLink', 'lawUpdateArticleWriters'),
(293921, 28201, 'EditorLinkPost', 'https://www.tamimi.com/wp-admin/post.php?post=8203&amp;action=edit'),
(293922, 28201, 'ClientIP', '83.111.236.141'),
(293923, 28201, 'UserAgent', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Trident/7.0; rv:11.0) like Gecko'),
(293924, 28201, 'CurrentUserID', '5'),
(293925, 28201, 'CurrentUserRoles', 'a:2:{i:0;s:13:\"administrator\";i:1;s:10:\"superadmin\";}'),
(293926, 28201, 'SessionID', 'ab7607e949cab980d021cb9002200b49f24a7441bf6132c6da8ae65d9e9a9d87'),
(293927, 28202, 'PostID', '8203'),
(293928, 28202, 'PostTitle', 'PPP in KSA Education'),
(293929, 28202, 'PostStatus', 'draft'),
(293930, 28202, 'PostType', 'law_update_articles'),
(293931, 28202, 'PostDate', '2018-09-02 18:54:55'),
(293932, 28202, 'PostUrl', 'https://www.tamimi.com/?post_type=law_update_articles&p=8203'),
(293933, 28202, 'MetaKey', 'lawUpdateArticleNoWriters'),
(293934, 28202, 'MetaLink', 'lawUpdateArticleNoWriters'),
(293935, 28202, 'EditorLinkPost', 'https://www.tamimi.com/wp-admin/post.php?post=8203&amp;action=edit'),
(293936, 28202, 'ClientIP', '83.111.236.141'),
(293937, 28202, 'UserAgent', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Trident/7.0; rv:11.0) like Gecko'),
(293938, 28202, 'CurrentUserID', '5'),
(293939, 28202, 'CurrentUserRoles', 'a:2:{i:0;s:13:\"administrator\";i:1;s:10:\"superadmin\";}'),
(293940, 28202, 'SessionID', 'ab7607e949cab980d021cb9002200b49f24a7441bf6132c6da8ae65d9e9a9d87'),
(293941, 28203, 'PostID', '8203'),
(293942, 28203, 'PostType', 'law_update_articles'),
(293943, 28203, 'PostTitle', 'PPP in KSA Education'),
(293944, 28203, 'PostStatus', 'draft'),
(293945, 28203, 'PostDate', '2018-09-02 18:54:55'),
(293946, 28203, 'PostUrl', 'https://www.tamimi.com/?post_type=law_update_articles&p=8203'),
(293947, 28203, 'EditorLinkPost', 'https://www.tamimi.com/wp-admin/post.php?post=8203&amp;action=edit'),
(293948, 28203, 'ClientIP', '83.111.236.141'),
(293949, 28203, 'UserAgent', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Trident/7.0; rv:11.0) like Gecko'),
(293950, 28203, 'CurrentUserID', '5'),
(293951, 28203, 'CurrentUserRoles', 'a:2:{i:0;s:13:\"administrator\";i:1;s:10:\"superadmin\";}'),
(293952, 28203, 'SessionID', 'ab7607e949cab980d021cb9002200b49f24a7441bf6132c6da8ae65d9e9a9d87'),
(293953, 28204, 'PostID', '8203'),
(293954, 28204, 'PostType', 'law_update_articles'),
(293955, 28204, 'PostTitle', 'PPP in KSA Education'),
(293956, 28204, 'PostStatus', 'draft'),
(293957, 28204, 'PostDate', '2018-09-02 18:54:55'),
(293958, 28204, 'PostUrl', 'https://www.tamimi.com/?post_type=law_update_articles&p=8203'),
(293959, 28204, 'EditorLinkPost', 'https://www.tamimi.com/wp-admin/post.php?post=8203&amp;action=edit'),
(293960, 28204, 'ClientIP', '83.111.236.141'),
(293961, 28204, 'UserAgent', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Trident/7.0; rv:11.0) like Gecko'),
(293962, 28204, 'CurrentUserID', '5'),
(293963, 28204, 'CurrentUserRoles', 'a:2:{i:0;s:13:\"administrator\";i:1;s:10:\"superadmin\";}'),
(293964, 28204, 'SessionID', 'ab7607e949cab980d021cb9002200b49f24a7441bf6132c6da8ae65d9e9a9d87'),
(293965, 28205, 'PostID', '8203'),
(293966, 28205, 'PostType', 'law_update_articles'),
(293967, 28205, 'PostTitle', 'PPP in KSA Education'),
(293968, 28205, 'PostStatus', 'draft'),
(293969, 28205, 'PostDate', '2018-09-02 18:55:10'),
(293970, 28205, 'PostUrl', 'https://www.tamimi.com/?post_type=law_update_articles&p=8203'),
(293971, 28205, 'EditorLinkPost', 'https://www.tamimi.com/wp-admin/post.php?post=8203&amp;action=edit'),
(293972, 28205, 'ClientIP', '83.111.236.141'),
(293973, 28205, 'UserAgent', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Trident/7.0; rv:11.0) like Gecko'),
(293974, 28205, 'CurrentUserID', '5'),
(293975, 28205, 'CurrentUserRoles', 'a:2:{i:0;s:13:\"administrator\";i:1;s:10:\"superadmin\";}'),
(293976, 28205, 'SessionID', 'ab7607e949cab980d021cb9002200b49f24a7441bf6132c6da8ae65d9e9a9d87'),
(293977, 28206, 'PostID', '8204'),
(293978, 28206, 'PostType', 'law_update_articles'),
(293979, 28206, 'PostTitle', 'Enforcement of Foreign Judgments in Jordan'),
(293980, 28206, 'PostStatus', 'draft'),
(293981, 28206, 'PostDate', '2018-09-02 18:58:16'),
(293982, 28206, 'PostUrl', 'https://www.tamimi.com/?post_type=law_update_articles&p=8204'),
(293983, 28206, 'EditorLinkPost', 'https://www.tamimi.com/wp-admin/post.php?post=8204&amp;action=edit'),
(293984, 28206, 'ClientIP', '83.111.236.141'),
(293985, 28206, 'UserAgent', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Trident/7.0; rv:11.0) like Gecko'),
(293986, 28206, 'CurrentUserID', '5'),
(293987, 28206, 'CurrentUserRoles', 'a:2:{i:0;s:13:\"administrator\";i:1;s:10:\"superadmin\";}'),
(293988, 28206, 'SessionID', 'ab7607e949cab980d021cb9002200b49f24a7441bf6132c6da8ae65d9e9a9d87'),
(293989, 28207, 'PostID', '8204'),
(293990, 28207, 'PostTitle', 'Enforcement of Foreign Judgments in Jordan'),
(293991, 28207, 'PostStatus', 'draft'),
(293992, 28207, 'PostType', 'law_update_articles'),
(293993, 28207, 'PostDate', '2018-09-02 18:58:16'),
(293994, 28207, 'PostUrl', 'https://www.tamimi.com/?post_type=law_update_articles&p=8204'),
(293995, 28207, 'MetaKey', 'lawUpdateArticleMonth'),
(293996, 28207, 'MetaValue', '8183'),
(293997, 28207, 'MetaLink', 'lawUpdateArticleMonth'),
(293998, 28207, 'EditorLinkPost', 'https://www.tamimi.com/wp-admin/post.php?post=8204&amp;action=edit'),
(293999, 28207, 'ClientIP', '83.111.236.141'),
(294000, 28207, 'UserAgent', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Trident/7.0; rv:11.0) like Gecko'),
(294001, 28207, 'CurrentUserID', '5'),
(294002, 28207, 'CurrentUserRoles', 'a:2:{i:0;s:13:\"administrator\";i:1;s:10:\"superadmin\";}'),
(294003, 28207, 'SessionID', 'ab7607e949cab980d021cb9002200b49f24a7441bf6132c6da8ae65d9e9a9d87'),
(294004, 28208, 'PostID', '8204'),
(294005, 28208, 'PostTitle', 'Enforcement of Foreign Judgments in Jordan'),
(294006, 28208, 'PostStatus', 'draft'),
(294007, 28208, 'PostType', 'law_update_articles'),
(294008, 28208, 'PostDate', '2018-09-02 18:58:16'),
(294009, 28208, 'PostUrl', 'https://www.tamimi.com/?post_type=law_update_articles&p=8204'),
(294010, 28208, 'MetaKey', 'lawUpdateArticlePractices_0_lawUpdateArticlePractice'),
(294011, 28208, 'MetaValue', '542'),
(294012, 28208, 'MetaLink', 'lawUpdateArticlePractices_0_lawUpdateArticlePractice'),
(294013, 28208, 'EditorLinkPost', 'https://www.tamimi.com/wp-admin/post.php?post=8204&amp;action=edit'),
(294014, 28208, 'ClientIP', '83.111.236.141'),
(294015, 28208, 'UserAgent', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Trident/7.0; rv:11.0) like Gecko'),
(294016, 28208, 'CurrentUserID', '5'),
(294017, 28208, 'CurrentUserRoles', 'a:2:{i:0;s:13:\"administrator\";i:1;s:10:\"superadmin\";}'),
(294018, 28208, 'SessionID', 'ab7607e949cab980d021cb9002200b49f24a7441bf6132c6da8ae65d9e9a9d87'),
(294019, 28209, 'PostID', '8204'),
(294020, 28209, 'PostTitle', 'Enforcement of Foreign Judgments in Jordan'),
(294021, 28209, 'PostStatus', 'draft'),
(294022, 28209, 'PostType', 'law_update_articles'),
(294023, 28209, 'PostDate', '2018-09-02 18:58:16'),
(294024, 28209, 'PostUrl', 'https://www.tamimi.com/?post_type=law_update_articles&p=8204'),
(294025, 28209, 'MetaKey', 'lawUpdateArticlePractices'),
(294026, 28209, 'MetaValue', '1'),
(294027, 28209, 'MetaLink', 'lawUpdateArticlePractices'),
(294028, 28209, 'EditorLinkPost', 'https://www.tamimi.com/wp-admin/post.php?post=8204&amp;action=edit'),
(294029, 28209, 'ClientIP', '83.111.236.141'),
(294030, 28209, 'UserAgent', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Trident/7.0; rv:11.0) like Gecko'),
(294031, 28209, 'CurrentUserID', '5'),
(294032, 28209, 'CurrentUserRoles', 'a:2:{i:0;s:13:\"administrator\";i:1;s:10:\"superadmin\";}'),
(294033, 28209, 'SessionID', 'ab7607e949cab980d021cb9002200b49f24a7441bf6132c6da8ae65d9e9a9d87'),
(294034, 28210, 'PostID', '8204'),
(294035, 28210, 'PostTitle', 'Enforcement of Foreign Judgments in Jordan'),
(294036, 28210, 'PostStatus', 'draft'),
(294037, 28210, 'PostType', 'law_update_articles'),
(294038, 28210, 'PostDate', '2018-09-02 18:58:16'),
(294039, 28210, 'PostUrl', 'https://www.tamimi.com/?post_type=law_update_articles&p=8204'),
(294040, 28210, 'MetaKey', 'lawUpdateArticleSectors'),
(294041, 28210, 'MetaLink', 'lawUpdateArticleSectors'),
(294042, 28210, 'EditorLinkPost', 'https://www.tamimi.com/wp-admin/post.php?post=8204&amp;action=edit'),
(294043, 28210, 'ClientIP', '83.111.236.141'),
(294044, 28210, 'UserAgent', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Trident/7.0; rv:11.0) like Gecko'),
(294045, 28210, 'CurrentUserID', '5'),
(294046, 28210, 'CurrentUserRoles', 'a:2:{i:0;s:13:\"administrator\";i:1;s:10:\"superadmin\";}'),
(294047, 28210, 'SessionID', 'ab7607e949cab980d021cb9002200b49f24a7441bf6132c6da8ae65d9e9a9d87'),
(294048, 28211, 'PostID', '8204'),
(294049, 28211, 'PostType', 'law_update_articles'),
(294050, 28211, 'PostTitle', 'Enforcement of Foreign Judgments in Jordan'),
(294051, 28211, 'PostStatus', 'draft'),
(294052, 28211, 'PostDate', '2018-09-02 18:58:19'),
(294053, 28211, 'PostUrl', 'https://www.tamimi.com/?post_type=law_update_articles&p=8204'),
(294054, 28211, 'EditorLinkPost', 'https://www.tamimi.com/wp-admin/post.php?post=8204&amp;action=edit'),
(294055, 28211, 'ClientIP', '83.111.236.141'),
(294056, 28211, 'UserAgent', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Trident/7.0; rv:11.0) like Gecko'),
(294057, 28211, 'CurrentUserID', '5'),
(294058, 28211, 'CurrentUserRoles', 'a:2:{i:0;s:13:\"administrator\";i:1;s:10:\"superadmin\";}'),
(294059, 28211, 'SessionID', 'ab7607e949cab980d021cb9002200b49f24a7441bf6132c6da8ae65d9e9a9d87'),
(294060, 28212, 'PostID', '8204'),
(294061, 28212, 'PostType', 'law_update_articles'),
(294062, 28212, 'PostTitle', 'Enforcement of Foreign Judgments in Jordan'),
(294063, 28212, 'PostStatus', 'draft'),
(294064, 28212, 'PostDate', '2018-09-02 18:59:47'),
(294065, 28212, 'PostUrl', 'https://www.tamimi.com/?post_type=law_update_articles&p=8204'),
(294066, 28212, 'EditorLinkPost', 'https://www.tamimi.com/wp-admin/post.php?post=8204&amp;action=edit'),
(294067, 28212, 'ClientIP', '83.111.236.141'),
(294068, 28212, 'UserAgent', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Trident/7.0; rv:11.0) like Gecko'),
(294069, 28212, 'CurrentUserID', '5'),
(294070, 28212, 'CurrentUserRoles', 'a:2:{i:0;s:13:\"administrator\";i:1;s:10:\"superadmin\";}');
INSERT INTO `tm_wsal_metadata` (`id`, `occurrence_id`, `name`, `value`) VALUES
(294071, 28212, 'SessionID', 'ab7607e949cab980d021cb9002200b49f24a7441bf6132c6da8ae65d9e9a9d87'),
(294072, 28213, 'PostID', '8204'),
(294073, 28213, 'PostTitle', 'Enforcement of Foreign Judgments in Jordan'),
(294074, 28213, 'PostStatus', 'draft'),
(294075, 28213, 'PostType', 'law_update_articles'),
(294076, 28213, 'PostDate', '2018-09-02 18:59:47'),
(294077, 28213, 'PostUrl', 'https://www.tamimi.com/?post_type=law_update_articles&p=8204'),
(294078, 28213, 'MetaID', '227068'),
(294079, 28213, 'MetaKey', 'content'),
(294080, 28213, 'MetaValueNew', '<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">In a world in which persons and assets can easily be moved across borders, the concept of the recognition and enforcement of foreign judgments is necessary to make it stricter for losing defendants to avoid liability.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">That being the case, in 1952, Jordan issued the Enforcement of Foreign Judgments Law No. (8) of 1952 (\"Enforcement of Foreign Judgments Law\") under which any judgment given by a court outside of Jordan (including religious courts) in civil proceedings, which orders the payment of a sum of money or passes judgment in respect of moveable property located in Jordan, including awards in arbitral proceedings, may be enforced against a judgment debtor that resides, or has assets, in Jordan.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">The process for recognizing and enforcing foreign judgments around the world is generally uniform. Similar to various definitions in other legal systems, Article (2) of the Enforcement of Foreign Judgments Law defines a \"foreign judgment\" as:</p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\"><em>\"every judgment given by a court outside the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan (including religious courts) in civil proceedings and ordering the payment of a sum of money or giving judgment in respect of moveable property or for the settlement of an account, including awards in arbitral proceedings should such awards be deemed enforceable as a court decision under the laws of the country in which it was issued.\"</em></p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h3 dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Overview of Enforcement Procedures</h3>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Foreign judgments may be enforced in Jordan through an application to be submitted before the competent court; the Court of First Instance (\"Competent Court\") which is not required to re-examine of the merits of the foreign decision.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">In summary of the articles of the Enforcement of Foreign Judgments Law, the Competent Court will enforce a foreign judgment if the judgment is final (i.e. not subject to appeal) between the parties; the court that granted the judgment was competent and had jurisdiction over the parties; regular proceedings were followed that allowed the losing party a chance to be heard; no fraud was worked upon the foreign tribunal court; and enforcement will not violate the public policy of the enforcing state.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Although the concept of enforcement of foreign judgments has been used and adopted to avoid resources spent on re-litigation and to harmonize international court decisions and judgments, the Competent Court, by virtue of Article (7) of the Enforcement of Foreign Judgments Law, is afforded discretion to deny foreign judgments if the foreign procedure may be viewed as deficient, or the outcome of the foreign litigation is considered objectionable. By virtue of such reasons, the application of enforcing the foreign award must be disapproved by the Competent Court, sua sponte. These reasons are:</p>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n 	<li dir=\"LTR\">If the tribunal that issued the foreign judgment lacked jurisdiction;</li>\r\n 	<li dir=\"LTR\">If the judgment debtor had not carried his/her business within the jurisdiction of the tribunal that issued the foreign judgment or if he/she was not residing within its jurisdiction and did not voluntarily appear before it and did not submit to its jurisdiction;</li>\r\n 	<li dir=\"LTR\">If the judgment debtor was not served with a notice to attend by the tribunal that issued the foreign judgment and did not appear before the court although he was residing or carrying his/her business within its jurisdiction;</li>\r\n 	<li dir=\"LTR\">If the foreign judgment has been obtained by means fraud;</li>\r\n 	<li dir=\"LTR\">If the judgment debtor established to the satisfaction of the Jordanian courts that the foreign judgment has not yet become final (and conclusive);</li>\r\n 	<li dir=\"LTR\">If the foreign judgment was issued in a cause of action that will not be entertained by Jordanian courts because it is either contradictory to public order or to public morality; or</li>\r\n 	<li dir=\"LTR\">If the foreign judgment was issued by a court that does not allow the enforcement of judgments issued by Jordanian courts.</li>\r\n</ol>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h2 dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\"></h2>\r\n<h2 dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">\"Any judgment given by a court outside of Jordan … may be enforced against a judgment debtor that resides in Jordan…\"</h2>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h3 dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Attachment</h3>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Subject to Jordanian law, a foreign judgment may be used by the judgment creditor to collect damages. The applicable laws allow for creation of broad range of security interests over a wide range of assets; the legal framework recognizes both possessory and non-possessory pledges and attachments over movable assets and rights in addition to the ability to place a lien over real-estate and properties, garnishing the judgment debtor’s salary, or attaching the judgment debtor’s personal property.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Similar to other counties, the Jordanian legal system entitles the judgment debtor to seize property to ensure satisfaction of a judgment. Article (141) of the Civil Procedures Law No. (24) of the year 1988 as amended (\"Civil Procedures Law\") allows for the judgment creditor to request the provisional attachment of assets belonging to the judgment debtor based on the foreign judgment, as it states:</p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\"><em>\"1- A creditor may apply to the judge of urgent matters or the court based on what it has in the form of evidence and documentation or based on a foreign judgment or arbitral award for the provisional attachment, whether before filing a claim, at the time of filing, or while it is being reviewed, of the debtor’s moveable and immovable assets and assets in the possession of third parties until a judgment is issued in the claim..\"</em></p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Such request is conditional upon the judgment creditor providing monetary insurance legal guarantee, or bank guarantee by a capacitated guarantor the amount and type of which is determined by the Court or the Judge of Urgent Matters. Such insurance or guarantee is for the purposes of guaranteeing any harm or damage that may be incurred by the judgment debtor should it be proven that the judgment creditor is not entitled to enforce its foreign judgment.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">The decision regarding the application for the provisional attachment is done ex parte, whereby the judgment creditor files said application along with its supporting evidence with the Judge of Urgent Matters.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Of course, not every kind of property owned by the judgment debtor is subject to attachment. The Civil Procedures Law provides for exemptions for certain household items, clothing, tools, and other essentials. Additionally, and although the judgment debtor’s salary may be subject to attachment, but a certain amount is exempt in order to allow for personal support or for family support.</p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h3 dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Execution</h3>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Once recognized, a foreign judgment gets enforced in Jordan in the same manner as any other judgment. For example, enforcement can be effected through seizure and sale of real or personal property, garnishment of debts payable to the judgment debtor and, in certain cases, an order for the appointment of an equitable receiver.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Subject to the Execution Law No. (25) of 2007, once a final and conclusive decision is issued by the Competent Court regarding the application of enforcing a foreign judgment, such decision can then be executed against the judgment debtor via the Execution Department.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Under the Jordanian enforcement system, each court has its own enforcement department that is located in each city’s Court of First Instance. This department is solely responsible for the enforcement of decisions that have been issued in its jurisdiction.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">At this stage, the provisional attachment (if any) may be converted into an executory attachment (following the submission of an application to the Execution Department for such conversion) and the judgment debtor’s assets are transferred upon the court’s instructions to the judgment creditor. Principles of agency or alter ego would not be applied to permit enforcement against a third party who is not a judgment debtor. A judgment creditor who seeks to impose liability on a third party under principles such as agency or alter ego is required to do so before the foreign tribunal prior to the conclusive issuance of the foreign judgment and to the issuance of the decision of such enforcement by the Competent Court. After a judgment has been issued, the Competent Court has no power to amend or vary the foreign judgment.</p>\r\nIn conclusion and in light of the above, it may be observed that in spite of a number of grounds the Competent Court has to refuse the enforcement of a foreign judgment, the process appears reasonable. And although arbitration is generally more favoured in cross-border transactions, especially with the adoption of New York Convention on the Recognition and the Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards by almost 160 countries, the concept of enforcing foreign judgments still gives rise to international litigation proving that its awards, similar to arbitral awards, can similarly be enforced in Jordan.'),
(294081, 28213, 'MetaValueOld', '<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">In a world in which persons and assets can easily be moved across borders, the concept of the recognition and enforcement of foreign judgments is necessary to make it stricter for losing defendants to avoid liability.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">That being the case, in 1952, Jordan issued the Enforcement of Foreign Judgments Law No. (8) of 1952 (\"Enforcement of Foreign Judgments Law\") under which any judgment given by a court outside of Jordan (including religious courts) in civil proceedings, which orders the payment of a sum of money or passes judgment in respect of moveable property located in Jordan, including awards in arbitral proceedings, may be enforced against a judgment debtor that resides, or has assets, in Jordan.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">The process for recognizing and enforcing foreign judgments around the world is generally uniform. Similar to various definitions in other legal systems, Article (2) of the Enforcement of Foreign Judgments Law defines a \"foreign judgment\" as:</p>\r\n\r\n<dir><dir>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\"><em>\"every judgment given by a court outside the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan (including religious courts) in civil proceedings and ordering the payment of a sum of money or giving judgment in respect of moveable property or for the settlement of an account, including awards in arbitral proceedings should such awards be deemed enforceable as a court decision under the laws of the country in which it was issued.\"</em></p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\"></p>\r\n\r\n</dir></dir>\r\n<h3 dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Overview of Enforcement Procedures</h3>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\"></p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Foreign judgments may be enforced in Jordan through an application to be submitted before the competent court; the Court of First Instance (\"Competent Court\") which is not required to re-examine of the merits of the foreign decision.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">In summary of the articles of the Enforcement of Foreign Judgments Law, the Competent Court will enforce a foreign judgment if the judgment is final (i.e. not subject to appeal) between the parties; the court that granted the judgment was competent and had jurisdiction over the parties; regular proceedings were followed that allowed the losing party a chance to be heard; no fraud was worked upon the foreign tribunal court; and enforcement will not violate the public policy of the enforcing state.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Although the concept of enforcement of foreign judgments has been used and adopted to avoid resources spent on re-litigation and to harmonize international court decisions and judgments, the Competent Court, by virtue of Article (7) of the Enforcement of Foreign Judgments Law, is afforded discretion to deny foreign judgments if the foreign procedure may be viewed as deficient, or the outcome of the foreign litigation is considered objectionable. By virtue of such reasons, the application of enforcing the foreign award must be disapproved by the Competent Court, sua sponte. These reasons are:</p>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n 	<li dir=\"LTR\">If the tribunal that issued the foreign judgment lacked jurisdiction;</li>\r\n 	<li dir=\"LTR\">If the judgment debtor had not carried his/her business within the jurisdiction of the tribunal that issued the foreign judgment or if he/she was not residing within its jurisdiction and did not voluntarily appear before it and did not submit to its jurisdiction;</li>\r\n 	<li dir=\"LTR\">If the judgment debtor was not served with a notice to attend by the tribunal that issued the foreign judgment and did not appear before the court although he was residing or carrying his/her business within its jurisdiction;</li>\r\n 	<li dir=\"LTR\">If the foreign judgment has been obtained by means fraud;</li>\r\n 	<li dir=\"LTR\">If the judgment debtor established to the satisfaction of the Jordanian courts that the foreign judgment has not yet become final (and conclusive);</li>\r\n 	<li dir=\"LTR\">If the foreign judgment was issued in a cause of action that will not be entertained by Jordanian courts because it is either contradictory to public order or to public morality; or</li>\r\n 	<li dir=\"LTR\">If the foreign judgment was issued by a court that does not allow the enforcement of judgments issued by Jordanian courts.</li>\r\n</ol>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\"></p>\r\n\r\n<h3 dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Attachment</h3>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\"></p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Subject to Jordanian law, a foreign judgment may be used by the judgment creditor to collect damages. The applicable laws allow for creation of broad range of security interests over a wide range of assets; the legal framework recognizes both possessory and non-possessory pledges and attachments over movable assets and rights in addition to the ability to place a lien over real-estate and properties, garnishing the judgment debtor’s salary, or attaching the judgment debtor’s personal property.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Similar to other counties, the Jordanian legal system entitles the judgment debtor to seize property to ensure satisfaction of a judgment. Article (141) of the Civil Procedures Law No. (24) of the year 1988 as amended (\"Civil Procedures Law\") allows for the judgment creditor to request the provisional attachment of assets belonging to the judgment debtor based on the foreign judgment, as it states:</p>\r\n\r\n<dir><dir>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\"><em>\"1- A creditor may apply to the judge of urgent matters or the court based on what it has in the form of evidence and documentation or based on a foreign judgment or arbitral award for the provisional attachment, whether before filing a claim, at the time of filing, or while it is being reviewed, of the debtor’s moveable and immovable assets and assets in the possession of third parties until a judgment is issued in the claim..\"</em></p>\r\n\r\n</dir><i> </i></dir>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Such request is conditional upon the judgment creditor providing monetary insurance legal guarantee, or bank guarantee by a capacitated guarantor the amount and type of which is determined by the Court or the Judge of Urgent Matters. Such insurance or guarantee is for the purposes of guaranteeing any harm or damage that may be incurred by the judgment debtor should it be proven that the judgment creditor is not entitled to enforce its foreign judgment.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">The decision regarding the application for the provisional attachment is done ex parte, whereby the judgment creditor files said application along with its supporting evidence with the Judge of Urgent Matters.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Of course, not every kind of property owned by the judgment debtor is subject to attachment. The Civil Procedures Law provides for exemptions for certain household items, clothing, tools, and other essentials. Additionally, and although the judgment debtor’s salary may be subject to attachment, but a certain amount is exempt in order to allow for personal support or for family support.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\"></p>\r\n\r\n<h3 dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Execution</h3>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\"></p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Once recognized, a foreign judgment gets enforced in Jordan in the same manner as any other judgment. For example, enforcement can be effected through seizure and sale of real or personal property, garnishment of debts payable to the judgment debtor and, in certain cases, an order for the appointment of an equitable receiver.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Subject to the Execution Law No. (25) of 2007, once a final and conclusive decision is issued by the Competent Court regarding the application of enforcing a foreign judgment, such decision can then be executed against the judgment debtor via the Execution Department.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Under the Jordanian enforcement system, each court has its own enforcement department that is located in each city’s Court of First Instance. This department is solely responsible for the enforcement of decisions that have been issued in its jurisdiction.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">At this stage, the provisional attachment (if any) may be converted into an executory attachment (following the submission of an application to the Execution Department for such conversion) and the judgment debtor’s assets are transferred upon the court’s instructions to the judgment creditor. Principles of agency or alter ego would not be applied to permit enforcement against a third party who is not a judgment debtor. A judgment creditor who seeks to impose liability on a third party under principles such as agency or alter ego is required to do so before the foreign tribunal prior to the conclusive issuance of the foreign judgment and to the issuance of the decision of such enforcement by the Competent Court. After a judgment has been issued, the Competent Court has no power to amend or vary the foreign judgment.</p>\r\nIn conclusion and in light of the above, it may be observed that in spite of a number of grounds the Competent Court has to refuse the enforcement of a foreign judgment, the process appears reasonable. And although arbitration is generally more favoured in cross-border transactions, especially with the adoption of New York Convention on the Recognition and the Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards by almost 160 countries, the concept of enforcing foreign judgments still gives rise to international litigation proving that its awards, similar to arbitral awards, can similarly be enforced in Jordan.'),
(294082, 28213, 'MetaLink', 'content'),
(294083, 28213, 'EditorLinkPost', 'https://www.tamimi.com/wp-admin/post.php?post=8204&amp;action=edit'),
(294084, 28213, 'ReportText', '<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">In a world in which persons and assets can easily be moved across borders, the concept of the recognition and enforcement of foreign judgments is necessary to make it stricter for losing defendants to avoid liability.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">That being the case, in 1952, Jordan issued the Enforcement of Foreign Judgments Law No. (8) of 1952 (\"Enforcement of Foreign Judgments Law\") under which any judgment given by a court outside of Jordan (including religious courts) in civil proceedings, which orders the payment of a sum of money or passes judgment in respect of moveable property located in Jordan, including awards in arbitral proceedings, may be enforced against a judgment debtor that resides, or has assets, in Jordan.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">The process for recognizing and enforcing foreign judgments around the world is generally uniform. Similar to various definitions in other legal systems, Article (2) of the Enforcement of Foreign Judgments Law defines a \"foreign judgment\" as:</p>\r\n\r\n<dir><dir>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\"><em>\"every judgment given by a court outside the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan (including religious courts) in civil proceedings and ordering the payment of a sum of money or giving judgment in respect of moveable property or for the settlement of an account, including awards in arbitral proceedings should such awards be deemed enforceable as a court decision under the laws of the country in which it was issued.\"</em></p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\"></p>\r\n\r\n</dir></dir>\r\n<h3 dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Overview of Enforcement Procedures</h3>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\"></p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Foreign judgments may be enforced in Jordan through an application to be submitted before the competent court; the Court of First Instance (\"Competent Court\") which is not required to re-examine of the merits of the foreign decision.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">In summary of the articles of the Enforcement of Foreign Judgments Law, the Competent Court will enforce a foreign judgment if the judgment is final (i.e. not subject to appeal) between the parties; the court that granted the judgment was competent and had jurisdiction over the parties; regular proceedings were followed that allowed the losing party a chance to be heard; no fraud was worked upon the foreign tribunal court; and enforcement will not violate the public policy of the enforcing state.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Although the concept of enforcement of foreign judgments has been used and adopted to avoid resources spent on re-litigation and to harmonize international court decisions and judgments, the Competent Court, by virtue of Article (7) of the Enforcement of Foreign Judgments Law, is afforded discretion to deny foreign judgments if the foreign procedure may be viewed as deficient, or the outcome of the foreign litigation is considered objectionable. By virtue of such reasons, the application of enforcing the foreign award must be disapproved by the Competent Court, sua sponte. These reasons are:</p>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n 	<li dir=\"LTR\">If the tribunal that issued the foreign judgment lacked jurisdiction;</li>\r\n 	<li dir=\"LTR\">If the judgment debtor had not carried his/her business within the jurisdiction of the tribunal that issued the foreign judgment or if he/she was not residing within its jurisdiction and did not voluntarily appear before it and did not submit to its jurisdiction;</li>\r\n 	<li dir=\"LTR\">If the judgment debtor was not served with a notice to attend by the tribunal that issued the foreign judgment and did not appear before the court although he was residing or carrying his/her business within its jurisdiction;</li>\r\n 	<li dir=\"LTR\">If the foreign judgment has been obtained by means fraud;</li>\r\n 	<li dir=\"LTR\">If the judgment debtor established to the satisfaction of the Jordanian courts that the foreign judgment has not yet become final (and conclusive);</li>\r\n 	<li dir=\"LTR\">If the foreign judgment was issued in a cause of action that will not be entertained by Jordanian courts because it is either contradictory to public order or to public morality; or</li>\r\n 	<li dir=\"LTR\">If the foreign judgment was issued by a court that does not allow the enforcement of judgments issued by Jordanian courts.</li>\r\n</ol>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\"></p>\r\n\r\n<h3 dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Attachment</h3>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\"></p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Subject to Jordanian law, a foreign judgment may be used by the judgment creditor to collect damages. The applicable laws allow for creation of broad range of security interests over a wide range of assets; the legal framework recognizes both possessory and non-possessory pledges and attachments over movable assets and rights in addition to the ability to place a lien over real-estate and properties, garnishing the judgment debtor’s salary, or attaching the judgment debtor’s personal property.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Similar to other counties, the Jordanian legal system entitles the judgment debtor to seize property to ensure satisfaction of a judgment. Article (141) of the Civil Procedures Law No. (24) of the year 1988 as amended (\"Civil Procedures Law\") allows for the judgment creditor to request the provisional attachment of assets belonging to the judgment debtor based on the foreign judgment, as it states:</p>\r\n\r\n<dir><dir>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\"><em>\"1- A creditor may apply to the judge of urgent matters or the court based on what it has in the form of evidence and documentation or based on a foreign judgment or arbitral award for the provisional attachment, whether before filing a claim, at the time of filing, or while it is being reviewed, of the debtor’s moveable and immovable assets and assets in the possession of third parties until a judgment is issued in the claim..\"</em></p>\r\n\r\n</dir><i> </i></dir>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Such request is conditional upon the judgment creditor providing monetary insurance legal guarantee, or bank guarantee by a capacitated guarantor the amount and type of which is determined by the Court or the Judge of Urgent Matters. Such insurance or guarantee is for the purposes of guaranteeing any harm or damage that may be incurred by the judgment debtor should it be proven that the judgment creditor is not entitled to enforce its foreign judgment.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">The decision regarding the application for the provisional attachment is done ex parte, whereby the judgment creditor files said application along with its supporting evidence with the Judge of Urgent Matters.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Of course, not every kind of property owned by the judgment debtor is subject to attachment. The Civil Procedures Law provides for exemptions for certain household items, clothing, tools, and other essentials. Additionally, and although the judgment debtor’s salary may be subject to attachment, but a certain amount is exempt in order to allow for personal support or for family support.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\"></p>\r\n\r\n<h3 dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Execution</h3>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\"></p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Once recognized, a foreign judgment gets enforced in Jordan in the same manner as any other judgment. For example, enforcement can be effected through seizure and sale of real or personal property, garnishment of debts payable to the judgment debtor and, in certain cases, an order for the appointment of an equitable receiver.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Subject to the Execution Law No. (25) of 2007, once a final and conclusive decision is issued by the Competent Court regarding the application of enforcing a foreign judgment, such decision can then be executed against the judgment debtor via the Execution Department.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Under the Jordanian enforcement system, each court has its own enforcement department that is located in each city’s Court of First Instance. This department is solely responsible for the enforcement of decisions that have been issued in its jurisdiction.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">At this stage, the provisional attachment (if any) may be converted into an executory attachment (following the submission of an application to the Execution Department for such conversion) and the judgment debtor’s assets are transferred upon the court’s instructions to the judgment creditor. Principles of agency or alter ego would not be applied to permit enforcement against a third party who is not a judgment debtor. A judgment creditor who seeks to impose liability on a third party under principles such as agency or alter ego is required to do so before the foreign tribunal prior to the conclusive issuance of the foreign judgment and to the issuance of the decision of such enforcement by the Competent Court. After a judgment has been issued, the Competent Court has no power to amend or vary the foreign judgment.</p>\r\nIn conclusion and in light of the above, it may be observed that in spite of a number of grounds the Competent Court has to refuse the enforcement of a foreign judgment, the process appears reasonable. And although arbitration is generally more favoured in cross-border transactions, especially with the adoption of New York Convention on the Recognition and the Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards by almost 160 countries, the concept of enforcing foreign judgments still gives rise to international litigation proving that its awards, similar to arbitral awards, can similarly be enforced in Jordan.|<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">In a world in which persons and assets can easily be moved across borders, the concept of the recognition and enforcement of foreign judgments is necessary to make it stricter for losing defendants to avoid liability.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">That being the case, in 1952, Jordan issued the Enforcement of Foreign Judgments Law No. (8) of 1952 (\"Enforcement of Foreign Judgments Law\") under which any judgment given by a court outside of Jordan (including religious courts) in civil proceedings, which orders the payment of a sum of money or passes judgment in respect of moveable property located in Jordan, including awards in arbitral proceedings, may be enforced against a judgment debtor that resides, or has assets, in Jordan.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">The process for recognizing and enforcing foreign judgments around the world is generally uniform. Similar to various definitions in other legal systems, Article (2) of the Enforcement of Foreign Judgments Law defines a \"foreign judgment\" as:</p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\"><em>\"every judgment given by a court outside the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan (including religious courts) in civil proceedings and ordering the payment of a sum of money or giving judgment in respect of moveable property or for the settlement of an account, including awards in arbitral proceedings should such awards be deemed enforceable as a court decision under the laws of the country in which it was issued.\"</em></p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h3 dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Overview of Enforcement Procedures</h3>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Foreign judgments may be enforced in Jordan through an application to be submitted before the competent court; the Court of First Instance (\"Competent Court\") which is not required to re-examine of the merits of the foreign decision.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">In summary of the articles of the Enforcement of Foreign Judgments Law, the Competent Court will enforce a foreign judgment if the judgment is final (i.e. not subject to appeal) between the parties; the court that granted the judgment was competent and had jurisdiction over the parties; regular proceedings were followed that allowed the losing party a chance to be heard; no fraud was worked upon the foreign tribunal court; and enforcement will not violate the public policy of the enforcing state.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Although the concept of enforcement of foreign judgments has been used and adopted to avoid resources spent on re-litigation and to harmonize international court decisions and judgments, the Competent Court, by virtue of Article (7) of the Enforcement of Foreign Judgments Law, is afforded discretion to deny foreign judgments if the foreign procedure may be viewed as deficient, or the outcome of the foreign litigation is considered objectionable. By virtue of such reasons, the application of enforcing the foreign award must be disapproved by the Competent Court, sua sponte. These reasons are:</p>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n 	<li dir=\"LTR\">If the tribunal that issued the foreign judgment lacked jurisdiction;</li>\r\n 	<li dir=\"LTR\">If the judgment debtor had not carried his/her business within the jurisdiction of the tribunal that issued the foreign judgment or if he/she was not residing within its jurisdiction and did not voluntarily appear before it and did not submit to its jurisdiction;</li>\r\n 	<li dir=\"LTR\">If the judgment debtor was not served with a notice to attend by the tribunal that issued the foreign judgment and did not appear before the court although he was residing or carrying his/her business within its jurisdiction;</li>\r\n 	<li dir=\"LTR\">If the foreign judgment has been obtained by means fraud;</li>\r\n 	<li dir=\"LTR\">If the judgment debtor established to the satisfaction of the Jordanian courts that the foreign judgment has not yet become final (and conclusive);</li>\r\n 	<li dir=\"LTR\">If the foreign judgment was issued in a cause of action that will not be entertained by Jordanian courts because it is either contradictory to public order or to public morality; or</li>\r\n 	<li dir=\"LTR\">If the foreign judgment was issued by a court that does not allow the enforcement of judgments issued by Jordanian courts.</li>\r\n</ol>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h2 dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\"></h2>\r\n<h2 dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">\"Any judgment given by a court outside of Jordan … may be enforced against a judgment debtor that resides in Jordan…\"</h2>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h3 dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Attachment</h3>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Subject to Jordanian law, a foreign judgment may be used by the judgment creditor to collect damages. The applicable laws allow for creation of broad range of security interests over a wide range of assets; the legal framework recognizes both possessory and non-possessory pledges and attachments over movable assets and rights in addition to the ability to place a lien over real-estate and properties, garnishing the judgment debtor’s salary, or attaching the judgment debtor’s personal property.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Similar to other counties, the Jordanian legal system entitles the judgment debtor to seize property to ensure satisfaction of a judgment. Article (141) of the Civil Procedures Law No. (24) of the year 1988 as amended (\"Civil Procedures Law\") allows for the judgment creditor to request the provisional attachment of assets belonging to the judgment debtor based on the foreign judgment, as it states:</p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\"><em>\"1- A creditor may apply to the judge of urgent matters or the court based on what it has in the form of evidence and documentation or based on a foreign judgment or arbitral award for the provisional attachment, whether before filing a claim, at the time of filing, or while it is being reviewed, of the debtor’s moveable and immovable assets and assets in the possession of third parties until a judgment is issued in the claim..\"</em></p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Such request is conditional upon the judgment creditor providing monetary insurance legal guarantee, or bank guarantee by a capacitated guarantor the amount and type of which is determined by the Court or the Judge of Urgent Matters. Such insurance or guarantee is for the purposes of guaranteeing any harm or damage that may be incurred by the judgment debtor should it be proven that the judgment creditor is not entitled to enforce its foreign judgment.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">The decision regarding the application for the provisional attachment is done ex parte, whereby the judgment creditor files said application along with its supporting evidence with the Judge of Urgent Matters.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Of course, not every kind of property owned by the judgment debtor is subject to attachment. The Civil Procedures Law provides for exemptions for certain household items, clothing, tools, and other essentials. Additionally, and although the judgment debtor’s salary may be subject to attachment, but a certain amount is exempt in order to allow for personal support or for family support.</p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h3 dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Execution</h3>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Once recognized, a foreign judgment gets enforced in Jordan in the same manner as any other judgment. For example, enforcement can be effected through seizure and sale of real or personal property, garnishment of debts payable to the judgment debtor and, in certain cases, an order for the appointment of an equitable receiver.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Subject to the Execution Law No. (25) of 2007, once a final and conclusive decision is issued by the Competent Court regarding the application of enforcing a foreign judgment, such decision can then be executed against the judgment debtor via the Execution Department.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Under the Jordanian enforcement system, each court has its own enforcement department that is located in each city’s Court of First Instance. This department is solely responsible for the enforcement of decisions that have been issued in its jurisdiction.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">At this stage, the provisional attachment (if any) may be converted into an executory attachment (following the submission of an application to the Execution Department for such conversion) and the judgment debtor’s assets are transferred upon the court’s instructions to the judgment creditor. Principles of agency or alter ego would not be applied to permit enforcement against a third party who is not a judgment debtor. A judgment creditor who seeks to impose liability on a third party under principles such as agency or alter ego is required to do so before the foreign tribunal prior to the conclusive issuance of the foreign judgment and to the issuance of the decision of such enforcement by the Competent Court. After a judgment has been issued, the Competent Court has no power to amend or vary the foreign judgment.</p>\r\nIn conclusion and in light of the above, it may be observed that in spite of a number of grounds the Competent Court has to refuse the enforcement of a foreign judgment, the process appears reasonable. And although arbitration is generally more favoured in cross-border transactions, especially with the adoption of New York Convention on the Recognition and the Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards by almost 160 countries, the concept of enforcing foreign judgments still gives rise to international litigation proving that its awards, similar to arbitral awards, can similarly be enforced in Jordan.'),
(294085, 28213, 'ClientIP', '83.111.236.141'),
(294086, 28213, 'UserAgent', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Trident/7.0; rv:11.0) like Gecko'),
(294087, 28213, 'CurrentUserID', '5'),
(294088, 28213, 'CurrentUserRoles', 'a:2:{i:0;s:13:\"administrator\";i:1;s:10:\"superadmin\";}'),
(294089, 28213, 'SessionID', 'ab7607e949cab980d021cb9002200b49f24a7441bf6132c6da8ae65d9e9a9d87'),
(294090, 28214, 'PostID', '8204'),
(294091, 28214, 'PostType', 'law_update_articles'),
(294092, 28214, 'PostTitle', 'Enforcement of Foreign Judgments in Jordan'),
(294093, 28214, 'PostStatus', 'draft'),
(294094, 28214, 'PostDate', '2018-09-02 18:59:47'),
(294095, 28214, 'PostUrl', 'https://www.tamimi.com/?post_type=law_update_articles&p=8204'),
(294096, 28214, 'EditorLinkPost', 'https://www.tamimi.com/wp-admin/post.php?post=8204&amp;action=edit'),
(294097, 28214, 'ClientIP', '83.111.236.141'),
(294098, 28214, 'UserAgent', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Trident/7.0; rv:11.0) like Gecko'),
(294099, 28214, 'CurrentUserID', '5'),
(294100, 28214, 'CurrentUserRoles', 'a:2:{i:0;s:13:\"administrator\";i:1;s:10:\"superadmin\";}'),
(294101, 28214, 'SessionID', 'ab7607e949cab980d021cb9002200b49f24a7441bf6132c6da8ae65d9e9a9d87'),
(294102, 28215, 'PostID', '8204'),
(294103, 28215, 'PostType', 'law_update_articles'),
(294104, 28215, 'PostTitle', 'Enforcement of Foreign Judgments in Jordan'),
(294105, 28215, 'PostStatus', 'draft'),
(294106, 28215, 'PostDate', '2018-09-02 18:59:47'),
(294107, 28215, 'PostUrl', 'https://www.tamimi.com/?post_type=law_update_articles&p=8204'),
(294108, 28215, 'EditorLinkPost', 'https://www.tamimi.com/wp-admin/post.php?post=8204&amp;action=edit'),
(294109, 28215, 'ClientIP', '83.111.236.141'),
(294110, 28215, 'UserAgent', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Trident/7.0; rv:11.0) like Gecko'),
(294111, 28215, 'CurrentUserID', '5'),
(294112, 28215, 'CurrentUserRoles', 'a:2:{i:0;s:13:\"administrator\";i:1;s:10:\"superadmin\";}'),
(294113, 28215, 'SessionID', 'ab7607e949cab980d021cb9002200b49f24a7441bf6132c6da8ae65d9e9a9d87'),
(294114, 28216, 'PostID', '8204'),
(294115, 28216, 'PostType', 'law_update_articles'),
(294116, 28216, 'PostTitle', 'Enforcement of Foreign Judgments in Jordan'),
(294117, 28216, 'PostStatus', 'draft'),
(294118, 28216, 'PostDate', '2018-09-02 19:00:02'),
(294119, 28216, 'PostUrl', 'https://www.tamimi.com/?post_type=law_update_articles&p=8204'),
(294120, 28216, 'EditorLinkPost', 'https://www.tamimi.com/wp-admin/post.php?post=8204&amp;action=edit'),
(294121, 28216, 'ClientIP', '83.111.236.141'),
(294122, 28216, 'UserAgent', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Trident/7.0; rv:11.0) like Gecko'),
(294123, 28216, 'CurrentUserID', '5'),
(294124, 28216, 'CurrentUserRoles', 'a:2:{i:0;s:13:\"administrator\";i:1;s:10:\"superadmin\";}'),
(294125, 28216, 'SessionID', 'ab7607e949cab980d021cb9002200b49f24a7441bf6132c6da8ae65d9e9a9d87'),
(294126, 28217, 'PostID', '634'),
(294127, 28217, 'PostType', 'practice'),
(294128, 28217, 'PostTitle', 'Intellectual Property'),
(294129, 28217, 'PostStatus', 'publish'),
(294130, 28217, 'PostDate', '2017-09-27 10:28:43'),
(294131, 28217, 'PostUrl', 'https://www.tamimi.com/practice/intellectual-property/'),
(294132, 28217, 'EditorLinkPost', 'https://www.tamimi.com/wp-admin/post.php?post=634&amp;action=edit'),
(294133, 28217, 'ClientIP', '83.111.236.141'),
(294134, 28217, 'UserAgent', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Trident/7.0; rv:11.0) like Gecko'),
(294135, 28217, 'CurrentUserID', '5'),
(294136, 28217, 'CurrentUserRoles', 'a:2:{i:0;s:13:\"administrator\";i:1;s:10:\"superadmin\";}'),
(294137, 28217, 'SessionID', 'ab7607e949cab980d021cb9002200b49f24a7441bf6132c6da8ae65d9e9a9d87'),
(294138, 28218, 'PostID', '897'),
(294139, 28218, 'PostType', 'lawyer'),
(294140, 28218, 'PostTitle', 'Omar Obeidat'),
(294141, 28218, 'PostStatus', 'publish'),
(294142, 28218, 'PostDate', '2017-09-28 08:22:13'),
(294143, 28218, 'PostUrl', 'https://www.tamimi.com/lawyer/omar-obeidat/'),
(294144, 28218, 'EditorLinkPost', 'https://www.tamimi.com/wp-admin/post.php?post=897&amp;action=edit'),
(294145, 28218, 'ClientIP', '83.111.236.141'),
(294146, 28218, 'UserAgent', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Trident/7.0; rv:11.0) like Gecko'),
(294147, 28218, 'CurrentUserID', '5'),
(294148, 28218, 'CurrentUserRoles', 'a:2:{i:0;s:13:\"administrator\";i:1;s:10:\"superadmin\";}'),
(294149, 28218, 'SessionID', 'ab7607e949cab980d021cb9002200b49f24a7441bf6132c6da8ae65d9e9a9d87'),
(294150, 28219, 'PostID', '8205'),
(294151, 28219, 'PostType', 'law_update_articles'),
(294152, 28219, 'PostTitle', 'Qatar: Legislative changes in favour of consumers, domestic and foreign investments'),
(294153, 28219, 'PostStatus', 'draft'),
(294154, 28219, 'PostDate', '2018-09-02 19:04:29'),
(294155, 28219, 'PostUrl', 'https://www.tamimi.com/?post_type=law_update_articles&p=8205'),
(294156, 28219, 'EditorLinkPost', 'https://www.tamimi.com/wp-admin/post.php?post=8205&amp;action=edit'),
(294157, 28219, 'ClientIP', '83.111.236.141'),
(294158, 28219, 'UserAgent', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Trident/7.0; rv:11.0) like Gecko'),
(294159, 28219, 'CurrentUserID', '5'),
(294160, 28219, 'CurrentUserRoles', 'a:2:{i:0;s:13:\"administrator\";i:1;s:10:\"superadmin\";}'),
(294161, 28219, 'SessionID', 'ab7607e949cab980d021cb9002200b49f24a7441bf6132c6da8ae65d9e9a9d87'),
(294162, 28220, 'PostID', '8205'),
(294163, 28220, 'PostTitle', 'Qatar: Legislative changes in favour of consumers, domestic and foreign investments'),
(294164, 28220, 'PostStatus', 'draft'),
(294165, 28220, 'PostType', 'law_update_articles'),
(294166, 28220, 'PostDate', '2018-09-02 19:04:29'),
(294167, 28220, 'PostUrl', 'https://www.tamimi.com/?post_type=law_update_articles&p=8205'),
(294168, 28220, 'MetaKey', 'lawUpdateArticleMonth'),
(294169, 28220, 'MetaValue', '8183'),
(294170, 28220, 'MetaLink', 'lawUpdateArticleMonth'),
(294171, 28220, 'EditorLinkPost', 'https://www.tamimi.com/wp-admin/post.php?post=8205&amp;action=edit'),
(294172, 28220, 'ClientIP', '83.111.236.141'),
(294173, 28220, 'UserAgent', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Trident/7.0; rv:11.0) like Gecko'),
(294174, 28220, 'CurrentUserID', '5'),
(294175, 28220, 'CurrentUserRoles', 'a:2:{i:0;s:13:\"administrator\";i:1;s:10:\"superadmin\";}'),
(294176, 28220, 'SessionID', 'ab7607e949cab980d021cb9002200b49f24a7441bf6132c6da8ae65d9e9a9d87'),
(294177, 28221, 'PostID', '8205'),
(294178, 28221, 'PostTitle', 'Qatar: Legislative changes in favour of consumers, domestic and foreign investments'),
(294179, 28221, 'PostStatus', 'draft'),
(294180, 28221, 'PostType', 'law_update_articles'),
(294181, 28221, 'PostDate', '2018-09-02 19:04:29'),
(294182, 28221, 'PostUrl', 'https://www.tamimi.com/?post_type=law_update_articles&p=8205'),
(294183, 28221, 'MetaKey', 'lawUpdateArticlePractices_0_lawUpdateArticlePractice'),
(294184, 28221, 'MetaValue', '634'),
(294185, 28221, 'MetaLink', 'lawUpdateArticlePractices_0_lawUpdateArticlePractice'),
(294186, 28221, 'EditorLinkPost', 'https://www.tamimi.com/wp-admin/post.php?post=8205&amp;action=edit'),
(294187, 28221, 'ClientIP', '83.111.236.141'),
(294188, 28221, 'UserAgent', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Trident/7.0; rv:11.0) like Gecko'),
(294189, 28221, 'CurrentUserID', '5'),
(294190, 28221, 'CurrentUserRoles', 'a:2:{i:0;s:13:\"administrator\";i:1;s:10:\"superadmin\";}'),
(294191, 28221, 'SessionID', 'ab7607e949cab980d021cb9002200b49f24a7441bf6132c6da8ae65d9e9a9d87'),
(294192, 28222, 'PostID', '8205'),
(294193, 28222, 'PostTitle', 'Qatar: Legislative changes in favour of consumers, domestic and foreign investments'),
(294194, 28222, 'PostStatus', 'draft'),
(294195, 28222, 'PostType', 'law_update_articles'),
(294196, 28222, 'PostDate', '2018-09-02 19:04:29'),
(294197, 28222, 'PostUrl', 'https://www.tamimi.com/?post_type=law_update_articles&p=8205'),
(294198, 28222, 'MetaKey', 'lawUpdateArticlePractices'),
(294199, 28222, 'MetaValue', '1'),
(294200, 28222, 'MetaLink', 'lawUpdateArticlePractices'),
(294201, 28222, 'EditorLinkPost', 'https://www.tamimi.com/wp-admin/post.php?post=8205&amp;action=edit'),
(294202, 28222, 'ClientIP', '83.111.236.141'),
(294203, 28222, 'UserAgent', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Trident/7.0; rv:11.0) like Gecko'),
(294204, 28222, 'CurrentUserID', '5'),
(294205, 28222, 'CurrentUserRoles', 'a:2:{i:0;s:13:\"administrator\";i:1;s:10:\"superadmin\";}'),
(294206, 28222, 'SessionID', 'ab7607e949cab980d021cb9002200b49f24a7441bf6132c6da8ae65d9e9a9d87'),
(294207, 28223, 'PostID', '8205'),
(294208, 28223, 'PostTitle', 'Qatar: Legislative changes in favour of consumers, domestic and foreign investments'),
(294209, 28223, 'PostStatus', 'draft'),
(294210, 28223, 'PostType', 'law_update_articles'),
(294211, 28223, 'PostDate', '2018-09-02 19:04:29'),
(294212, 28223, 'PostUrl', 'https://www.tamimi.com/?post_type=law_update_articles&p=8205'),
(294213, 28223, 'MetaKey', 'lawUpdateArticleSectors'),
(294214, 28223, 'MetaLink', 'lawUpdateArticleSectors'),
(294215, 28223, 'EditorLinkPost', 'https://www.tamimi.com/wp-admin/post.php?post=8205&amp;action=edit'),
(294216, 28223, 'ClientIP', '83.111.236.141'),
(294217, 28223, 'UserAgent', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Trident/7.0; rv:11.0) like Gecko'),
(294218, 28223, 'CurrentUserID', '5'),
(294219, 28223, 'CurrentUserRoles', 'a:2:{i:0;s:13:\"administrator\";i:1;s:10:\"superadmin\";}'),
(294220, 28223, 'SessionID', 'ab7607e949cab980d021cb9002200b49f24a7441bf6132c6da8ae65d9e9a9d87'),
(294221, 28224, 'PostID', '8205'),
(294222, 28224, 'PostType', 'law_update_articles'),
(294223, 28224, 'PostTitle', 'Qatar: Legislative changes in favour of consumers, domestic and foreign investments'),
(294224, 28224, 'PostStatus', 'draft'),
(294225, 28224, 'PostDate', '2018-09-02 19:04:29'),
(294226, 28224, 'PostUrl', 'https://www.tamimi.com/?post_type=law_update_articles&p=8205'),
(294227, 28224, 'EditorLinkPost', 'https://www.tamimi.com/wp-admin/post.php?post=8205&amp;action=edit'),
(294228, 28224, 'ClientIP', '83.111.236.141'),
(294229, 28224, 'UserAgent', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Trident/7.0; rv:11.0) like Gecko'),
(294230, 28224, 'CurrentUserID', '5'),
(294231, 28224, 'CurrentUserRoles', 'a:2:{i:0;s:13:\"administrator\";i:1;s:10:\"superadmin\";}'),
(294232, 28224, 'SessionID', 'ab7607e949cab980d021cb9002200b49f24a7441bf6132c6da8ae65d9e9a9d87'),
(294233, 28225, 'PostID', '8205');
INSERT INTO `tm_wsal_metadata` (`id`, `occurrence_id`, `name`, `value`) VALUES
(294234, 28225, 'PostType', 'law_update_articles'),
(294235, 28225, 'PostTitle', 'Qatar: Legislative changes in favour of consumers, domestic and foreign investments'),
(294236, 28225, 'PostStatus', 'draft'),
(294237, 28225, 'PostDate', '2018-09-02 19:04:29'),
(294238, 28225, 'PostUrl', 'https://www.tamimi.com/?post_type=law_update_articles&p=8205'),
(294239, 28225, 'EditorLinkPost', 'https://www.tamimi.com/wp-admin/post.php?post=8205&amp;action=edit'),
(294240, 28225, 'ClientIP', '83.111.236.141'),
(294241, 28225, 'UserAgent', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Trident/7.0; rv:11.0) like Gecko'),
(294242, 28225, 'CurrentUserID', '5'),
(294243, 28225, 'CurrentUserRoles', 'a:2:{i:0;s:13:\"administrator\";i:1;s:10:\"superadmin\";}'),
(294244, 28225, 'SessionID', 'ab7607e949cab980d021cb9002200b49f24a7441bf6132c6da8ae65d9e9a9d87'),
(294245, 28226, 'PostID', '8205'),
(294246, 28226, 'PostType', 'law_update_articles'),
(294247, 28226, 'PostTitle', 'Qatar: Legislative changes in favour of consumers, domestic and foreign investments'),
(294248, 28226, 'PostStatus', 'draft'),
(294249, 28226, 'PostDate', '2018-09-02 19:05:58'),
(294250, 28226, 'PostUrl', 'https://www.tamimi.com/?post_type=law_update_articles&p=8205'),
(294251, 28226, 'EditorLinkPost', 'https://www.tamimi.com/wp-admin/post.php?post=8205&amp;action=edit'),
(294252, 28226, 'ClientIP', '83.111.236.141'),
(294253, 28226, 'UserAgent', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Trident/7.0; rv:11.0) like Gecko'),
(294254, 28226, 'CurrentUserID', '5'),
(294255, 28226, 'CurrentUserRoles', 'a:2:{i:0;s:13:\"administrator\";i:1;s:10:\"superadmin\";}'),
(294256, 28226, 'SessionID', 'ab7607e949cab980d021cb9002200b49f24a7441bf6132c6da8ae65d9e9a9d87'),
(294257, 28227, 'PostID', '8207'),
(294258, 28227, 'PostType', 'lawyer'),
(294259, 28227, 'PostTitle', 'Amy Land-Pejoska'),
(294260, 28227, 'PostStatus', 'draft'),
(294261, 28227, 'PostDate', '2018-09-02 19:07:43'),
(294262, 28227, 'PostUrl', 'https://www.tamimi.com/?post_type=lawyer&p=8207'),
(294263, 28227, 'EditorLinkPost', 'https://www.tamimi.com/wp-admin/post.php?post=8207&amp;action=edit'),
(294264, 28227, 'ClientIP', '83.111.236.141'),
(294265, 28227, 'UserAgent', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Trident/7.0; rv:11.0) like Gecko'),
(294266, 28227, 'CurrentUserID', '5'),
(294267, 28227, 'CurrentUserRoles', 'a:2:{i:0;s:13:\"administrator\";i:1;s:10:\"superadmin\";}'),
(294268, 28227, 'SessionID', 'ab7607e949cab980d021cb9002200b49f24a7441bf6132c6da8ae65d9e9a9d87'),
(294269, 28228, 'PostID', '8207'),
(294270, 28228, 'PostTitle', 'Amy Land-Pejoska'),
(294271, 28228, 'PostStatus', 'draft'),
(294272, 28228, 'PostType', 'lawyer'),
(294273, 28228, 'PostDate', '2018-09-02 19:07:43'),
(294274, 28228, 'PostUrl', 'https://www.tamimi.com/?post_type=lawyer&p=8207'),
(294275, 28228, 'MetaKey', 'sidebar'),
(294276, 28228, 'MetaLink', 'sidebar'),
(294277, 28228, 'EditorLinkPost', 'https://www.tamimi.com/wp-admin/post.php?post=8207&amp;action=edit'),
(294278, 28228, 'ClientIP', '83.111.236.141'),
(294279, 28228, 'UserAgent', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Trident/7.0; rv:11.0) like Gecko'),
(294280, 28228, 'CurrentUserID', '5'),
(294281, 28228, 'CurrentUserRoles', 'a:2:{i:0;s:13:\"administrator\";i:1;s:10:\"superadmin\";}'),
(294282, 28228, 'SessionID', 'ab7607e949cab980d021cb9002200b49f24a7441bf6132c6da8ae65d9e9a9d87'),
(294283, 28229, 'PostID', '8207'),
(294284, 28229, 'PostType', 'lawyer'),
(294285, 28229, 'PostTitle', 'Amy Land-Pejoska'),
(294286, 28229, 'PostStatus', 'draft'),
(294287, 28229, 'PostDate', '2018-09-02 19:07:43'),
(294288, 28229, 'PostUrl', 'https://www.tamimi.com/?post_type=lawyer&p=8207'),
(294289, 28229, 'EditorLinkPost', 'https://www.tamimi.com/wp-admin/post.php?post=8207&amp;action=edit'),
(294290, 28229, 'ClientIP', '83.111.236.141'),
(294291, 28229, 'UserAgent', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Trident/7.0; rv:11.0) like Gecko'),
(294292, 28229, 'CurrentUserID', '5'),
(294293, 28229, 'CurrentUserRoles', 'a:2:{i:0;s:13:\"administrator\";i:1;s:10:\"superadmin\";}'),
(294294, 28229, 'SessionID', 'ab7607e949cab980d021cb9002200b49f24a7441bf6132c6da8ae65d9e9a9d87'),
(294295, 28230, 'PostID', '4074'),
(294296, 28230, 'PostType', 'page'),
(294297, 28230, 'PostTitle', 'Lawyers'),
(294298, 28230, 'PostStatus', 'publish'),
(294299, 28230, 'PostDate', '2017-10-16 13:58:28'),
(294300, 28230, 'PostUrl', 'https://www.tamimi.com/our-firm/find-a-lawyer/'),
(294301, 28230, 'EditorLinkPost', 'https://www.tamimi.com/wp-admin/post.php?post=4074&amp;action=edit'),
(294302, 28230, 'ClientIP', '83.111.236.141'),
(294303, 28230, 'UserAgent', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Trident/7.0; rv:11.0) like Gecko'),
(294304, 28230, 'CurrentUserID', '5'),
(294305, 28230, 'CurrentUserRoles', 'a:2:{i:0;s:13:\"administrator\";i:1;s:10:\"superadmin\";}'),
(294306, 28230, 'SessionID', 'ab7607e949cab980d021cb9002200b49f24a7441bf6132c6da8ae65d9e9a9d87'),
(294307, 28231, 'PostID', '893'),
(294308, 28231, 'PostType', 'lawyer'),
(294309, 28231, 'PostTitle', 'Nick O’Connell'),
(294310, 28231, 'PostStatus', 'publish'),
(294311, 28231, 'PostDate', '2017-09-28 08:17:21'),
(294312, 28231, 'PostUrl', 'https://www.tamimi.com/lawyer/nick-oconnell/'),
(294313, 28231, 'EditorLinkPost', 'https://www.tamimi.com/wp-admin/post.php?post=893&amp;action=edit'),
(294314, 28231, 'ClientIP', '83.111.236.141'),
(294315, 28231, 'UserAgent', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Trident/7.0; rv:11.0) like Gecko'),
(294316, 28231, 'CurrentUserID', '5'),
(294317, 28231, 'CurrentUserRoles', 'a:2:{i:0;s:13:\"administrator\";i:1;s:10:\"superadmin\";}'),
(294318, 28231, 'SessionID', 'ab7607e949cab980d021cb9002200b49f24a7441bf6132c6da8ae65d9e9a9d87'),
(294319, 28232, 'PostID', '652'),
(294320, 28232, 'PostType', 'practice'),
(294321, 28232, 'PostTitle', 'Technology, Media & Telecommunications'),
(294322, 28232, 'PostStatus', 'publish'),
(294323, 28232, 'PostDate', '2017-09-27 11:04:45'),
(294324, 28232, 'PostUrl', 'https://www.tamimi.com/practice/technology-media-telecommunications/'),
(294325, 28232, 'EditorLinkPost', 'https://www.tamimi.com/wp-admin/post.php?post=652&amp;action=edit'),
(294326, 28232, 'ClientIP', '83.111.236.141'),
(294327, 28232, 'UserAgent', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Trident/7.0; rv:11.0) like Gecko'),
(294328, 28232, 'CurrentUserID', '5'),
(294329, 28232, 'CurrentUserRoles', 'a:2:{i:0;s:13:\"administrator\";i:1;s:10:\"superadmin\";}'),
(294330, 28232, 'SessionID', 'ab7607e949cab980d021cb9002200b49f24a7441bf6132c6da8ae65d9e9a9d87'),
(294331, 28233, 'PostID', '8206'),
(294332, 28233, 'PostType', 'law_update_articles'),
(294333, 28233, 'PostTitle', 'Technology outsourcing in the Saudi financial services sector: The SAMA Outsourcing Rules'),
(294334, 28233, 'PostStatus', 'draft'),
(294335, 28233, 'PostDate', '2018-09-02 19:10:33'),
(294336, 28233, 'PostUrl', 'https://www.tamimi.com/?post_type=law_update_articles&p=8206'),
(294337, 28233, 'EditorLinkPost', 'https://www.tamimi.com/wp-admin/post.php?post=8206&amp;action=edit'),
(294338, 28233, 'ClientIP', '83.111.236.141'),
(294339, 28233, 'UserAgent', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Trident/7.0; rv:11.0) like Gecko'),
(294340, 28233, 'CurrentUserID', '5'),
(294341, 28233, 'CurrentUserRoles', 'a:2:{i:0;s:13:\"administrator\";i:1;s:10:\"superadmin\";}'),
(294342, 28233, 'SessionID', 'ab7607e949cab980d021cb9002200b49f24a7441bf6132c6da8ae65d9e9a9d87'),
(294343, 28234, 'PostID', '8206'),
(294344, 28234, 'PostTitle', 'Technology outsourcing in the Saudi financial services sector: The SAMA Outsourcing Rules'),
(294345, 28234, 'PostStatus', 'draft'),
(294346, 28234, 'PostType', 'law_update_articles'),
(294347, 28234, 'PostDate', '2018-09-02 19:10:33'),
(294348, 28234, 'PostUrl', 'https://www.tamimi.com/?post_type=law_update_articles&p=8206'),
(294349, 28234, 'MetaKey', 'lawUpdateArticleMonth'),
(294350, 28234, 'MetaValue', '8183'),
(294351, 28234, 'MetaLink', 'lawUpdateArticleMonth'),
(294352, 28234, 'EditorLinkPost', 'https://www.tamimi.com/wp-admin/post.php?post=8206&amp;action=edit'),
(294353, 28234, 'ClientIP', '83.111.236.141'),
(294354, 28234, 'UserAgent', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Trident/7.0; rv:11.0) like Gecko'),
(294355, 28234, 'CurrentUserID', '5'),
(294356, 28234, 'CurrentUserRoles', 'a:2:{i:0;s:13:\"administrator\";i:1;s:10:\"superadmin\";}'),
(294357, 28234, 'SessionID', 'ab7607e949cab980d021cb9002200b49f24a7441bf6132c6da8ae65d9e9a9d87'),
(294358, 28235, 'PostID', '8206'),
(294359, 28235, 'PostTitle', 'Technology outsourcing in the Saudi financial services sector: The SAMA Outsourcing Rules'),
(294360, 28235, 'PostStatus', 'draft'),
(294361, 28235, 'PostType', 'law_update_articles'),
(294362, 28235, 'PostDate', '2018-09-02 19:10:33'),
(294363, 28235, 'PostUrl', 'https://www.tamimi.com/?post_type=law_update_articles&p=8206'),
(294364, 28235, 'MetaKey', 'lawUpdateArticlePractices_0_lawUpdateArticlePractice'),
(294365, 28235, 'MetaValue', '652'),
(294366, 28235, 'MetaLink', 'lawUpdateArticlePractices_0_lawUpdateArticlePractice'),
(294367, 28235, 'EditorLinkPost', 'https://www.tamimi.com/wp-admin/post.php?post=8206&amp;action=edit'),
(294368, 28235, 'ClientIP', '83.111.236.141'),
(294369, 28235, 'UserAgent', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Trident/7.0; rv:11.0) like Gecko'),
(294370, 28235, 'CurrentUserID', '5'),
(294371, 28235, 'CurrentUserRoles', 'a:2:{i:0;s:13:\"administrator\";i:1;s:10:\"superadmin\";}'),
(294372, 28235, 'SessionID', 'ab7607e949cab980d021cb9002200b49f24a7441bf6132c6da8ae65d9e9a9d87'),
(294373, 28236, 'PostID', '8206'),
(294374, 28236, 'PostTitle', 'Technology outsourcing in the Saudi financial services sector: The SAMA Outsourcing Rules'),
(294375, 28236, 'PostStatus', 'draft'),
(294376, 28236, 'PostType', 'law_update_articles'),
(294377, 28236, 'PostDate', '2018-09-02 19:10:33'),
(294378, 28236, 'PostUrl', 'https://www.tamimi.com/?post_type=law_update_articles&p=8206'),
(294379, 28236, 'MetaKey', 'lawUpdateArticlePractices'),
(294380, 28236, 'MetaValue', '1'),
(294381, 28236, 'MetaLink', 'lawUpdateArticlePractices'),
(294382, 28236, 'EditorLinkPost', 'https://www.tamimi.com/wp-admin/post.php?post=8206&amp;action=edit'),
(294383, 28236, 'ClientIP', '83.111.236.141'),
(294384, 28236, 'UserAgent', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Trident/7.0; rv:11.0) like Gecko'),
(294385, 28236, 'CurrentUserID', '5'),
(294386, 28236, 'CurrentUserRoles', 'a:2:{i:0;s:13:\"administrator\";i:1;s:10:\"superadmin\";}'),
(294387, 28236, 'SessionID', 'ab7607e949cab980d021cb9002200b49f24a7441bf6132c6da8ae65d9e9a9d87'),
(294388, 28237, 'PostID', '8206'),
(294389, 28237, 'PostTitle', 'Technology outsourcing in the Saudi financial services sector: The SAMA Outsourcing Rules'),
(294390, 28237, 'PostStatus', 'draft'),
(294391, 28237, 'PostType', 'law_update_articles'),
(294392, 28237, 'PostDate', '2018-09-02 19:10:33'),
(294393, 28237, 'PostUrl', 'https://www.tamimi.com/?post_type=law_update_articles&p=8206'),
(294394, 28237, 'MetaKey', 'lawUpdateArticleSectors'),
(294395, 28237, 'MetaLink', 'lawUpdateArticleSectors'),
(294396, 28237, 'EditorLinkPost', 'https://www.tamimi.com/wp-admin/post.php?post=8206&amp;action=edit'),
(294397, 28237, 'ClientIP', '83.111.236.141'),
(294398, 28237, 'UserAgent', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Trident/7.0; rv:11.0) like Gecko'),
(294399, 28237, 'CurrentUserID', '5'),
(294400, 28237, 'CurrentUserRoles', 'a:2:{i:0;s:13:\"administrator\";i:1;s:10:\"superadmin\";}'),
(294401, 28237, 'SessionID', 'ab7607e949cab980d021cb9002200b49f24a7441bf6132c6da8ae65d9e9a9d87'),
(294402, 28238, 'PostID', '8206'),
(294403, 28238, 'PostType', 'law_update_articles'),
(294404, 28238, 'PostTitle', 'Technology outsourcing in the Saudi financial services sector: The SAMA Outsourcing Rules'),
(294405, 28238, 'PostStatus', 'draft'),
(294406, 28238, 'PostDate', '2018-09-02 19:10:33'),
(294407, 28238, 'PostUrl', 'https://www.tamimi.com/?post_type=law_update_articles&p=8206'),
(294408, 28238, 'EditorLinkPost', 'https://www.tamimi.com/wp-admin/post.php?post=8206&amp;action=edit'),
(294409, 28238, 'ClientIP', '83.111.236.141'),
(294410, 28238, 'UserAgent', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Trident/7.0; rv:11.0) like Gecko'),
(294411, 28238, 'CurrentUserID', '5'),
(294412, 28238, 'CurrentUserRoles', 'a:2:{i:0;s:13:\"administrator\";i:1;s:10:\"superadmin\";}'),
(294413, 28238, 'SessionID', 'ab7607e949cab980d021cb9002200b49f24a7441bf6132c6da8ae65d9e9a9d87'),
(294414, 28239, 'PostID', '8206'),
(294415, 28239, 'PostType', 'law_update_articles'),
(294416, 28239, 'PostTitle', 'Technology outsourcing in the Saudi financial services sector: The SAMA Outsourcing Rules'),
(294417, 28239, 'PostStatus', 'draft'),
(294418, 28239, 'PostDate', '2018-09-02 19:10:33'),
(294419, 28239, 'PostUrl', 'https://www.tamimi.com/?post_type=law_update_articles&p=8206'),
(294420, 28239, 'EditorLinkPost', 'https://www.tamimi.com/wp-admin/post.php?post=8206&amp;action=edit'),
(294421, 28239, 'ClientIP', '83.111.236.141'),
(294422, 28239, 'UserAgent', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Trident/7.0; rv:11.0) like Gecko'),
(294423, 28239, 'CurrentUserID', '5'),
(294424, 28239, 'CurrentUserRoles', 'a:2:{i:0;s:13:\"administrator\";i:1;s:10:\"superadmin\";}'),
(294425, 28239, 'SessionID', 'ab7607e949cab980d021cb9002200b49f24a7441bf6132c6da8ae65d9e9a9d87'),
(294426, 28240, 'PostID', '8206'),
(294427, 28240, 'PostTitle', 'Technology outsourcing in the Saudi financial services sector: The SAMA Outsourcing Rules'),
(294428, 28240, 'PostStatus', 'draft'),
(294429, 28240, 'PostType', 'law_update_articles'),
(294430, 28240, 'PostDate', '2018-09-02 19:12:10'),
(294431, 28240, 'PostUrl', 'https://www.tamimi.com/?post_type=law_update_articles&p=8206'),
(294432, 28240, 'MetaID', '227216'),
(294433, 28240, 'MetaKey', 'content'),
(294434, 28240, 'MetaValueNew', '<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">There have been significant changes in technology and regulation since 2008, when the Saudi Arabian Monetary Authority (SAMA) issued Circular No. 424 B.C.S / 34720 – the SAMA Rules of Outsourcing Processes. In this article, we summarise key aspects of the \"Outsourcing Rules\" with a focus on the outsourcing of information technology services.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Outsourcing is a business practice in which a business engages external service providers to perform certain business functions, instead of having those functions performed by its own personnel. The increasing complexity of the outsourcing arrangements adopted by banks, and the potential harm to consumers from offshoring arrangements out of reach of regulators, led to a 2005 report by the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision. The report contained recommendations about tightening the way in which banks outsourced their activities. SAMA subsequently issued the Outsourcing Rules in 2008.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">The stated objective of the Outsourcing Rules is to provide guidance to banks on how to arrange outsourcing, while remaining compliant with the obligations under their banking licences. The Outsourcing Rules apply to branches of foreign banks in the Kingdom, as well as to domestic banks licensed under the Banking Control Law issued under Royal Decree No. M/5 dated 22/2/1386H (12 June 1966).</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Engaging third party service providers can enable banks to reduce costs and obtain other efficiencies, but it may also expose banks to a variety of risks. These can include operational and reputational risks, such as when service providers fail in their performance, when security or confidentiality breaches result, or where the service providers’ actions otherwise result in banks failing to comply with statutory or regulatory obligations. Additionally, the whole banking sector could be at risk if a common service provider to a number of banks fails in its performance of the services entrusted to it.</p>\r\n\r\n<h3 dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Outsourcing basic work and non-basic work</h3>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">The Outsourcing Rules split those functions and tasks that can be outsourced into two main categories – ‘basic works’ and ‘non-basic works’. There are different considerations for outsourcing each of these categories of works, and there is a general prohibition (with some exceptions) on the outsourcing of works relating to customer data processing.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\"><em>Basic Works</em></p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Basic works refer broadly to the core tasks and responsibilities that banks have towards their customers. The operation of a bank’s information technology system is a prime example of basic works. Other examples include all customer-facing tasks (e.g. account opening, funds management, bank statements and transfers and payments), as well as human resources and marketing.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Banks are required to apply more rigour and diligence when outsourcing basic works, given the more serious consequences if the arrangement results in non-delivery of services. For that reason, the outsourcing of basic works is generally not permitted, unless the bank first obtains permission from SAMA. The Outsourcing Rules contain detailed requirements about what must be addressed in outsourcing contracts for basic works, and these are primarily aimed at reducing the potential harm that could result from outsourcing these core tasks and responsibilities.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\"><em>Non-basic Works</em></p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">In contrast, non-basic works include services that are common to many businesses, and where outsourcing does not pose serious risk to customers. Examples include cleaning, printing and postal functions. Non-basic works may be assigned to third party service providers without first obtaining confirmation of no objection from SAMA.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Traditionally, banks would assign many non-basic works to third party service providers as a matter of course, and this may not have been considered ‘outsourcing’. Despite this, there may be implications for the outsourcing of such works in the Outsourcing Rules, so agreements relating to such works still need to be reviewed for compliance.</p>\r\n\r\n<h2 dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">\"The objective of the Outsourcing Rules is to provide guidance to banks on how to arrange outsourcing, while remaining compliant with the obligations under their banking licences.\"</h2>\r\n<h3 dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Risk evaluation and management</h3>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">The Outsourcing Rules require senior management within banks to ensure that risks for existing and potential outsourcing agreements are considered and addressed. For the assignment of basic works, a thorough risk evaluation needs to be undertaken for all new contracts and contract renewals. For non-basic works, a thorough review is only required where there are substantive changes to the deliverables under an outsourcing arrangement.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Banks must properly investigate a service provider’s ability to undertake the contemplated services. Once a service provider is appointed, there is an obligation on the bank to monitor the service provider’s performance to ensure that the work is being done in accordance with the bank’s requirements.</p>\r\n\r\n<h3 dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Outsourcing contracts</h3>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">The Outsourcing Rules require banks to put in place comprehensive outsourcing contracts with service providers. These contracts need to address a variety of requirements, including scope of work, service levels and performance requirements, control and audit procedures, business continuity, pricing, confidentiality and privacy, information security, effects of breach and dispute resolution. The Outsourcing Rules indicate that it is preferable for governing law and jurisdiction of outsourcing contracts be that of Saudi Arabia.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">There is a requirement for outsourcing contracts to restrict service providers from sub-contracting any of the subject services without the prior consent of the banks, and subject to obtaining prior confirmation of no objection from SAMA.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Where customer data or financial statements are to be made available to a service provider in performance of outsourced services, it is necessary to ensure that the contractual arrangement reflects the confidentiality obligations set out in the Banking Control Law, and in other regulations and instructions that SAMA may have issued. It is also necessary to ensure that suitable measures are implemented to protect customer data and financial information in the course of performance of the outsourced services. These measures can include, for example, obligations requiring the adoption of isolation procedures restricting access to such information on a need-to-know basis, and obligations to have individuals involved in delivery of such services enter non-disclosure agreements.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Contracts for basic works need to make clear that SAMA has the right to obtain accounting documents and records relating to the assignment. Additionally, service providers located outside the Kingdom need to confirm that there are no statutory and control restrictions in their own jurisdictions that might impact on the unrestricted right of access to information that SAMA has under the Outsourcing Rules and the Banking Control Law.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Outsourcing contracts need to provide for the possibility of renewal, renegotiation, and termination of the contract, and early exit so that the bank can retain control over the subject services if it is necessary in the circumstances.</p>\r\n\r\n<h3 dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Business continuity</h3>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Outsourcing has the potential to cause interruptions or outages to banking services. Business continuity is very important for banks, particularly in terms of continuity of information technology services. The Outsourcing Rules require banks to have a plan in place to ensure business continuity if the outsourced service is disrupted. This can either be a plan for the bank to perform the function itself, or to have an alternate service provider ready to undertake the services on short notice. The Outsourcing Rules place an obligation on banks to inform SAMA of problems or disruptions that arise due to outsourcing arrangements.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">In line with SAMA’s Business Continuity Management Framework (issued in 2017), banks need to have a business continuity strategy, and a business line responsible for implementing, monitoring and evaluating the strategy. An information technology disaster recovery plan is required as a key component of business continuity; it applies whether or not information technology services are outsourced. The Business Continuity Management Framework outlines how to develop and implement a business continuity strategy in more detail.</p>\r\n\r\n<h3 dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Cyber security considerations</h3>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">The SAMA Cyber Security Framework (issued in 2017, and discussed in a separate Law Update article) acknowledges that banks will need to engage with third party service providers (including information technology services providers, cloud computing service providers, technology vendors and governmental agencies) in order to deliver their services. If such engagements do not respect the types of cyber security mechanisms that the banks have implemented, then they could result in cyber security risks. With this in mind, the Cyber Security Framework introduces expectations with regard to cyber security and the engagement of third parties. These can be broadly categorised as contract and vendor management considerations, outsourcing considerations and cloud computing considerations. It is essential that the cyber security obligations applying to banks pursuant to their implementation of SAMA’s Cyber Security Framework are addressed when considering outsourcing arrangements, and when preparing associated outsourcing contracts.</p>\r\n\r\n<h3 dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Conclusion</h3>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Banks operating in Saudi Arabia need to be aware of the Outsourcing Rules. This is to ensure that they remain compliant from a regulatory perspective, but also to ensure that the outsourcing of certain business operations does not result in damage to their customers, or to their own operation, reputations and profitability.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">The risks are greater when banks outsource their core functions, and SAMA’s Outsourcing Rules imposes greater obligations and restrictions on that type of outsourcing as a result.</p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<em>Al Tamimi &amp; Company’s <a href=\"https://www.tamimi.com/practice/technology-media-telecommunications/\">Technology, Media &amp; Telecommunications</a> team regularly advises on issues relating to technology contracting in the financial services sector. For further information please contact <a href=\"https://www.tamimi.com/lawyer/nick-oconnell/\">Nick O’Connell</a>, Partner (<a href=\"mailto:n.oconnell@tamimi.com\">n.oconnell@tamimi.com</a>) or <a href=\"https://www.tamimi.com/lawyer/amy-land-pejoska/\">Amy Land-Pejoska</a>, Associate (<a href=\"mailto:a.pejoska@tamimi.com\">a.pejoska@tamimi.com</a>).</em>'),
(294435, 28240, 'MetaValueOld', '<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">There have been significant changes in technology and regulation since 2008, when the Saudi Arabian Monetary Authority (SAMA) issued Circular No. 424 B.C.S / 34720 – the SAMA Rules of Outsourcing Processes. In this article, we summarise key aspects of the \"Outsourcing Rules\" with a focus on the outsourcing of information technology services.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Outsourcing is a business practice in which a business engages external service providers to perform certain business functions, instead of having those functions performed by its own personnel. The increasing complexity of the outsourcing arrangements adopted by banks, and the potential harm to consumers from offshoring arrangements out of reach of regulators, led to a 2005 report by the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision. The report contained recommendations about tightening the way in which banks outsourced their activities. SAMA subsequently issued the Outsourcing Rules in 2008.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">The stated objective of the Outsourcing Rules is to provide guidance to banks on how to arrange outsourcing, while remaining compliant with the obligations under their banking licences. The Outsourcing Rules apply to branches of foreign banks in the Kingdom, as well as to domestic banks licensed under the Banking Control Law issued under Royal Decree No. M/5 dated 22/2/1386H (12 June 1966).</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Engaging third party service providers can enable banks to reduce costs and obtain other efficiencies, but it may also expose banks to a variety of risks. These can include operational and reputational risks, such as when service providers fail in their performance, when security or confidentiality breaches result, or where the service providers’ actions otherwise result in banks failing to comply with statutory or regulatory obligations. Additionally, the whole banking sector could be at risk if a common service provider to a number of banks fails in its performance of the services entrusted to it.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\"></p>\r\n\r\n<h3 dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Outsourcing basic work and non-basic work</h3>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\"></p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">The Outsourcing Rules split those functions and tasks that can be outsourced into two main categories – ‘basic works’ and ‘non-basic works’. There are different considerations for outsourcing each of these categories of works, and there is a general prohibition (with some exceptions) on the outsourcing of works relating to customer data processing.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\"></p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\"><em>Basic Works</em></p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\"></p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Basic works refer broadly to the core tasks and responsibilities that banks have towards their customers. The operation of a bank’s information technology system is a prime example of basic works. Other examples include all customer-facing tasks (e.g. account opening, funds management, bank statements and transfers and payments), as well as human resources and marketing.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Banks are required to apply more rigour and diligence when outsourcing basic works, given the more serious consequences if the arrangement results in non-delivery of services. For that reason, the outsourcing of basic works is generally not permitted, unless the bank first obtains permission from SAMA. The Outsourcing Rules contain detailed requirements about what must be addressed in outsourcing contracts for basic works, and these are primarily aimed at reducing the potential harm that could result from outsourcing these core tasks and responsibilities.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\"></p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\"><em>Non-basic Works</em></p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\"></p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">In contrast, non-basic works include services that are common to many businesses, and where outsourcing does not pose serious risk to customers. Examples include cleaning, printing and postal functions. Non-basic works may be assigned to third party service providers without first obtaining confirmation of no objection from SAMA.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Traditionally, banks would assign many non-basic works to third party service providers as a matter of course, and this may not have been considered ‘outsourcing’. Despite this, there may be implications for the outsourcing of such works in the Outsourcing Rules, so agreements relating to such works still need to be reviewed for compliance.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\"></p>\r\n\r\n<h2 dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">\"The objective of the Outsourcing Rules is to provide guidance to banks on how to arrange outsourcing, while remaining compliant with the obligations under their banking licences.\"</h2>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\"></p>\r\n\r\n<h3 dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Risk evaluation and management</h3>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\"></p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">The Outsourcing Rules require senior management within banks to ensure that risks for existing and potential outsourcing agreements are considered and addressed. For the assignment of basic works, a thorough risk evaluation needs to be undertaken for all new contracts and contract renewals. For non-basic works, a thorough review is only required where there are substantive changes to the deliverables under an outsourcing arrangement.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Banks must properly investigate a service provider’s ability to undertake the contemplated services. Once a service provider is appointed, there is an obligation on the bank to monitor the service provider’s performance to ensure that the work is being done in accordance with the bank’s requirements.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\"></p>\r\n\r\n<h3 dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Outsourcing contracts</h3>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\"></p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">The Outsourcing Rules require banks to put in place comprehensive outsourcing contracts with service providers. These contracts need to address a variety of requirements, including scope of work, service levels and performance requirements, control and audit procedures, business continuity, pricing, confidentiality and privacy, information security, effects of breach and dispute resolution. The Outsourcing Rules indicate that it is preferable for governing law and jurisdiction of outsourcing contracts be that of Saudi Arabia.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">There is a requirement for outsourcing contracts to restrict service providers from sub-contracting any of the subject services without the prior consent of the banks, and subject to obtaining prior confirmation of no objection from SAMA.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Where customer data or financial statements are to be made available to a service provider in performance of outsourced services, it is necessary to ensure that the contractual arrangement reflects the confidentiality obligations set out in the Banking Control Law, and in other regulations and instructions that SAMA may have issued. It is also necessary to ensure that suitable measures are implemented to protect customer data and financial information in the course of performance of the outsourced services. These measures can include, for example, obligations requiring the adoption of isolation procedures restricting access to such information on a need-to-know basis, and obligations to have individuals involved in delivery of such services enter non-disclosure agreements.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Contracts for basic works need to make clear that SAMA has the right to obtain accounting documents and records relating to the assignment. Additionally, service providers located outside the Kingdom need to confirm that there are no statutory and control restrictions in their own jurisdictions that might impact on the unrestricted right of access to information that SAMA has under the Outsourcing Rules and the Banking Control Law.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Outsourcing contracts need to provide for the possibility of renewal, renegotiation, and termination of the contract, and early exit so that the bank can retain control over the subject services if it is necessary in the circumstances.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\"></p>\r\n\r\n<h3 dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Business continuity</h3>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\"></p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Outsourcing has the potential to cause interruptions or outages to banking services. Business continuity is very important for banks, particularly in terms of continuity of information technology services. The Outsourcing Rules require banks to have a plan in place to ensure business continuity if the outsourced service is disrupted. This can either be a plan for the bank to perform the function itself, or to have an alternate service provider ready to undertake the services on short notice. The Outsourcing Rules place an obligation on banks to inform SAMA of problems or disruptions that arise due to outsourcing arrangements.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">In line with SAMA’s Business Continuity Management Framework (issued in 2017), banks need to have a business continuity strategy, and a business line responsible for implementing, monitoring and evaluating the strategy. An information technology disaster recovery plan is required as a key component of business continuity; it applies whether or not information technology services are outsourced. The Business Continuity Management Framework outlines how to develop and implement a business continuity strategy in more detail.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\"></p>\r\n\r\n<h3 dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Cyber security considerations</h3>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\"></p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">The SAMA Cyber Security Framework (issued in 2017, and discussed in a separate Law Update article) acknowledges that banks will need to engage with third party service providers (including information technology services providers, cloud computing service providers, technology vendors and governmental agencies) in order to deliver their services. If such engagements do not respect the types of cyber security mechanisms that the banks have implemented, then they could result in cyber security risks. With this in mind, the Cyber Security Framework introduces expectations with regard to cyber security and the engagement of third parties. These can be broadly categorised as contract and vendor management considerations, outsourcing considerations and cloud computing considerations. It is essential that the cyber security obligations applying to banks pursuant to their implementation of SAMA’s Cyber Security Framework are addressed when considering outsourcing arrangements, and when preparing associated outsourcing contracts.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\"></p>\r\n\r\n<h3 dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Conclusion</h3>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\"></p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Banks operating in Saudi Arabia need to be aware of the Outsourcing Rules. This is to ensure that they remain compliant from a regulatory perspective, but also to ensure that the outsourcing of certain business operations does not result in damage to their customers, or to their own operation, reputations and profitability.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">The risks are greater when banks outsource their core functions, and SAMA’s Outsourcing Rules imposes greater obligations and restrictions on that type of outsourcing as a result.</p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<em>Al Tamimi &amp; Company’s <a href=\"https://www.tamimi.com/practice/technology-media-telecommunications/\">Technology, Media &amp; Telecommunications</a> team regularly advises on issues relating to technology contracting in the financial services sector. For further information please contact <a href=\"https://www.tamimi.com/lawyer/nick-oconnell/\">Nick O’Connell</a>, Partner (<a href=\"mailto:n.oconnell@tamimi.com\">n.oconnell@tamimi.com</a>) or <a href=\"https://www.tamimi.com/lawyer/amy-land-pejoska/\">Amy Land-Pejoska</a>, Associate (<a href=\"mailto:a.pejoska@tamimi.com\">a.pejoska@tamimi.com</a>).</em>'),
(294436, 28240, 'MetaLink', 'content'),
(294437, 28240, 'EditorLinkPost', 'https://www.tamimi.com/wp-admin/post.php?post=8206&amp;action=edit');
INSERT INTO `tm_wsal_metadata` (`id`, `occurrence_id`, `name`, `value`) VALUES
(294438, 28240, 'ReportText', '<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">There have been significant changes in technology and regulation since 2008, when the Saudi Arabian Monetary Authority (SAMA) issued Circular No. 424 B.C.S / 34720 – the SAMA Rules of Outsourcing Processes. In this article, we summarise key aspects of the \"Outsourcing Rules\" with a focus on the outsourcing of information technology services.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Outsourcing is a business practice in which a business engages external service providers to perform certain business functions, instead of having those functions performed by its own personnel. The increasing complexity of the outsourcing arrangements adopted by banks, and the potential harm to consumers from offshoring arrangements out of reach of regulators, led to a 2005 report by the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision. The report contained recommendations about tightening the way in which banks outsourced their activities. SAMA subsequently issued the Outsourcing Rules in 2008.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">The stated objective of the Outsourcing Rules is to provide guidance to banks on how to arrange outsourcing, while remaining compliant with the obligations under their banking licences. The Outsourcing Rules apply to branches of foreign banks in the Kingdom, as well as to domestic banks licensed under the Banking Control Law issued under Royal Decree No. M/5 dated 22/2/1386H (12 June 1966).</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Engaging third party service providers can enable banks to reduce costs and obtain other efficiencies, but it may also expose banks to a variety of risks. These can include operational and reputational risks, such as when service providers fail in their performance, when security or confidentiality breaches result, or where the service providers’ actions otherwise result in banks failing to comply with statutory or regulatory obligations. Additionally, the whole banking sector could be at risk if a common service provider to a number of banks fails in its performance of the services entrusted to it.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\"></p>\r\n\r\n<h3 dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Outsourcing basic work and non-basic work</h3>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\"></p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">The Outsourcing Rules split those functions and tasks that can be outsourced into two main categories – ‘basic works’ and ‘non-basic works’. There are different considerations for outsourcing each of these categories of works, and there is a general prohibition (with some exceptions) on the outsourcing of works relating to customer data processing.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\"></p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\"><em>Basic Works</em></p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\"></p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Basic works refer broadly to the core tasks and responsibilities that banks have towards their customers. The operation of a bank’s information technology system is a prime example of basic works. Other examples include all customer-facing tasks (e.g. account opening, funds management, bank statements and transfers and payments), as well as human resources and marketing.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Banks are required to apply more rigour and diligence when outsourcing basic works, given the more serious consequences if the arrangement results in non-delivery of services. For that reason, the outsourcing of basic works is generally not permitted, unless the bank first obtains permission from SAMA. The Outsourcing Rules contain detailed requirements about what must be addressed in outsourcing contracts for basic works, and these are primarily aimed at reducing the potential harm that could result from outsourcing these core tasks and responsibilities.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\"></p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\"><em>Non-basic Works</em></p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\"></p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">In contrast, non-basic works include services that are common to many businesses, and where outsourcing does not pose serious risk to customers. Examples include cleaning, printing and postal functions. Non-basic works may be assigned to third party service providers without first obtaining confirmation of no objection from SAMA.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Traditionally, banks would assign many non-basic works to third party service providers as a matter of course, and this may not have been considered ‘outsourcing’. Despite this, there may be implications for the outsourcing of such works in the Outsourcing Rules, so agreements relating to such works still need to be reviewed for compliance.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\"></p>\r\n\r\n<h2 dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">\"The objective of the Outsourcing Rules is to provide guidance to banks on how to arrange outsourcing, while remaining compliant with the obligations under their banking licences.\"</h2>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\"></p>\r\n\r\n<h3 dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Risk evaluation and management</h3>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\"></p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">The Outsourcing Rules require senior management within banks to ensure that risks for existing and potential outsourcing agreements are considered and addressed. For the assignment of basic works, a thorough risk evaluation needs to be undertaken for all new contracts and contract renewals. For non-basic works, a thorough review is only required where there are substantive changes to the deliverables under an outsourcing arrangement.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Banks must properly investigate a service provider’s ability to undertake the contemplated services. Once a service provider is appointed, there is an obligation on the bank to monitor the service provider’s performance to ensure that the work is being done in accordance with the bank’s requirements.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\"></p>\r\n\r\n<h3 dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Outsourcing contracts</h3>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\"></p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">The Outsourcing Rules require banks to put in place comprehensive outsourcing contracts with service providers. These contracts need to address a variety of requirements, including scope of work, service levels and performance requirements, control and audit procedures, business continuity, pricing, confidentiality and privacy, information security, effects of breach and dispute resolution. The Outsourcing Rules indicate that it is preferable for governing law and jurisdiction of outsourcing contracts be that of Saudi Arabia.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">There is a requirement for outsourcing contracts to restrict service providers from sub-contracting any of the subject services without the prior consent of the banks, and subject to obtaining prior confirmation of no objection from SAMA.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Where customer data or financial statements are to be made available to a service provider in performance of outsourced services, it is necessary to ensure that the contractual arrangement reflects the confidentiality obligations set out in the Banking Control Law, and in other regulations and instructions that SAMA may have issued. It is also necessary to ensure that suitable measures are implemented to protect customer data and financial information in the course of performance of the outsourced services. These measures can include, for example, obligations requiring the adoption of isolation procedures restricting access to such information on a need-to-know basis, and obligations to have individuals involved in delivery of such services enter non-disclosure agreements.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Contracts for basic works need to make clear that SAMA has the right to obtain accounting documents and records relating to the assignment. Additionally, service providers located outside the Kingdom need to confirm that there are no statutory and control restrictions in their own jurisdictions that might impact on the unrestricted right of access to information that SAMA has under the Outsourcing Rules and the Banking Control Law.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Outsourcing contracts need to provide for the possibility of renewal, renegotiation, and termination of the contract, and early exit so that the bank can retain control over the subject services if it is necessary in the circumstances.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\"></p>\r\n\r\n<h3 dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Business continuity</h3>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\"></p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Outsourcing has the potential to cause interruptions or outages to banking services. Business continuity is very important for banks, particularly in terms of continuity of information technology services. The Outsourcing Rules require banks to have a plan in place to ensure business continuity if the outsourced service is disrupted. This can either be a plan for the bank to perform the function itself, or to have an alternate service provider ready to undertake the services on short notice. The Outsourcing Rules place an obligation on banks to inform SAMA of problems or disruptions that arise due to outsourcing arrangements.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">In line with SAMA’s Business Continuity Management Framework (issued in 2017), banks need to have a business continuity strategy, and a business line responsible for implementing, monitoring and evaluating the strategy. An information technology disaster recovery plan is required as a key component of business continuity; it applies whether or not information technology services are outsourced. The Business Continuity Management Framework outlines how to develop and implement a business continuity strategy in more detail.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\"></p>\r\n\r\n<h3 dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Cyber security considerations</h3>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\"></p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">The SAMA Cyber Security Framework (issued in 2017, and discussed in a separate Law Update article) acknowledges that banks will need to engage with third party service providers (including information technology services providers, cloud computing service providers, technology vendors and governmental agencies) in order to deliver their services. If such engagements do not respect the types of cyber security mechanisms that the banks have implemented, then they could result in cyber security risks. With this in mind, the Cyber Security Framework introduces expectations with regard to cyber security and the engagement of third parties. These can be broadly categorised as contract and vendor management considerations, outsourcing considerations and cloud computing considerations. It is essential that the cyber security obligations applying to banks pursuant to their implementation of SAMA’s Cyber Security Framework are addressed when considering outsourcing arrangements, and when preparing associated outsourcing contracts.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\"></p>\r\n\r\n<h3 dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Conclusion</h3>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\"></p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Banks operating in Saudi Arabia need to be aware of the Outsourcing Rules. This is to ensure that they remain compliant from a regulatory perspective, but also to ensure that the outsourcing of certain business operations does not result in damage to their customers, or to their own operation, reputations and profitability.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">The risks are greater when banks outsource their core functions, and SAMA’s Outsourcing Rules imposes greater obligations and restrictions on that type of outsourcing as a result.</p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<em>Al Tamimi &amp; Company’s <a href=\"https://www.tamimi.com/practice/technology-media-telecommunications/\">Technology, Media &amp; Telecommunications</a> team regularly advises on issues relating to technology contracting in the financial services sector. For further information please contact <a href=\"https://www.tamimi.com/lawyer/nick-oconnell/\">Nick O’Connell</a>, Partner (<a href=\"mailto:n.oconnell@tamimi.com\">n.oconnell@tamimi.com</a>) or <a href=\"https://www.tamimi.com/lawyer/amy-land-pejoska/\">Amy Land-Pejoska</a>, Associate (<a href=\"mailto:a.pejoska@tamimi.com\">a.pejoska@tamimi.com</a>).</em>|<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">There have been significant changes in technology and regulation since 2008, when the Saudi Arabian Monetary Authority (SAMA) issued Circular No. 424 B.C.S / 34720 – the SAMA Rules of Outsourcing Processes. In this article, we summarise key aspects of the \"Outsourcing Rules\" with a focus on the outsourcing of information technology services.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Outsourcing is a business practice in which a business engages external service providers to perform certain business functions, instead of having those functions performed by its own personnel. The increasing complexity of the outsourcing arrangements adopted by banks, and the potential harm to consumers from offshoring arrangements out of reach of regulators, led to a 2005 report by the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision. The report contained recommendations about tightening the way in which banks outsourced their activities. SAMA subsequently issued the Outsourcing Rules in 2008.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">The stated objective of the Outsourcing Rules is to provide guidance to banks on how to arrange outsourcing, while remaining compliant with the obligations under their banking licences. The Outsourcing Rules apply to branches of foreign banks in the Kingdom, as well as to domestic banks licensed under the Banking Control Law issued under Royal Decree No. M/5 dated 22/2/1386H (12 June 1966).</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Engaging third party service providers can enable banks to reduce costs and obtain other efficiencies, but it may also expose banks to a variety of risks. These can include operational and reputational risks, such as when service providers fail in their performance, when security or confidentiality breaches result, or where the service providers’ actions otherwise result in banks failing to comply with statutory or regulatory obligations. Additionally, the whole banking sector could be at risk if a common service provider to a number of banks fails in its performance of the services entrusted to it.</p>\r\n\r\n<h3 dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Outsourcing basic work and non-basic work</h3>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">The Outsourcing Rules split those functions and tasks that can be outsourced into two main categories – ‘basic works’ and ‘non-basic works’. There are different considerations for outsourcing each of these categories of works, and there is a general prohibition (with some exceptions) on the outsourcing of works relating to customer data processing.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\"><em>Basic Works</em></p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Basic works refer broadly to the core tasks and responsibilities that banks have towards their customers. The operation of a bank’s information technology system is a prime example of basic works. Other examples include all customer-facing tasks (e.g. account opening, funds management, bank statements and transfers and payments), as well as human resources and marketing.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Banks are required to apply more rigour and diligence when outsourcing basic works, given the more serious consequences if the arrangement results in non-delivery of services. For that reason, the outsourcing of basic works is generally not permitted, unless the bank first obtains permission from SAMA. The Outsourcing Rules contain detailed requirements about what must be addressed in outsourcing contracts for basic works, and these are primarily aimed at reducing the potential harm that could result from outsourcing these core tasks and responsibilities.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\"><em>Non-basic Works</em></p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">In contrast, non-basic works include services that are common to many businesses, and where outsourcing does not pose serious risk to customers. Examples include cleaning, printing and postal functions. Non-basic works may be assigned to third party service providers without first obtaining confirmation of no objection from SAMA.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Traditionally, banks would assign many non-basic works to third party service providers as a matter of course, and this may not have been considered ‘outsourcing’. Despite this, there may be implications for the outsourcing of such works in the Outsourcing Rules, so agreements relating to such works still need to be reviewed for compliance.</p>\r\n\r\n<h2 dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">\"The objective of the Outsourcing Rules is to provide guidance to banks on how to arrange outsourcing, while remaining compliant with the obligations under their banking licences.\"</h2>\r\n<h3 dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Risk evaluation and management</h3>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">The Outsourcing Rules require senior management within banks to ensure that risks for existing and potential outsourcing agreements are considered and addressed. For the assignment of basic works, a thorough risk evaluation needs to be undertaken for all new contracts and contract renewals. For non-basic works, a thorough review is only required where there are substantive changes to the deliverables under an outsourcing arrangement.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Banks must properly investigate a service provider’s ability to undertake the contemplated services. Once a service provider is appointed, there is an obligation on the bank to monitor the service provider’s performance to ensure that the work is being done in accordance with the bank’s requirements.</p>\r\n\r\n<h3 dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Outsourcing contracts</h3>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">The Outsourcing Rules require banks to put in place comprehensive outsourcing contracts with service providers. These contracts need to address a variety of requirements, including scope of work, service levels and performance requirements, control and audit procedures, business continuity, pricing, confidentiality and privacy, information security, effects of breach and dispute resolution. The Outsourcing Rules indicate that it is preferable for governing law and jurisdiction of outsourcing contracts be that of Saudi Arabia.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">There is a requirement for outsourcing contracts to restrict service providers from sub-contracting any of the subject services without the prior consent of the banks, and subject to obtaining prior confirmation of no objection from SAMA.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Where customer data or financial statements are to be made available to a service provider in performance of outsourced services, it is necessary to ensure that the contractual arrangement reflects the confidentiality obligations set out in the Banking Control Law, and in other regulations and instructions that SAMA may have issued. It is also necessary to ensure that suitable measures are implemented to protect customer data and financial information in the course of performance of the outsourced services. These measures can include, for example, obligations requiring the adoption of isolation procedures restricting access to such information on a need-to-know basis, and obligations to have individuals involved in delivery of such services enter non-disclosure agreements.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Contracts for basic works need to make clear that SAMA has the right to obtain accounting documents and records relating to the assignment. Additionally, service providers located outside the Kingdom need to confirm that there are no statutory and control restrictions in their own jurisdictions that might impact on the unrestricted right of access to information that SAMA has under the Outsourcing Rules and the Banking Control Law.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Outsourcing contracts need to provide for the possibility of renewal, renegotiation, and termination of the contract, and early exit so that the bank can retain control over the subject services if it is necessary in the circumstances.</p>\r\n\r\n<h3 dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Business continuity</h3>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Outsourcing has the potential to cause interruptions or outages to banking services. Business continuity is very important for banks, particularly in terms of continuity of information technology services. The Outsourcing Rules require banks to have a plan in place to ensure business continuity if the outsourced service is disrupted. This can either be a plan for the bank to perform the function itself, or to have an alternate service provider ready to undertake the services on short notice. The Outsourcing Rules place an obligation on banks to inform SAMA of problems or disruptions that arise due to outsourcing arrangements.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">In line with SAMA’s Business Continuity Management Framework (issued in 2017), banks need to have a business continuity strategy, and a business line responsible for implementing, monitoring and evaluating the strategy. An information technology disaster recovery plan is required as a key component of business continuity; it applies whether or not information technology services are outsourced. The Business Continuity Management Framework outlines how to develop and implement a business continuity strategy in more detail.</p>\r\n\r\n<h3 dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Cyber security considerations</h3>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">The SAMA Cyber Security Framework (issued in 2017, and discussed in a separate Law Update article) acknowledges that banks will need to engage with third party service providers (including information technology services providers, cloud computing service providers, technology vendors and governmental agencies) in order to deliver their services. If such engagements do not respect the types of cyber security mechanisms that the banks have implemented, then they could result in cyber security risks. With this in mind, the Cyber Security Framework introduces expectations with regard to cyber security and the engagement of third parties. These can be broadly categorised as contract and vendor management considerations, outsourcing considerations and cloud computing considerations. It is essential that the cyber security obligations applying to banks pursuant to their implementation of SAMA’s Cyber Security Framework are addressed when considering outsourcing arrangements, and when preparing associated outsourcing contracts.</p>\r\n\r\n<h3 dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Conclusion</h3>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Banks operating in Saudi Arabia need to be aware of the Outsourcing Rules. This is to ensure that they remain compliant from a regulatory perspective, but also to ensure that the outsourcing of certain business operations does not result in damage to their customers, or to their own operation, reputations and profitability.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">The risks are greater when banks outsource their core functions, and SAMA’s Outsourcing Rules imposes greater obligations and restrictions on that type of outsourcing as a result.</p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<em>Al Tamimi &amp; Company’s <a href=\"https://www.tamimi.com/practice/technology-media-telecommunications/\">Technology, Media &amp; Telecommunications</a> team regularly advises on issues relating to technology contracting in the financial services sector. For further information please contact <a href=\"https://www.tamimi.com/lawyer/nick-oconnell/\">Nick O’Connell</a>, Partner (<a href=\"mailto:n.oconnell@tamimi.com\">n.oconnell@tamimi.com</a>) or <a href=\"https://www.tamimi.com/lawyer/amy-land-pejoska/\">Amy Land-Pejoska</a>, Associate (<a href=\"mailto:a.pejoska@tamimi.com\">a.pejoska@tamimi.com</a>).</em>'),
(294439, 28240, 'ClientIP', '83.111.236.141'),
(294440, 28240, 'UserAgent', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Trident/7.0; rv:11.0) like Gecko'),
(294441, 28240, 'CurrentUserID', '5'),
(294442, 28240, 'CurrentUserRoles', 'a:2:{i:0;s:13:\"administrator\";i:1;s:10:\"superadmin\";}'),
(294443, 28240, 'SessionID', 'ab7607e949cab980d021cb9002200b49f24a7441bf6132c6da8ae65d9e9a9d87'),
(294444, 28241, 'PostID', '8206'),
(294445, 28241, 'PostType', 'law_update_articles'),
(294446, 28241, 'PostTitle', 'Technology outsourcing in the Saudi financial services sector: The SAMA Outsourcing Rules'),
(294447, 28241, 'PostStatus', 'draft'),
(294448, 28241, 'PostDate', '2018-09-02 19:12:13'),
(294449, 28241, 'PostUrl', 'https://www.tamimi.com/?post_type=law_update_articles&p=8206'),
(294450, 28241, 'EditorLinkPost', 'https://www.tamimi.com/wp-admin/post.php?post=8206&amp;action=edit'),
(294451, 28241, 'ClientIP', '83.111.236.141'),
(294452, 28241, 'UserAgent', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Trident/7.0; rv:11.0) like Gecko'),
(294453, 28241, 'CurrentUserID', '5'),
(294454, 28241, 'CurrentUserRoles', 'a:2:{i:0;s:13:\"administrator\";i:1;s:10:\"superadmin\";}'),
(294455, 28241, 'SessionID', 'ab7607e949cab980d021cb9002200b49f24a7441bf6132c6da8ae65d9e9a9d87'),
(294456, 28242, 'PostID', '8206'),
(294457, 28242, 'PostType', 'law_update_articles'),
(294458, 28242, 'PostTitle', 'Technology outsourcing in the Saudi financial services sector: The SAMA Outsourcing Rules'),
(294459, 28242, 'PostStatus', 'draft'),
(294460, 28242, 'PostDate', '2018-09-02 19:12:10'),
(294461, 28242, 'PostUrl', 'https://www.tamimi.com/?post_type=law_update_articles&p=8206'),
(294462, 28242, 'EditorLinkPost', 'https://www.tamimi.com/wp-admin/post.php?post=8206&amp;action=edit'),
(294463, 28242, 'ClientIP', '83.111.236.141'),
(294464, 28242, 'UserAgent', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Trident/7.0; rv:11.0) like Gecko'),
(294465, 28242, 'CurrentUserID', '5'),
(294466, 28242, 'CurrentUserRoles', 'a:2:{i:0;s:13:\"administrator\";i:1;s:10:\"superadmin\";}'),
(294467, 28242, 'SessionID', 'ab7607e949cab980d021cb9002200b49f24a7441bf6132c6da8ae65d9e9a9d87'),
(294468, 28243, 'PostID', '8206'),
(294469, 28243, 'PostTitle', 'Technology outsourcing in the Saudi financial services sector: The SAMA Outsourcing Rules'),
(294470, 28243, 'PostStatus', 'draft'),
(294471, 28243, 'PostType', 'law_update_articles'),
(294472, 28243, 'PostDate', '2018-09-02 19:14:01'),
(294473, 28243, 'PostUrl', 'https://www.tamimi.com/?post_type=law_update_articles&p=8206'),
(294474, 28243, 'MetaID', '227216'),
(294475, 28243, 'MetaKey', 'content'),
(294476, 28243, 'MetaValueNew', '<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">There have been significant changes in technology and regulation since 2008, when the Saudi Arabian Monetary Authority (SAMA) issued Circular No. 424 B.C.S / 34720 – the SAMA Rules of Outsourcing Processes. In this article, we summarise key aspects of the \"Outsourcing Rules\" with a focus on the outsourcing of information technology services.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Outsourcing is a business practice in which a business engages external service providers to perform certain business functions, instead of having those functions performed by its own personnel. The increasing complexity of the outsourcing arrangements adopted by banks, and the potential harm to consumers from offshoring arrangements out of reach of regulators, led to a 2005 report by the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision. The report contained recommendations about tightening the way in which banks outsourced their activities. SAMA subsequently issued the Outsourcing Rules in 2008.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">The stated objective of the Outsourcing Rules is to provide guidance to banks on how to arrange outsourcing, while remaining compliant with the obligations under their banking licences. The Outsourcing Rules apply to branches of foreign banks in the Kingdom, as well as to domestic banks licensed under the Banking Control Law issued under Royal Decree No. M/5 dated 22/2/1386H (12 June 1966).</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Engaging third party service providers can enable banks to reduce costs and obtain other efficiencies, but it may also expose banks to a variety of risks. These can include operational and reputational risks, such as when service providers fail in their performance, when security or confidentiality breaches result, or where the service providers’ actions otherwise result in banks failing to comply with statutory or regulatory obligations. Additionally, the whole banking sector could be at risk if a common service provider to a number of banks fails in its performance of the services entrusted to it.</p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h3 dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Outsourcing basic work and non-basic work</h3>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">The Outsourcing Rules split those functions and tasks that can be outsourced into two main categories – ‘basic works’ and ‘non-basic works’. There are different considerations for outsourcing each of these categories of works, and there is a general prohibition (with some exceptions) on the outsourcing of works relating to customer data processing.</p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\"><em>Basic Works</em></p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Basic works refer broadly to the core tasks and responsibilities that banks have towards their customers. The operation of a bank’s information technology system is a prime example of basic works. Other examples include all customer-facing tasks (e.g. account opening, funds management, bank statements and transfers and payments), as well as human resources and marketing.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Banks are required to apply more rigour and diligence when outsourcing basic works, given the more serious consequences if the arrangement results in non-delivery of services. For that reason, the outsourcing of basic works is generally not permitted, unless the bank first obtains permission from SAMA. The Outsourcing Rules contain detailed requirements about what must be addressed in outsourcing contracts for basic works, and these are primarily aimed at reducing the potential harm that could result from outsourcing these core tasks and responsibilities.</p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\"><em>Non-basic Works</em></p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">In contrast, non-basic works include services that are common to many businesses, and where outsourcing does not pose serious risk to customers. Examples include cleaning, printing and postal functions. Non-basic works may be assigned to third party service providers without first obtaining confirmation of no objection from SAMA.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Traditionally, banks would assign many non-basic works to third party service providers as a matter of course, and this may not have been considered ‘outsourcing’. Despite this, there may be implications for the outsourcing of such works in the Outsourcing Rules, so agreements relating to such works still need to be reviewed for compliance.</p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h2 dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">\"The objective of the Outsourcing Rules is to provide guidance to banks on how to arrange outsourcing, while remaining compliant with the obligations under their banking licences.\"</h2>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h3 dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Risk evaluation and management</h3>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">The Outsourcing Rules require senior management within banks to ensure that risks for existing and potential outsourcing agreements are considered and addressed. For the assignment of basic works, a thorough risk evaluation needs to be undertaken for all new contracts and contract renewals. For non-basic works, a thorough review is only required where there are substantive changes to the deliverables under an outsourcing arrangement.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Banks must properly investigate a service provider’s ability to undertake the contemplated services. Once a service provider is appointed, there is an obligation on the bank to monitor the service provider’s performance to ensure that the work is being done in accordance with the bank’s requirements.</p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h3 dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Outsourcing contracts</h3>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">The Outsourcing Rules require banks to put in place comprehensive outsourcing contracts with service providers. These contracts need to address a variety of requirements, including scope of work, service levels and performance requirements, control and audit procedures, business continuity, pricing, confidentiality and privacy, information security, effects of breach and dispute resolution. The Outsourcing Rules indicate that it is preferable for governing law and jurisdiction of outsourcing contracts be that of Saudi Arabia.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">There is a requirement for outsourcing contracts to restrict service providers from sub-contracting any of the subject services without the prior consent of the banks, and subject to obtaining prior confirmation of no objection from SAMA.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Where customer data or financial statements are to be made available to a service provider in performance of outsourced services, it is necessary to ensure that the contractual arrangement reflects the confidentiality obligations set out in the Banking Control Law, and in other regulations and instructions that SAMA may have issued. It is also necessary to ensure that suitable measures are implemented to protect customer data and financial information in the course of performance of the outsourced services. These measures can include, for example, obligations requiring the adoption of isolation procedures restricting access to such information on a need-to-know basis, and obligations to have individuals involved in delivery of such services enter non-disclosure agreements.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Contracts for basic works need to make clear that SAMA has the right to obtain accounting documents and records relating to the assignment. Additionally, service providers located outside the Kingdom need to confirm that there are no statutory and control restrictions in their own jurisdictions that might impact on the unrestricted right of access to information that SAMA has under the Outsourcing Rules and the Banking Control Law.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Outsourcing contracts need to provide for the possibility of renewal, renegotiation, and termination of the contract, and early exit so that the bank can retain control over the subject services if it is necessary in the circumstances.</p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h3 dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Business continuity</h3>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Outsourcing has the potential to cause interruptions or outages to banking services. Business continuity is very important for banks, particularly in terms of continuity of information technology services. The Outsourcing Rules require banks to have a plan in place to ensure business continuity if the outsourced service is disrupted. This can either be a plan for the bank to perform the function itself, or to have an alternate service provider ready to undertake the services on short notice. The Outsourcing Rules place an obligation on banks to inform SAMA of problems or disruptions that arise due to outsourcing arrangements.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">In line with SAMA’s Business Continuity Management Framework (issued in 2017), banks need to have a business continuity strategy, and a business line responsible for implementing, monitoring and evaluating the strategy. An information technology disaster recovery plan is required as a key component of business continuity; it applies whether or not information technology services are outsourced. The Business Continuity Management Framework outlines how to develop and implement a business continuity strategy in more detail.</p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h3 dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Cyber security considerations</h3>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">The SAMA Cyber Security Framework (issued in 2017, and discussed in a separate Law Update article) acknowledges that banks will need to engage with third party service providers (including information technology services providers, cloud computing service providers, technology vendors and governmental agencies) in order to deliver their services. If such engagements do not respect the types of cyber security mechanisms that the banks have implemented, then they could result in cyber security risks. With this in mind, the Cyber Security Framework introduces expectations with regard to cyber security and the engagement of third parties. These can be broadly categorised as contract and vendor management considerations, outsourcing considerations and cloud computing considerations. It is essential that the cyber security obligations applying to banks pursuant to their implementation of SAMA’s Cyber Security Framework are addressed when considering outsourcing arrangements, and when preparing associated outsourcing contracts.</p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h3 dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Conclusion</h3>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Banks operating in Saudi Arabia need to be aware of the Outsourcing Rules. This is to ensure that they remain compliant from a regulatory perspective, but also to ensure that the outsourcing of certain business operations does not result in damage to their customers, or to their own operation, reputations and profitability.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">The risks are greater when banks outsource their core functions, and SAMA’s Outsourcing Rules imposes greater obligations and restrictions on that type of outsourcing as a result.</p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<em>Al Tamimi &amp; Company’s <a href=\"https://www.tamimi.com/practice/technology-media-telecommunications/\">Technology, Media &amp; Telecommunications</a> team regularly advises on issues relating to technology contracting in the financial services sector. For further information please contact <a href=\"https://www.tamimi.com/lawyer/nick-oconnell/\">Nick O’Connell</a>, Partner (<a href=\"mailto:n.oconnell@tamimi.com\">n.oconnell@tamimi.com</a>) or <a href=\"https://www.tamimi.com/lawyer/amy-land-pejoska/\">Amy Land-Pejoska</a>, Associate (<a href=\"mailto:a.pejoska@tamimi.com\">a.pejoska@tamimi.com</a>).</em>');
INSERT INTO `tm_wsal_metadata` (`id`, `occurrence_id`, `name`, `value`) VALUES
(294477, 28243, 'MetaValueOld', '<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">There have been significant changes in technology and regulation since 2008, when the Saudi Arabian Monetary Authority (SAMA) issued Circular No. 424 B.C.S / 34720 – the SAMA Rules of Outsourcing Processes. In this article, we summarise key aspects of the \"Outsourcing Rules\" with a focus on the outsourcing of information technology services.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Outsourcing is a business practice in which a business engages external service providers to perform certain business functions, instead of having those functions performed by its own personnel. The increasing complexity of the outsourcing arrangements adopted by banks, and the potential harm to consumers from offshoring arrangements out of reach of regulators, led to a 2005 report by the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision. The report contained recommendations about tightening the way in which banks outsourced their activities. SAMA subsequently issued the Outsourcing Rules in 2008.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">The stated objective of the Outsourcing Rules is to provide guidance to banks on how to arrange outsourcing, while remaining compliant with the obligations under their banking licences. The Outsourcing Rules apply to branches of foreign banks in the Kingdom, as well as to domestic banks licensed under the Banking Control Law issued under Royal Decree No. M/5 dated 22/2/1386H (12 June 1966).</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Engaging third party service providers can enable banks to reduce costs and obtain other efficiencies, but it may also expose banks to a variety of risks. These can include operational and reputational risks, such as when service providers fail in their performance, when security or confidentiality breaches result, or where the service providers’ actions otherwise result in banks failing to comply with statutory or regulatory obligations. Additionally, the whole banking sector could be at risk if a common service provider to a number of banks fails in its performance of the services entrusted to it.</p>\r\n\r\n<h3 dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Outsourcing basic work and non-basic work</h3>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">The Outsourcing Rules split those functions and tasks that can be outsourced into two main categories – ‘basic works’ and ‘non-basic works’. There are different considerations for outsourcing each of these categories of works, and there is a general prohibition (with some exceptions) on the outsourcing of works relating to customer data processing.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\"><em>Basic Works</em></p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Basic works refer broadly to the core tasks and responsibilities that banks have towards their customers. The operation of a bank’s information technology system is a prime example of basic works. Other examples include all customer-facing tasks (e.g. account opening, funds management, bank statements and transfers and payments), as well as human resources and marketing.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Banks are required to apply more rigour and diligence when outsourcing basic works, given the more serious consequences if the arrangement results in non-delivery of services. For that reason, the outsourcing of basic works is generally not permitted, unless the bank first obtains permission from SAMA. The Outsourcing Rules contain detailed requirements about what must be addressed in outsourcing contracts for basic works, and these are primarily aimed at reducing the potential harm that could result from outsourcing these core tasks and responsibilities.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\"><em>Non-basic Works</em></p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">In contrast, non-basic works include services that are common to many businesses, and where outsourcing does not pose serious risk to customers. Examples include cleaning, printing and postal functions. Non-basic works may be assigned to third party service providers without first obtaining confirmation of no objection from SAMA.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Traditionally, banks would assign many non-basic works to third party service providers as a matter of course, and this may not have been considered ‘outsourcing’. Despite this, there may be implications for the outsourcing of such works in the Outsourcing Rules, so agreements relating to such works still need to be reviewed for compliance.</p>\r\n\r\n<h2 dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">\"The objective of the Outsourcing Rules is to provide guidance to banks on how to arrange outsourcing, while remaining compliant with the obligations under their banking licences.\"</h2>\r\n<h3 dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Risk evaluation and management</h3>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">The Outsourcing Rules require senior management within banks to ensure that risks for existing and potential outsourcing agreements are considered and addressed. For the assignment of basic works, a thorough risk evaluation needs to be undertaken for all new contracts and contract renewals. For non-basic works, a thorough review is only required where there are substantive changes to the deliverables under an outsourcing arrangement.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Banks must properly investigate a service provider’s ability to undertake the contemplated services. Once a service provider is appointed, there is an obligation on the bank to monitor the service provider’s performance to ensure that the work is being done in accordance with the bank’s requirements.</p>\r\n\r\n<h3 dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Outsourcing contracts</h3>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">The Outsourcing Rules require banks to put in place comprehensive outsourcing contracts with service providers. These contracts need to address a variety of requirements, including scope of work, service levels and performance requirements, control and audit procedures, business continuity, pricing, confidentiality and privacy, information security, effects of breach and dispute resolution. The Outsourcing Rules indicate that it is preferable for governing law and jurisdiction of outsourcing contracts be that of Saudi Arabia.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">There is a requirement for outsourcing contracts to restrict service providers from sub-contracting any of the subject services without the prior consent of the banks, and subject to obtaining prior confirmation of no objection from SAMA.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Where customer data or financial statements are to be made available to a service provider in performance of outsourced services, it is necessary to ensure that the contractual arrangement reflects the confidentiality obligations set out in the Banking Control Law, and in other regulations and instructions that SAMA may have issued. It is also necessary to ensure that suitable measures are implemented to protect customer data and financial information in the course of performance of the outsourced services. These measures can include, for example, obligations requiring the adoption of isolation procedures restricting access to such information on a need-to-know basis, and obligations to have individuals involved in delivery of such services enter non-disclosure agreements.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Contracts for basic works need to make clear that SAMA has the right to obtain accounting documents and records relating to the assignment. Additionally, service providers located outside the Kingdom need to confirm that there are no statutory and control restrictions in their own jurisdictions that might impact on the unrestricted right of access to information that SAMA has under the Outsourcing Rules and the Banking Control Law.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Outsourcing contracts need to provide for the possibility of renewal, renegotiation, and termination of the contract, and early exit so that the bank can retain control over the subject services if it is necessary in the circumstances.</p>\r\n\r\n<h3 dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Business continuity</h3>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Outsourcing has the potential to cause interruptions or outages to banking services. Business continuity is very important for banks, particularly in terms of continuity of information technology services. The Outsourcing Rules require banks to have a plan in place to ensure business continuity if the outsourced service is disrupted. This can either be a plan for the bank to perform the function itself, or to have an alternate service provider ready to undertake the services on short notice. The Outsourcing Rules place an obligation on banks to inform SAMA of problems or disruptions that arise due to outsourcing arrangements.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">In line with SAMA’s Business Continuity Management Framework (issued in 2017), banks need to have a business continuity strategy, and a business line responsible for implementing, monitoring and evaluating the strategy. An information technology disaster recovery plan is required as a key component of business continuity; it applies whether or not information technology services are outsourced. The Business Continuity Management Framework outlines how to develop and implement a business continuity strategy in more detail.</p>\r\n\r\n<h3 dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Cyber security considerations</h3>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">The SAMA Cyber Security Framework (issued in 2017, and discussed in a separate Law Update article) acknowledges that banks will need to engage with third party service providers (including information technology services providers, cloud computing service providers, technology vendors and governmental agencies) in order to deliver their services. If such engagements do not respect the types of cyber security mechanisms that the banks have implemented, then they could result in cyber security risks. With this in mind, the Cyber Security Framework introduces expectations with regard to cyber security and the engagement of third parties. These can be broadly categorised as contract and vendor management considerations, outsourcing considerations and cloud computing considerations. It is essential that the cyber security obligations applying to banks pursuant to their implementation of SAMA’s Cyber Security Framework are addressed when considering outsourcing arrangements, and when preparing associated outsourcing contracts.</p>\r\n\r\n<h3 dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Conclusion</h3>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Banks operating in Saudi Arabia need to be aware of the Outsourcing Rules. This is to ensure that they remain compliant from a regulatory perspective, but also to ensure that the outsourcing of certain business operations does not result in damage to their customers, or to their own operation, reputations and profitability.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">The risks are greater when banks outsource their core functions, and SAMA’s Outsourcing Rules imposes greater obligations and restrictions on that type of outsourcing as a result.</p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<em>Al Tamimi &amp; Company’s <a href=\"https://www.tamimi.com/practice/technology-media-telecommunications/\">Technology, Media &amp; Telecommunications</a> team regularly advises on issues relating to technology contracting in the financial services sector. For further information please contact <a href=\"https://www.tamimi.com/lawyer/nick-oconnell/\">Nick O’Connell</a>, Partner (<a href=\"mailto:n.oconnell@tamimi.com\">n.oconnell@tamimi.com</a>) or <a href=\"https://www.tamimi.com/lawyer/amy-land-pejoska/\">Amy Land-Pejoska</a>, Associate (<a href=\"mailto:a.pejoska@tamimi.com\">a.pejoska@tamimi.com</a>).</em>'),
(294478, 28243, 'MetaLink', 'content'),
(294479, 28243, 'EditorLinkPost', 'https://www.tamimi.com/wp-admin/post.php?post=8206&amp;action=edit'),
(294480, 28243, 'ReportText', '<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">There have been significant changes in technology and regulation since 2008, when the Saudi Arabian Monetary Authority (SAMA) issued Circular No. 424 B.C.S / 34720 – the SAMA Rules of Outsourcing Processes. In this article, we summarise key aspects of the \"Outsourcing Rules\" with a focus on the outsourcing of information technology services.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Outsourcing is a business practice in which a business engages external service providers to perform certain business functions, instead of having those functions performed by its own personnel. The increasing complexity of the outsourcing arrangements adopted by banks, and the potential harm to consumers from offshoring arrangements out of reach of regulators, led to a 2005 report by the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision. The report contained recommendations about tightening the way in which banks outsourced their activities. SAMA subsequently issued the Outsourcing Rules in 2008.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">The stated objective of the Outsourcing Rules is to provide guidance to banks on how to arrange outsourcing, while remaining compliant with the obligations under their banking licences. The Outsourcing Rules apply to branches of foreign banks in the Kingdom, as well as to domestic banks licensed under the Banking Control Law issued under Royal Decree No. M/5 dated 22/2/1386H (12 June 1966).</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Engaging third party service providers can enable banks to reduce costs and obtain other efficiencies, but it may also expose banks to a variety of risks. These can include operational and reputational risks, such as when service providers fail in their performance, when security or confidentiality breaches result, or where the service providers’ actions otherwise result in banks failing to comply with statutory or regulatory obligations. Additionally, the whole banking sector could be at risk if a common service provider to a number of banks fails in its performance of the services entrusted to it.</p>\r\n\r\n<h3 dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Outsourcing basic work and non-basic work</h3>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">The Outsourcing Rules split those functions and tasks that can be outsourced into two main categories – ‘basic works’ and ‘non-basic works’. There are different considerations for outsourcing each of these categories of works, and there is a general prohibition (with some exceptions) on the outsourcing of works relating to customer data processing.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\"><em>Basic Works</em></p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Basic works refer broadly to the core tasks and responsibilities that banks have towards their customers. The operation of a bank’s information technology system is a prime example of basic works. Other examples include all customer-facing tasks (e.g. account opening, funds management, bank statements and transfers and payments), as well as human resources and marketing.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Banks are required to apply more rigour and diligence when outsourcing basic works, given the more serious consequences if the arrangement results in non-delivery of services. For that reason, the outsourcing of basic works is generally not permitted, unless the bank first obtains permission from SAMA. The Outsourcing Rules contain detailed requirements about what must be addressed in outsourcing contracts for basic works, and these are primarily aimed at reducing the potential harm that could result from outsourcing these core tasks and responsibilities.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\"><em>Non-basic Works</em></p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">In contrast, non-basic works include services that are common to many businesses, and where outsourcing does not pose serious risk to customers. Examples include cleaning, printing and postal functions. Non-basic works may be assigned to third party service providers without first obtaining confirmation of no objection from SAMA.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Traditionally, banks would assign many non-basic works to third party service providers as a matter of course, and this may not have been considered ‘outsourcing’. Despite this, there may be implications for the outsourcing of such works in the Outsourcing Rules, so agreements relating to such works still need to be reviewed for compliance.</p>\r\n\r\n<h2 dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">\"The objective of the Outsourcing Rules is to provide guidance to banks on how to arrange outsourcing, while remaining compliant with the obligations under their banking licences.\"</h2>\r\n<h3 dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Risk evaluation and management</h3>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">The Outsourcing Rules require senior management within banks to ensure that risks for existing and potential outsourcing agreements are considered and addressed. For the assignment of basic works, a thorough risk evaluation needs to be undertaken for all new contracts and contract renewals. For non-basic works, a thorough review is only required where there are substantive changes to the deliverables under an outsourcing arrangement.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Banks must properly investigate a service provider’s ability to undertake the contemplated services. Once a service provider is appointed, there is an obligation on the bank to monitor the service provider’s performance to ensure that the work is being done in accordance with the bank’s requirements.</p>\r\n\r\n<h3 dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Outsourcing contracts</h3>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">The Outsourcing Rules require banks to put in place comprehensive outsourcing contracts with service providers. These contracts need to address a variety of requirements, including scope of work, service levels and performance requirements, control and audit procedures, business continuity, pricing, confidentiality and privacy, information security, effects of breach and dispute resolution. The Outsourcing Rules indicate that it is preferable for governing law and jurisdiction of outsourcing contracts be that of Saudi Arabia.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">There is a requirement for outsourcing contracts to restrict service providers from sub-contracting any of the subject services without the prior consent of the banks, and subject to obtaining prior confirmation of no objection from SAMA.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Where customer data or financial statements are to be made available to a service provider in performance of outsourced services, it is necessary to ensure that the contractual arrangement reflects the confidentiality obligations set out in the Banking Control Law, and in other regulations and instructions that SAMA may have issued. It is also necessary to ensure that suitable measures are implemented to protect customer data and financial information in the course of performance of the outsourced services. These measures can include, for example, obligations requiring the adoption of isolation procedures restricting access to such information on a need-to-know basis, and obligations to have individuals involved in delivery of such services enter non-disclosure agreements.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Contracts for basic works need to make clear that SAMA has the right to obtain accounting documents and records relating to the assignment. Additionally, service providers located outside the Kingdom need to confirm that there are no statutory and control restrictions in their own jurisdictions that might impact on the unrestricted right of access to information that SAMA has under the Outsourcing Rules and the Banking Control Law.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Outsourcing contracts need to provide for the possibility of renewal, renegotiation, and termination of the contract, and early exit so that the bank can retain control over the subject services if it is necessary in the circumstances.</p>\r\n\r\n<h3 dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Business continuity</h3>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Outsourcing has the potential to cause interruptions or outages to banking services. Business continuity is very important for banks, particularly in terms of continuity of information technology services. The Outsourcing Rules require banks to have a plan in place to ensure business continuity if the outsourced service is disrupted. This can either be a plan for the bank to perform the function itself, or to have an alternate service provider ready to undertake the services on short notice. The Outsourcing Rules place an obligation on banks to inform SAMA of problems or disruptions that arise due to outsourcing arrangements.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">In line with SAMA’s Business Continuity Management Framework (issued in 2017), banks need to have a business continuity strategy, and a business line responsible for implementing, monitoring and evaluating the strategy. An information technology disaster recovery plan is required as a key component of business continuity; it applies whether or not information technology services are outsourced. The Business Continuity Management Framework outlines how to develop and implement a business continuity strategy in more detail.</p>\r\n\r\n<h3 dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Cyber security considerations</h3>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">The SAMA Cyber Security Framework (issued in 2017, and discussed in a separate Law Update article) acknowledges that banks will need to engage with third party service providers (including information technology services providers, cloud computing service providers, technology vendors and governmental agencies) in order to deliver their services. If such engagements do not respect the types of cyber security mechanisms that the banks have implemented, then they could result in cyber security risks. With this in mind, the Cyber Security Framework introduces expectations with regard to cyber security and the engagement of third parties. These can be broadly categorised as contract and vendor management considerations, outsourcing considerations and cloud computing considerations. It is essential that the cyber security obligations applying to banks pursuant to their implementation of SAMA’s Cyber Security Framework are addressed when considering outsourcing arrangements, and when preparing associated outsourcing contracts.</p>\r\n\r\n<h3 dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Conclusion</h3>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Banks operating in Saudi Arabia need to be aware of the Outsourcing Rules. This is to ensure that they remain compliant from a regulatory perspective, but also to ensure that the outsourcing of certain business operations does not result in damage to their customers, or to their own operation, reputations and profitability.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">The risks are greater when banks outsource their core functions, and SAMA’s Outsourcing Rules imposes greater obligations and restrictions on that type of outsourcing as a result.</p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<em>Al Tamimi &amp; Company’s <a href=\"https://www.tamimi.com/practice/technology-media-telecommunications/\">Technology, Media &amp; Telecommunications</a> team regularly advises on issues relating to technology contracting in the financial services sector. For further information please contact <a href=\"https://www.tamimi.com/lawyer/nick-oconnell/\">Nick O’Connell</a>, Partner (<a href=\"mailto:n.oconnell@tamimi.com\">n.oconnell@tamimi.com</a>) or <a href=\"https://www.tamimi.com/lawyer/amy-land-pejoska/\">Amy Land-Pejoska</a>, Associate (<a href=\"mailto:a.pejoska@tamimi.com\">a.pejoska@tamimi.com</a>).</em>|<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">There have been significant changes in technology and regulation since 2008, when the Saudi Arabian Monetary Authority (SAMA) issued Circular No. 424 B.C.S / 34720 – the SAMA Rules of Outsourcing Processes. In this article, we summarise key aspects of the \"Outsourcing Rules\" with a focus on the outsourcing of information technology services.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Outsourcing is a business practice in which a business engages external service providers to perform certain business functions, instead of having those functions performed by its own personnel. The increasing complexity of the outsourcing arrangements adopted by banks, and the potential harm to consumers from offshoring arrangements out of reach of regulators, led to a 2005 report by the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision. The report contained recommendations about tightening the way in which banks outsourced their activities. SAMA subsequently issued the Outsourcing Rules in 2008.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">The stated objective of the Outsourcing Rules is to provide guidance to banks on how to arrange outsourcing, while remaining compliant with the obligations under their banking licences. The Outsourcing Rules apply to branches of foreign banks in the Kingdom, as well as to domestic banks licensed under the Banking Control Law issued under Royal Decree No. M/5 dated 22/2/1386H (12 June 1966).</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Engaging third party service providers can enable banks to reduce costs and obtain other efficiencies, but it may also expose banks to a variety of risks. These can include operational and reputational risks, such as when service providers fail in their performance, when security or confidentiality breaches result, or where the service providers’ actions otherwise result in banks failing to comply with statutory or regulatory obligations. Additionally, the whole banking sector could be at risk if a common service provider to a number of banks fails in its performance of the services entrusted to it.</p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h3 dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Outsourcing basic work and non-basic work</h3>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">The Outsourcing Rules split those functions and tasks that can be outsourced into two main categories – ‘basic works’ and ‘non-basic works’. There are different considerations for outsourcing each of these categories of works, and there is a general prohibition (with some exceptions) on the outsourcing of works relating to customer data processing.</p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\"><em>Basic Works</em></p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Basic works refer broadly to the core tasks and responsibilities that banks have towards their customers. The operation of a bank’s information technology system is a prime example of basic works. Other examples include all customer-facing tasks (e.g. account opening, funds management, bank statements and transfers and payments), as well as human resources and marketing.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Banks are required to apply more rigour and diligence when outsourcing basic works, given the more serious consequences if the arrangement results in non-delivery of services. For that reason, the outsourcing of basic works is generally not permitted, unless the bank first obtains permission from SAMA. The Outsourcing Rules contain detailed requirements about what must be addressed in outsourcing contracts for basic works, and these are primarily aimed at reducing the potential harm that could result from outsourcing these core tasks and responsibilities.</p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\"><em>Non-basic Works</em></p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">In contrast, non-basic works include services that are common to many businesses, and where outsourcing does not pose serious risk to customers. Examples include cleaning, printing and postal functions. Non-basic works may be assigned to third party service providers without first obtaining confirmation of no objection from SAMA.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Traditionally, banks would assign many non-basic works to third party service providers as a matter of course, and this may not have been considered ‘outsourcing’. Despite this, there may be implications for the outsourcing of such works in the Outsourcing Rules, so agreements relating to such works still need to be reviewed for compliance.</p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h2 dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">\"The objective of the Outsourcing Rules is to provide guidance to banks on how to arrange outsourcing, while remaining compliant with the obligations under their banking licences.\"</h2>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h3 dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Risk evaluation and management</h3>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">The Outsourcing Rules require senior management within banks to ensure that risks for existing and potential outsourcing agreements are considered and addressed. For the assignment of basic works, a thorough risk evaluation needs to be undertaken for all new contracts and contract renewals. For non-basic works, a thorough review is only required where there are substantive changes to the deliverables under an outsourcing arrangement.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Banks must properly investigate a service provider’s ability to undertake the contemplated services. Once a service provider is appointed, there is an obligation on the bank to monitor the service provider’s performance to ensure that the work is being done in accordance with the bank’s requirements.</p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h3 dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Outsourcing contracts</h3>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">The Outsourcing Rules require banks to put in place comprehensive outsourcing contracts with service providers. These contracts need to address a variety of requirements, including scope of work, service levels and performance requirements, control and audit procedures, business continuity, pricing, confidentiality and privacy, information security, effects of breach and dispute resolution. The Outsourcing Rules indicate that it is preferable for governing law and jurisdiction of outsourcing contracts be that of Saudi Arabia.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">There is a requirement for outsourcing contracts to restrict service providers from sub-contracting any of the subject services without the prior consent of the banks, and subject to obtaining prior confirmation of no objection from SAMA.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Where customer data or financial statements are to be made available to a service provider in performance of outsourced services, it is necessary to ensure that the contractual arrangement reflects the confidentiality obligations set out in the Banking Control Law, and in other regulations and instructions that SAMA may have issued. It is also necessary to ensure that suitable measures are implemented to protect customer data and financial information in the course of performance of the outsourced services. These measures can include, for example, obligations requiring the adoption of isolation procedures restricting access to such information on a need-to-know basis, and obligations to have individuals involved in delivery of such services enter non-disclosure agreements.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Contracts for basic works need to make clear that SAMA has the right to obtain accounting documents and records relating to the assignment. Additionally, service providers located outside the Kingdom need to confirm that there are no statutory and control restrictions in their own jurisdictions that might impact on the unrestricted right of access to information that SAMA has under the Outsourcing Rules and the Banking Control Law.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Outsourcing contracts need to provide for the possibility of renewal, renegotiation, and termination of the contract, and early exit so that the bank can retain control over the subject services if it is necessary in the circumstances.</p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h3 dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Business continuity</h3>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Outsourcing has the potential to cause interruptions or outages to banking services. Business continuity is very important for banks, particularly in terms of continuity of information technology services. The Outsourcing Rules require banks to have a plan in place to ensure business continuity if the outsourced service is disrupted. This can either be a plan for the bank to perform the function itself, or to have an alternate service provider ready to undertake the services on short notice. The Outsourcing Rules place an obligation on banks to inform SAMA of problems or disruptions that arise due to outsourcing arrangements.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">In line with SAMA’s Business Continuity Management Framework (issued in 2017), banks need to have a business continuity strategy, and a business line responsible for implementing, monitoring and evaluating the strategy. An information technology disaster recovery plan is required as a key component of business continuity; it applies whether or not information technology services are outsourced. The Business Continuity Management Framework outlines how to develop and implement a business continuity strategy in more detail.</p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h3 dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Cyber security considerations</h3>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">The SAMA Cyber Security Framework (issued in 2017, and discussed in a separate Law Update article) acknowledges that banks will need to engage with third party service providers (including information technology services providers, cloud computing service providers, technology vendors and governmental agencies) in order to deliver their services. If such engagements do not respect the types of cyber security mechanisms that the banks have implemented, then they could result in cyber security risks. With this in mind, the Cyber Security Framework introduces expectations with regard to cyber security and the engagement of third parties. These can be broadly categorised as contract and vendor management considerations, outsourcing considerations and cloud computing considerations. It is essential that the cyber security obligations applying to banks pursuant to their implementation of SAMA’s Cyber Security Framework are addressed when considering outsourcing arrangements, and when preparing associated outsourcing contracts.</p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h3 dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Conclusion</h3>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Banks operating in Saudi Arabia need to be aware of the Outsourcing Rules. This is to ensure that they remain compliant from a regulatory perspective, but also to ensure that the outsourcing of certain business operations does not result in damage to their customers, or to their own operation, reputations and profitability.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">The risks are greater when banks outsource their core functions, and SAMA’s Outsourcing Rules imposes greater obligations and restrictions on that type of outsourcing as a result.</p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<em>Al Tamimi &amp; Company’s <a href=\"https://www.tamimi.com/practice/technology-media-telecommunications/\">Technology, Media &amp; Telecommunications</a> team regularly advises on issues relating to technology contracting in the financial services sector. For further information please contact <a href=\"https://www.tamimi.com/lawyer/nick-oconnell/\">Nick O’Connell</a>, Partner (<a href=\"mailto:n.oconnell@tamimi.com\">n.oconnell@tamimi.com</a>) or <a href=\"https://www.tamimi.com/lawyer/amy-land-pejoska/\">Amy Land-Pejoska</a>, Associate (<a href=\"mailto:a.pejoska@tamimi.com\">a.pejoska@tamimi.com</a>).</em>'),
(294481, 28243, 'ClientIP', '83.111.236.141'),
(294482, 28243, 'UserAgent', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Trident/7.0; rv:11.0) like Gecko'),
(294483, 28243, 'CurrentUserID', '5'),
(294484, 28243, 'CurrentUserRoles', 'a:2:{i:0;s:13:\"administrator\";i:1;s:10:\"superadmin\";}'),
(294485, 28243, 'SessionID', 'ab7607e949cab980d021cb9002200b49f24a7441bf6132c6da8ae65d9e9a9d87'),
(294486, 28244, 'PostID', '8206'),
(294487, 28244, 'PostType', 'law_update_articles'),
(294488, 28244, 'PostTitle', 'Technology outsourcing in the Saudi financial services sector: The SAMA Outsourcing Rules'),
(294489, 28244, 'PostStatus', 'draft'),
(294490, 28244, 'PostDate', '2018-09-02 19:14:01'),
(294491, 28244, 'PostUrl', 'https://www.tamimi.com/?post_type=law_update_articles&p=8206'),
(294492, 28244, 'EditorLinkPost', 'https://www.tamimi.com/wp-admin/post.php?post=8206&amp;action=edit'),
(294493, 28244, 'ClientIP', '83.111.236.141'),
(294494, 28244, 'UserAgent', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Trident/7.0; rv:11.0) like Gecko'),
(294495, 28244, 'CurrentUserID', '5'),
(294496, 28244, 'CurrentUserRoles', 'a:2:{i:0;s:13:\"administrator\";i:1;s:10:\"superadmin\";}'),
(294497, 28244, 'SessionID', 'ab7607e949cab980d021cb9002200b49f24a7441bf6132c6da8ae65d9e9a9d87'),
(294498, 28245, 'PostID', '8206'),
(294499, 28245, 'PostType', 'law_update_articles'),
(294500, 28245, 'PostTitle', 'Technology outsourcing in the Saudi financial services sector: The SAMA Outsourcing Rules'),
(294501, 28245, 'PostStatus', 'draft'),
(294502, 28245, 'PostDate', '2018-09-02 19:14:01'),
(294503, 28245, 'PostUrl', 'https://www.tamimi.com/?post_type=law_update_articles&p=8206'),
(294504, 28245, 'EditorLinkPost', 'https://www.tamimi.com/wp-admin/post.php?post=8206&amp;action=edit'),
(294505, 28245, 'ClientIP', '83.111.236.141'),
(294506, 28245, 'UserAgent', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Trident/7.0; rv:11.0) like Gecko'),
(294507, 28245, 'CurrentUserID', '5'),
(294508, 28245, 'CurrentUserRoles', 'a:2:{i:0;s:13:\"administrator\";i:1;s:10:\"superadmin\";}'),
(294509, 28245, 'SessionID', 'ab7607e949cab980d021cb9002200b49f24a7441bf6132c6da8ae65d9e9a9d87'),
(294510, 28246, 'PostID', '8206'),
(294511, 28246, 'PostType', 'law_update_articles'),
(294512, 28246, 'PostTitle', 'Technology outsourcing in the Saudi financial services sector: The SAMA Outsourcing Rules'),
(294513, 28246, 'PostStatus', 'draft'),
(294514, 28246, 'PostDate', '2018-09-02 19:14:17'),
(294515, 28246, 'PostUrl', 'https://www.tamimi.com/?post_type=law_update_articles&p=8206'),
(294516, 28246, 'EditorLinkPost', 'https://www.tamimi.com/wp-admin/post.php?post=8206&amp;action=edit'),
(294517, 28246, 'ClientIP', '83.111.236.141'),
(294518, 28246, 'UserAgent', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Trident/7.0; rv:11.0) like Gecko'),
(294519, 28246, 'CurrentUserID', '5'),
(294520, 28246, 'CurrentUserRoles', 'a:2:{i:0;s:13:\"administrator\";i:1;s:10:\"superadmin\";}'),
(294521, 28246, 'SessionID', 'ab7607e949cab980d021cb9002200b49f24a7441bf6132c6da8ae65d9e9a9d87'),
(294522, 28247, 'CurrentUserID', '5'),
(294523, 28247, 'CurrentUserRoles', 'a:2:{i:0;s:13:\"administrator\";i:1;s:10:\"superadmin\";}'),
(294524, 28247, 'ClientIP', '83.111.236.141'),
(294525, 28247, 'UserAgent', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Trident/7.0; rv:11.0) like Gecko'),
(294526, 28247, 'SessionID', '6535c235a9f90e18d7d57d2663638b0ff441d6b7ae2c4bc928dca5f0cc8213ca'),
(294527, 28248, 'FileLocation', '/home/tamimi/public_html/wp-admin/error_log'),
(294528, 28248, 'ClientIP', '193.223.100.56'),
(294529, 28248, 'UserAgent', 'WordPress/4.9.8; https://www.tamimi.com'),
(294530, 28249, 'Username', 'patrick'),
(294531, 28249, 'CurrentUserRoles', 'a:2:{i:0;s:13:\"administrator\";i:1;s:10:\"superadmin\";}'),
(294532, 28249, 'IPAddress', '83.111.236.141'),
(294533, 28249, 'ClientIP', '83.111.236.141'),
(294534, 28249, 'UserAgent', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64; Trident/7.0; rv:11.0) like Gecko'),
(294535, 28250, 'Username', 'patrick'),
(294536, 28250, 'CurrentUserRoles', 'a:2:{i:0;s:13:\"administrator\";i:1;s:10:\"superadmin\";}'),
(294537, 28250, 'ClientIP', '83.111.236.141'),
(294538, 28250, 'UserAgent', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64; Trident/7.0; rv:11.0) like Gecko'),
(294539, 28251, 'PostID', '7928'),
(294540, 28251, 'PostType', 'law-update'),
(294541, 28251, 'PostTitle', 'June - July 2018'),
(294542, 28251, 'PostStatus', 'publish'),
(294543, 28251, 'PostDate', '2018-08-01 07:30:03'),
(294544, 28251, 'PostUrl', 'https://www.tamimi.com/law-update/june-july-2018/'),
(294545, 28251, 'EditorLinkPost', 'https://www.tamimi.com/wp-admin/post.php?post=7928&amp;action=edit'),
(294546, 28251, 'ClientIP', '83.111.236.141'),
(294547, 28251, 'UserAgent', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64; Trident/7.0; rv:11.0) like Gecko'),
(294548, 28251, 'CurrentUserID', '5'),
(294549, 28251, 'CurrentUserRoles', 'a:2:{i:0;s:13:\"administrator\";i:1;s:10:\"superadmin\";}'),
(294550, 28251, 'SessionID', '517eb00f38a07fe2da1ec1f99fcf7d3a81b4882fe43c5ab21c8afac5a00381ef'),
(294551, 28252, 'AttachmentID', '8208'),
(294552, 28252, 'FileName', '2018-August-Law-Update-Cover-Website-Mobile.jpg'),
(294553, 28252, 'FilePath', '/home/tamimi/public_html/wp-content/uploads/2018/09'),
(294554, 28252, 'ClientIP', '83.111.236.141'),
(294555, 28252, 'UserAgent', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64; Trident/7.0; rv:11.0) like Gecko'),
(294556, 28252, 'CurrentUserID', '5'),
(294557, 28252, 'CurrentUserRoles', 'a:2:{i:0;s:13:\"administrator\";i:1;s:10:\"superadmin\";}'),
(294558, 28252, 'SessionID', '517eb00f38a07fe2da1ec1f99fcf7d3a81b4882fe43c5ab21c8afac5a00381ef'),
(294559, 28253, 'AttachmentID', '8209'),
(294560, 28253, 'FileName', '2018-August-Law-Update-Cover-Website.jpg'),
(294561, 28253, 'FilePath', '/home/tamimi/public_html/wp-content/uploads/2018/09'),
(294562, 28253, 'ClientIP', '83.111.236.141'),
(294563, 28253, 'UserAgent', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64; Trident/7.0; rv:11.0) like Gecko'),
(294564, 28253, 'CurrentUserID', '5'),
(294565, 28253, 'CurrentUserRoles', 'a:2:{i:0;s:13:\"administrator\";i:1;s:10:\"superadmin\";}'),
(294566, 28253, 'SessionID', '517eb00f38a07fe2da1ec1f99fcf7d3a81b4882fe43c5ab21c8afac5a00381ef'),
(294567, 28254, 'PostID', '8183'),
(294568, 28254, 'PostType', 'law-update'),
(294569, 28254, 'PostTitle', 'August 2018'),
(294570, 28254, 'PostStatus', 'draft'),
(294571, 28254, 'PostDate', '2018-09-02 14:58:48'),
(294572, 28254, 'PostUrl', 'https://www.tamimi.com/?post_type=law-update&p=8183'),
(294573, 28254, 'EditorLinkPost', 'https://www.tamimi.com/wp-admin/post.php?post=8183&amp;action=edit'),
(294574, 28254, 'ClientIP', '83.111.236.141'),
(294575, 28254, 'UserAgent', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64; Trident/7.0; rv:11.0) like Gecko'),
(294576, 28254, 'CurrentUserID', '5'),
(294577, 28254, 'CurrentUserRoles', 'a:2:{i:0;s:13:\"administrator\";i:1;s:10:\"superadmin\";}'),
(294578, 28254, 'SessionID', '517eb00f38a07fe2da1ec1f99fcf7d3a81b4882fe43c5ab21c8afac5a00381ef'),
(294579, 28255, 'PostID', '8183'),
(294580, 28255, 'PostTitle', 'August 2018'),
(294581, 28255, 'PostStatus', 'draft'),
(294582, 28255, 'PostType', 'law-update'),
(294583, 28255, 'PostDate', '2018-09-03 08:00:36'),
(294584, 28255, 'PostUrl', 'https://www.tamimi.com/?post_type=law-update&p=8183'),
(294585, 28255, 'MetaID', '226146'),
(294586, 28255, 'MetaKey', 'lawUpdateImageURL'),
(294587, 28255, 'MetaValueNew', '8209'),
(294588, 28255, 'MetaLink', 'lawUpdateImageURL'),
(294589, 28255, 'EditorLinkPost', 'https://www.tamimi.com/wp-admin/post.php?post=8183&amp;action=edit'),
(294590, 28255, 'ReportText', '|8209'),
(294591, 28255, 'ClientIP', '83.111.236.141'),
(294592, 28255, 'UserAgent', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64; Trident/7.0; rv:11.0) like Gecko'),
(294593, 28255, 'CurrentUserID', '5'),
(294594, 28255, 'CurrentUserRoles', 'a:2:{i:0;s:13:\"administrator\";i:1;s:10:\"superadmin\";}'),
(294595, 28255, 'SessionID', '517eb00f38a07fe2da1ec1f99fcf7d3a81b4882fe43c5ab21c8afac5a00381ef'),
(294596, 28256, 'PostID', '8183'),
(294597, 28256, 'PostType', 'law-update'),
(294598, 28256, 'PostTitle', 'August 2018'),
(294599, 28256, 'PostStatus', 'draft'),
(294600, 28256, 'PostDate', '2018-09-03 08:00:36'),
(294601, 28256, 'PostUrl', 'https://www.tamimi.com/?post_type=law-update&p=8183'),
(294602, 28256, 'EditorLinkPost', 'https://www.tamimi.com/wp-admin/post.php?post=8183&amp;action=edit'),
(294603, 28256, 'ClientIP', '83.111.236.141'),
(294604, 28256, 'UserAgent', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64; Trident/7.0; rv:11.0) like Gecko'),
(294605, 28256, 'CurrentUserID', '5'),
(294606, 28256, 'CurrentUserRoles', 'a:2:{i:0;s:13:\"administrator\";i:1;s:10:\"superadmin\";}'),
(294607, 28256, 'SessionID', '517eb00f38a07fe2da1ec1f99fcf7d3a81b4882fe43c5ab21c8afac5a00381ef'),
(294608, 28257, 'PostID', '5'),
(294609, 28257, 'PostType', 'page'),
(294610, 28257, 'PostTitle', 'Home'),
(294611, 28257, 'PostStatus', 'publish'),
(294612, 28257, 'PostDate', '2017-09-06 07:15:00'),
(294613, 28257, 'PostUrl', 'https://www.tamimi.com/'),
(294614, 28257, 'EditorLinkPost', 'https://www.tamimi.com/wp-admin/post.php?post=5&amp;action=edit'),
(294615, 28257, 'ClientIP', '2.50.40.85'),
(294616, 28257, 'UserAgent', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_13_2) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/68.0.3440.106 Safari/537.36'),
(294617, 28257, 'CurrentUserID', '8'),
(294618, 28257, 'CurrentUserRoles', 'a:2:{i:0;s:13:\"administrator\";i:1;s:10:\"superadmin\";}'),
(294619, 28257, 'SessionID', '1193bfb4a09d2b30d9fffcfbc9672c52e966caad83d7f5df0131d8901e6281eb'),
(294620, 28258, 'Username', 'patrick'),
(294621, 28258, 'CurrentUserRoles', 'a:2:{i:0;s:13:\"administrator\";i:1;s:10:\"superadmin\";}'),
(294622, 28258, 'IPAddress', '83.111.236.141'),
(294623, 28258, 'ClientIP', '83.111.236.141'),
(294624, 28258, 'UserAgent', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64; Trident/7.0; rv:11.0) like Gecko'),
(294625, 28259, 'Username', 'patrick'),
(294626, 28259, 'CurrentUserRoles', 'a:2:{i:0;s:13:\"administrator\";i:1;s:10:\"superadmin\";}'),
(294627, 28259, 'ClientIP', '83.111.236.141'),
(294628, 28259, 'UserAgent', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64; Trident/7.0; rv:11.0) like Gecko'),
(294629, 28260, 'PostID', '8207'),
(294630, 28260, 'PostType', 'lawyer'),
(294631, 28260, 'PostTitle', 'Amy Land-Pejoska'),
(294632, 28260, 'PostStatus', 'draft'),
(294633, 28260, 'PostDate', '2018-09-02 19:07:43'),
(294634, 28260, 'PostUrl', 'https://www.tamimi.com/?post_type=lawyer&p=8207'),
(294635, 28260, 'EditorLinkPost', 'https://www.tamimi.com/wp-admin/post.php?post=8207&amp;action=edit'),
(294636, 28260, 'ClientIP', '83.111.236.141'),
(294637, 28260, 'UserAgent', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64; Trident/7.0; rv:11.0) like Gecko'),
(294638, 28260, 'CurrentUserID', '5'),
(294639, 28260, 'CurrentUserRoles', 'a:2:{i:0;s:13:\"administrator\";i:1;s:10:\"superadmin\";}'),
(294640, 28260, 'SessionID', '9dc4e9305b6d57bdbd5277f970eaff8a7f6c571f7a72657b8d751cd4884f2076'),
(294641, 28261, 'AttachmentID', '8210'),
(294642, 28261, 'FileName', 'Amy-Pejoska.jpg'),
(294643, 28261, 'FilePath', '/home/tamimi/public_html/wp-content/uploads/2018/09'),
(294644, 28261, 'ClientIP', '83.111.236.141'),
(294645, 28261, 'UserAgent', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64; Trident/7.0; rv:11.0) like Gecko'),
(294646, 28261, 'CurrentUserID', '5'),
(294647, 28261, 'CurrentUserRoles', 'a:2:{i:0;s:13:\"administrator\";i:1;s:10:\"superadmin\";}'),
(294648, 28261, 'SessionID', '9dc4e9305b6d57bdbd5277f970eaff8a7f6c571f7a72657b8d751cd4884f2076'),
(294649, 28262, 'PostID', '5'),
(294650, 28262, 'PostType', 'page'),
(294651, 28262, 'PostTitle', 'Home'),
(294652, 28262, 'PostStatus', 'publish'),
(294653, 28262, 'PostDate', '2017-09-06 07:15:00'),
(294654, 28262, 'PostUrl', 'https://www.tamimi.com/'),
(294655, 28262, 'EditorLinkPost', 'https://www.tamimi.com/wp-admin/post.php?post=5&amp;action=edit'),
(294656, 28262, 'ClientIP', '83.111.236.141'),
(294657, 28262, 'UserAgent', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64; Trident/7.0; rv:11.0) like Gecko'),
(294658, 28262, 'CurrentUserID', '5'),
(294659, 28262, 'CurrentUserRoles', 'a:2:{i:0;s:13:\"administrator\";i:1;s:10:\"superadmin\";}'),
(294660, 28262, 'SessionID', '9dc4e9305b6d57bdbd5277f970eaff8a7f6c571f7a72657b8d751cd4884f2076'),
(294661, 28263, 'PostID', '252'),
(294662, 28263, 'PostType', 'page'),
(294663, 28263, 'PostTitle', 'Locations'),
(294664, 28263, 'PostStatus', 'publish'),
(294665, 28263, 'PostDate', '2017-09-18 08:56:53'),
(294666, 28263, 'PostUrl', 'https://www.tamimi.com/locations/'),
(294667, 28263, 'EditorLinkPost', 'https://www.tamimi.com/wp-admin/post.php?post=252&amp;action=edit'),
(294668, 28263, 'ClientIP', '83.111.236.141'),
(294669, 28263, 'UserAgent', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64; Trident/7.0; rv:11.0) like Gecko'),
(294670, 28263, 'CurrentUserID', '5'),
(294671, 28263, 'CurrentUserRoles', 'a:2:{i:0;s:13:\"administrator\";i:1;s:10:\"superadmin\";}'),
(294672, 28263, 'SessionID', '9dc4e9305b6d57bdbd5277f970eaff8a7f6c571f7a72657b8d751cd4884f2076'),
(294673, 28264, 'PostID', '1472'),
(294674, 28264, 'PostType', 'locations'),
(294675, 28264, 'PostTitle', 'Saudi Arabia'),
(294676, 28264, 'PostStatus', 'publish'),
(294677, 28264, 'PostDate', '2017-10-05 13:37:17'),
(294678, 28264, 'PostUrl', 'https://www.tamimi.com/locations/saudi-arabia/'),
(294679, 28264, 'EditorLinkPost', 'https://www.tamimi.com/wp-admin/post.php?post=1472&amp;action=edit'),
(294680, 28264, 'ClientIP', '83.111.236.141'),
(294681, 28264, 'UserAgent', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64; Trident/7.0; rv:11.0) like Gecko'),
(294682, 28264, 'CurrentUserID', '5'),
(294683, 28264, 'CurrentUserRoles', 'a:2:{i:0;s:13:\"administrator\";i:1;s:10:\"superadmin\";}'),
(294684, 28264, 'SessionID', '9dc4e9305b6d57bdbd5277f970eaff8a7f6c571f7a72657b8d751cd4884f2076'),
(294685, 28265, 'PostID', '1472'),
(294686, 28265, 'PostType', 'locations'),
(294687, 28265, 'PostTitle', 'Saudi Arabia'),
(294688, 28265, 'PostStatus', 'publish'),
(294689, 28265, 'PostDate', '2017-10-05 13:37:17'),
(294690, 28265, 'PostUrl', 'https://www.tamimi.com/locations/saudi-arabia/'),
(294691, 28265, 'EditorLinkPost', 'https://www.tamimi.com/wp-admin/post.php?post=1472&amp;action=edit'),
(294692, 28265, 'ClientIP', '83.111.236.141'),
(294693, 28265, 'UserAgent', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64; Trident/7.0; rv:11.0) like Gecko'),
(294694, 28265, 'CurrentUserID', '5'),
(294695, 28265, 'CurrentUserRoles', 'a:2:{i:0;s:13:\"administrator\";i:1;s:10:\"superadmin\";}'),
(294696, 28265, 'SessionID', '9dc4e9305b6d57bdbd5277f970eaff8a7f6c571f7a72657b8d751cd4884f2076'),
(294697, 28266, 'PostID', '8207'),
(294698, 28266, 'PostType', 'lawyer'),
(294699, 28266, 'PostTitle', 'Amy Land-Pejoska'),
(294700, 28266, 'PostStatus', 'publish');
INSERT INTO `tm_wsal_metadata` (`id`, `occurrence_id`, `name`, `value`) VALUES
(294701, 28266, 'PostDate', '2018-09-03 09:31:32'),
(294702, 28266, 'PostUrl', 'https://www.tamimi.com/lawyer/amy-land-pejoska/'),
(294703, 28266, 'EditorLinkPost', 'https://www.tamimi.com/wp-admin/post.php?post=8207&amp;action=edit'),
(294704, 28266, 'ClientIP', '83.111.236.141'),
(294705, 28266, 'UserAgent', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64; Trident/7.0; rv:11.0) like Gecko'),
(294706, 28266, 'CurrentUserID', '5'),
(294707, 28266, 'CurrentUserRoles', 'a:2:{i:0;s:13:\"administrator\";i:1;s:10:\"superadmin\";}'),
(294708, 28266, 'SessionID', '9dc4e9305b6d57bdbd5277f970eaff8a7f6c571f7a72657b8d751cd4884f2076'),
(294709, 28267, 'PostID', '8207'),
(294710, 28267, 'PostType', 'lawyer'),
(294711, 28267, 'PostTitle', 'Amy Land-Pejoska'),
(294712, 28267, 'PostStatus', 'publish'),
(294713, 28267, 'PostDate', '2018-09-03 09:31:32'),
(294714, 28267, 'OldUrl', 'https://www.tamimi.com/?post_type=lawyer&p=8207'),
(294715, 28267, 'NewUrl', 'https://www.tamimi.com/lawyer/amy-land-pejoska/'),
(294716, 28267, 'EditorLinkPost', 'https://www.tamimi.com/wp-admin/post.php?post=8207&amp;action=edit'),
(294717, 28267, 'ReportText', '\"https://www.tamimi.com/?post_type=lawyer&p=8207\"|\"https://www.tamimi.com/lawyer/amy-land-pejoska/\"'),
(294718, 28267, 'ClientIP', '83.111.236.141'),
(294719, 28267, 'UserAgent', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64; Trident/7.0; rv:11.0) like Gecko'),
(294720, 28267, 'CurrentUserID', '5'),
(294721, 28267, 'CurrentUserRoles', 'a:2:{i:0;s:13:\"administrator\";i:1;s:10:\"superadmin\";}'),
(294722, 28267, 'SessionID', '9dc4e9305b6d57bdbd5277f970eaff8a7f6c571f7a72657b8d751cd4884f2076'),
(294723, 28268, 'PostID', '8207'),
(294724, 28268, 'PostTitle', 'Amy Land-Pejoska'),
(294725, 28268, 'PostStatus', 'publish'),
(294726, 28268, 'PostType', 'lawyer'),
(294727, 28268, 'PostDate', '2018-09-03 09:31:32'),
(294728, 28268, 'PostUrl', 'https://www.tamimi.com/lawyer/amy-land-pejoska/'),
(294729, 28268, 'MetaID', '227141'),
(294730, 28268, 'MetaKey', 'profile_image'),
(294731, 28268, 'MetaValueNew', '8210'),
(294732, 28268, 'MetaLink', 'profile_image'),
(294733, 28268, 'EditorLinkPost', 'https://www.tamimi.com/wp-admin/post.php?post=8207&amp;action=edit'),
(294734, 28268, 'ReportText', '|8210'),
(294735, 28268, 'ClientIP', '83.111.236.141'),
(294736, 28268, 'UserAgent', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64; Trident/7.0; rv:11.0) like Gecko'),
(294737, 28268, 'CurrentUserID', '5'),
(294738, 28268, 'CurrentUserRoles', 'a:2:{i:0;s:13:\"administrator\";i:1;s:10:\"superadmin\";}'),
(294739, 28268, 'SessionID', '9dc4e9305b6d57bdbd5277f970eaff8a7f6c571f7a72657b8d751cd4884f2076'),
(294740, 28269, 'PostID', '8207'),
(294741, 28269, 'PostTitle', 'Amy Land-Pejoska'),
(294742, 28269, 'PostStatus', 'publish'),
(294743, 28269, 'PostType', 'lawyer'),
(294744, 28269, 'PostDate', '2018-09-03 09:31:32'),
(294745, 28269, 'PostUrl', 'https://www.tamimi.com/lawyer/amy-land-pejoska/'),
(294746, 28269, 'MetaID', '227143'),
(294747, 28269, 'MetaKey', 'contact_no'),
(294748, 28269, 'MetaValueNew', '+966 (0)11 4169 666'),
(294749, 28269, 'MetaLink', 'contact_no'),
(294750, 28269, 'EditorLinkPost', 'https://www.tamimi.com/wp-admin/post.php?post=8207&amp;action=edit'),
(294751, 28269, 'ReportText', '|+966 (0)11 4169 666'),
(294752, 28269, 'ClientIP', '83.111.236.141'),
(294753, 28269, 'UserAgent', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64; Trident/7.0; rv:11.0) like Gecko'),
(294754, 28269, 'CurrentUserID', '5'),
(294755, 28269, 'CurrentUserRoles', 'a:2:{i:0;s:13:\"administrator\";i:1;s:10:\"superadmin\";}'),
(294756, 28269, 'SessionID', '9dc4e9305b6d57bdbd5277f970eaff8a7f6c571f7a72657b8d751cd4884f2076'),
(294757, 28270, 'PostID', '8207'),
(294758, 28270, 'PostTitle', 'Amy Land-Pejoska'),
(294759, 28270, 'PostStatus', 'publish'),
(294760, 28270, 'PostType', 'lawyer'),
(294761, 28270, 'PostDate', '2018-09-03 09:31:32'),
(294762, 28270, 'PostUrl', 'https://www.tamimi.com/lawyer/amy-land-pejoska/'),
(294763, 28270, 'MetaID', '227147'),
(294764, 28270, 'MetaKey', 'email'),
(294765, 28270, 'MetaValueNew', 'a.pejoska@tamimi.com'),
(294766, 28270, 'MetaLink', 'email'),
(294767, 28270, 'EditorLinkPost', 'https://www.tamimi.com/wp-admin/post.php?post=8207&amp;action=edit'),
(294768, 28270, 'ReportText', '|a.pejoska@tamimi.com'),
(294769, 28270, 'ClientIP', '83.111.236.141'),
(294770, 28270, 'UserAgent', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64; Trident/7.0; rv:11.0) like Gecko'),
(294771, 28270, 'CurrentUserID', '5'),
(294772, 28270, 'CurrentUserRoles', 'a:2:{i:0;s:13:\"administrator\";i:1;s:10:\"superadmin\";}'),
(294773, 28270, 'SessionID', '9dc4e9305b6d57bdbd5277f970eaff8a7f6c571f7a72657b8d751cd4884f2076'),
(294774, 28271, 'PostID', '8207'),
(294775, 28271, 'PostTitle', 'Amy Land-Pejoska'),
(294776, 28271, 'PostStatus', 'publish'),
(294777, 28271, 'PostType', 'lawyer'),
(294778, 28271, 'PostDate', '2018-09-03 09:31:32'),
(294779, 28271, 'PostUrl', 'https://www.tamimi.com/lawyer/amy-land-pejoska/'),
(294780, 28271, 'MetaID', '227149'),
(294781, 28271, 'MetaKey', 'designation'),
(294782, 28271, 'MetaValueNew', 'Associate'),
(294783, 28271, 'MetaLink', 'designation'),
(294784, 28271, 'EditorLinkPost', 'https://www.tamimi.com/wp-admin/post.php?post=8207&amp;action=edit'),
(294785, 28271, 'ReportText', '|Associate'),
(294786, 28271, 'ClientIP', '83.111.236.141'),
(294787, 28271, 'UserAgent', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64; Trident/7.0; rv:11.0) like Gecko'),
(294788, 28271, 'CurrentUserID', '5'),
(294789, 28271, 'CurrentUserRoles', 'a:2:{i:0;s:13:\"administrator\";i:1;s:10:\"superadmin\";}'),
(294790, 28271, 'SessionID', '9dc4e9305b6d57bdbd5277f970eaff8a7f6c571f7a72657b8d751cd4884f2076'),
(294791, 28272, 'PostID', '8207'),
(294792, 28272, 'PostTitle', 'Amy Land-Pejoska'),
(294793, 28272, 'PostStatus', 'publish'),
(294794, 28272, 'PostType', 'lawyer'),
(294795, 28272, 'PostDate', '2018-09-03 09:31:32'),
(294796, 28272, 'PostUrl', 'https://www.tamimi.com/lawyer/amy-land-pejoska/'),
(294797, 28272, 'MetaKey', 'lawyerLocations_0_lawyerLocation'),
(294798, 28272, 'MetaValue', '1495'),
(294799, 28272, 'MetaLink', 'lawyerLocations_0_lawyerLocation'),
(294800, 28272, 'EditorLinkPost', 'https://www.tamimi.com/wp-admin/post.php?post=8207&amp;action=edit'),
(294801, 28272, 'ClientIP', '83.111.236.141'),
(294802, 28272, 'UserAgent', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64; Trident/7.0; rv:11.0) like Gecko'),
(294803, 28272, 'CurrentUserID', '5'),
(294804, 28272, 'CurrentUserRoles', 'a:2:{i:0;s:13:\"administrator\";i:1;s:10:\"superadmin\";}'),
(294805, 28272, 'SessionID', '9dc4e9305b6d57bdbd5277f970eaff8a7f6c571f7a72657b8d751cd4884f2076'),
(294806, 28273, 'PostID', '8207'),
(294807, 28273, 'PostTitle', 'Amy Land-Pejoska'),
(294808, 28273, 'PostStatus', 'publish'),
(294809, 28273, 'PostType', 'lawyer'),
(294810, 28273, 'PostDate', '2018-09-03 09:31:32'),
(294811, 28273, 'PostUrl', 'https://www.tamimi.com/lawyer/amy-land-pejoska/'),
(294812, 28273, 'MetaID', '227161'),
(294813, 28273, 'MetaKey', 'lawyerLocations'),
(294814, 28273, 'MetaValueNew', '1'),
(294815, 28273, 'MetaLink', 'lawyerLocations'),
(294816, 28273, 'EditorLinkPost', 'https://www.tamimi.com/wp-admin/post.php?post=8207&amp;action=edit'),
(294817, 28273, 'ReportText', '|1'),
(294818, 28273, 'ClientIP', '83.111.236.141'),
(294819, 28273, 'UserAgent', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64; Trident/7.0; rv:11.0) like Gecko'),
(294820, 28273, 'CurrentUserID', '5'),
(294821, 28273, 'CurrentUserRoles', 'a:2:{i:0;s:13:\"administrator\";i:1;s:10:\"superadmin\";}'),
(294822, 28273, 'SessionID', '9dc4e9305b6d57bdbd5277f970eaff8a7f6c571f7a72657b8d751cd4884f2076'),
(294823, 28274, 'PostID', '8207'),
(294824, 28274, 'PostTitle', 'Amy Land-Pejoska'),
(294825, 28274, 'PostStatus', 'publish'),
(294826, 28274, 'PostType', 'lawyer'),
(294827, 28274, 'PostDate', '2018-09-03 09:31:32'),
(294828, 28274, 'PostUrl', 'https://www.tamimi.com/lawyer/amy-land-pejoska/'),
(294829, 28274, 'MetaID', '227163'),
(294830, 28274, 'MetaKey', 'biography'),
(294831, 28274, 'MetaValueNew', 'Amy is an Associate in our Technology, Media &amp; Telecommunications team, having recently joined from the Australian Government, where she worked extensively in public policy and legislative drafting related matters, including in respect of competition and consumer affairs, deregulation, privacy and freedom of information. Amy’s government sector experience has given her valuable insight into the workings of government, and the challenges faced by businesses in ensuring compliance.'),
(294832, 28274, 'MetaLink', 'biography'),
(294833, 28274, 'EditorLinkPost', 'https://www.tamimi.com/wp-admin/post.php?post=8207&amp;action=edit'),
(294834, 28274, 'ReportText', '|Amy is an Associate in our Technology, Media &amp; Telecommunications team, having recently joined from the Australian Government, where she worked extensively in public policy and legislative drafting related matters, including in respect of competition and consumer affairs, deregulation, privacy and freedom of information. Amy’s government sector experience has given her valuable insight into the workings of government, and the challenges faced by businesses in ensuring compliance.'),
(294835, 28274, 'ClientIP', '83.111.236.141'),
(294836, 28274, 'UserAgent', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64; Trident/7.0; rv:11.0) like Gecko'),
(294837, 28274, 'CurrentUserID', '5'),
(294838, 28274, 'CurrentUserRoles', 'a:2:{i:0;s:13:\"administrator\";i:1;s:10:\"superadmin\";}'),
(294839, 28274, 'SessionID', '9dc4e9305b6d57bdbd5277f970eaff8a7f6c571f7a72657b8d751cd4884f2076'),
(294840, 28275, 'PostID', '8207'),
(294841, 28275, 'PostTitle', 'Amy Land-Pejoska'),
(294842, 28275, 'PostStatus', 'publish'),
(294843, 28275, 'PostType', 'lawyer'),
(294844, 28275, 'PostDate', '2018-09-03 09:31:32'),
(294845, 28275, 'PostUrl', 'https://www.tamimi.com/lawyer/amy-land-pejoska/'),
(294846, 28275, 'MetaID', '227165'),
(294847, 28275, 'MetaKey', 'recent_dealsexperience'),
(294848, 28275, 'MetaValueNew', '<ul>\r\n 	<li>Advising car manufacturers on telecommunications and data protection considerations for their connected car offerings,</li>\r\n 	<li>Advising an app developer on the Saudi cloud computing regulatory framework,</li>\r\n 	<li>Advising an international law firm on compliance with unsolicited spam regulation,</li>\r\n 	<li>Reviewing terms and conditions on a new app feature for a large Middle East bank,</li>\r\n 	<li>Advising an e-sports company on issues relating to holding an e-sport event in Saudi Arabia.</li>\r\n</ul>'),
(294849, 28275, 'MetaLink', 'recent_dealsexperience'),
(294850, 28275, 'EditorLinkPost', 'https://www.tamimi.com/wp-admin/post.php?post=8207&amp;action=edit'),
(294851, 28275, 'ReportText', '|<ul>\r\n 	<li>Advising car manufacturers on telecommunications and data protection considerations for their connected car offerings,</li>\r\n 	<li>Advising an app developer on the Saudi cloud computing regulatory framework,</li>\r\n 	<li>Advising an international law firm on compliance with unsolicited spam regulation,</li>\r\n 	<li>Reviewing terms and conditions on a new app feature for a large Middle East bank,</li>\r\n 	<li>Advising an e-sports company on issues relating to holding an e-sport event in Saudi Arabia.</li>\r\n</ul>'),
(294852, 28275, 'ClientIP', '83.111.236.141'),
(294853, 28275, 'UserAgent', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64; Trident/7.0; rv:11.0) like Gecko'),
(294854, 28275, 'CurrentUserID', '5'),
(294855, 28275, 'CurrentUserRoles', 'a:2:{i:0;s:13:\"administrator\";i:1;s:10:\"superadmin\";}'),
(294856, 28275, 'SessionID', '9dc4e9305b6d57bdbd5277f970eaff8a7f6c571f7a72657b8d751cd4884f2076'),
(294857, 28276, 'PostID', '8207'),
(294858, 28276, 'PostTitle', 'Amy Land-Pejoska'),
(294859, 28276, 'PostStatus', 'publish'),
(294860, 28276, 'PostType', 'lawyer'),
(294861, 28276, 'PostDate', '2018-09-03 09:31:32'),
(294862, 28276, 'PostUrl', 'https://www.tamimi.com/lawyer/amy-land-pejoska/'),
(294863, 28276, 'MetaID', '227167'),
(294864, 28276, 'MetaKey', 'languages'),
(294865, 28276, 'MetaValueNew', '<ul>\r\n 	<li>English</li>\r\n</ul>'),
(294866, 28276, 'MetaLink', 'languages'),
(294867, 28276, 'EditorLinkPost', 'https://www.tamimi.com/wp-admin/post.php?post=8207&amp;action=edit'),
(294868, 28276, 'ReportText', '|<ul>\r\n 	<li>English</li>\r\n</ul>'),
(294869, 28276, 'ClientIP', '83.111.236.141'),
(294870, 28276, 'UserAgent', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64; Trident/7.0; rv:11.0) like Gecko'),
(294871, 28276, 'CurrentUserID', '5'),
(294872, 28276, 'CurrentUserRoles', 'a:2:{i:0;s:13:\"administrator\";i:1;s:10:\"superadmin\";}'),
(294873, 28276, 'SessionID', '9dc4e9305b6d57bdbd5277f970eaff8a7f6c571f7a72657b8d751cd4884f2076'),
(294874, 28277, 'PostID', '8207'),
(294875, 28277, 'PostTitle', 'Amy Land-Pejoska'),
(294876, 28277, 'PostStatus', 'publish'),
(294877, 28277, 'PostType', 'lawyer'),
(294878, 28277, 'PostDate', '2018-09-03 09:31:32'),
(294879, 28277, 'PostUrl', 'https://www.tamimi.com/lawyer/amy-land-pejoska/'),
(294880, 28277, 'MetaID', '227169'),
(294881, 28277, 'MetaKey', 'education'),
(294882, 28277, 'MetaValueNew', '2016 – <em>Master of Studies</em>, Australian National University\r\n\r\n2003 – <em>Graduate Diploma in Legal Practice</em>, College of Law, Sydney\r\n\r\n2002 – <em>LLB</em>, University of Canberra\r\n\r\n2000 – <em>BA</em>, University of Canberra'),
(294883, 28277, 'MetaLink', 'education'),
(294884, 28277, 'EditorLinkPost', 'https://www.tamimi.com/wp-admin/post.php?post=8207&amp;action=edit'),
(294885, 28277, 'ReportText', '|2016 – <em>Master of Studies</em>, Australian National University\r\n\r\n2003 – <em>Graduate Diploma in Legal Practice</em>, College of Law, Sydney\r\n\r\n2002 – <em>LLB</em>, University of Canberra\r\n\r\n2000 – <em>BA</em>, University of Canberra'),
(294886, 28277, 'ClientIP', '83.111.236.141'),
(294887, 28277, 'UserAgent', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64; Trident/7.0; rv:11.0) like Gecko'),
(294888, 28277, 'CurrentUserID', '5'),
(294889, 28277, 'CurrentUserRoles', 'a:2:{i:0;s:13:\"administrator\";i:1;s:10:\"superadmin\";}'),
(294890, 28277, 'SessionID', '9dc4e9305b6d57bdbd5277f970eaff8a7f6c571f7a72657b8d751cd4884f2076'),
(294891, 28278, 'PostID', '8207'),
(294892, 28278, 'PostTitle', 'Amy Land-Pejoska'),
(294893, 28278, 'PostStatus', 'publish'),
(294894, 28278, 'PostType', 'lawyer'),
(294895, 28278, 'PostDate', '2018-09-03 09:31:32'),
(294896, 28278, 'PostUrl', 'https://www.tamimi.com/lawyer/amy-land-pejoska/'),
(294897, 28278, 'MetaID', '227171'),
(294898, 28278, 'MetaKey', 'admission'),
(294899, 28278, 'MetaValueNew', '2004 – Supreme Court of New South Wales'),
(294900, 28278, 'MetaLink', 'admission'),
(294901, 28278, 'EditorLinkPost', 'https://www.tamimi.com/wp-admin/post.php?post=8207&amp;action=edit'),
(294902, 28278, 'ReportText', '|2004 – Supreme Court of New South Wales'),
(294903, 28278, 'ClientIP', '83.111.236.141'),
(294904, 28278, 'UserAgent', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64; Trident/7.0; rv:11.0) like Gecko'),
(294905, 28278, 'CurrentUserID', '5'),
(294906, 28278, 'CurrentUserRoles', 'a:2:{i:0;s:13:\"administrator\";i:1;s:10:\"superadmin\";}'),
(294907, 28278, 'SessionID', '9dc4e9305b6d57bdbd5277f970eaff8a7f6c571f7a72657b8d751cd4884f2076'),
(294908, 28279, 'PostID', '8207'),
(294909, 28279, 'PostTitle', 'Amy Land-Pejoska'),
(294910, 28279, 'PostStatus', 'publish'),
(294911, 28279, 'PostType', 'lawyer'),
(294912, 28279, 'PostDate', '2018-09-03 09:31:32'),
(294913, 28279, 'PostUrl', 'https://www.tamimi.com/lawyer/amy-land-pejoska/'),
(294914, 28279, 'MetaKey', 'practices_0_practice'),
(294915, 28279, 'MetaValue', '652'),
(294916, 28279, 'MetaLink', 'practices_0_practice'),
(294917, 28279, 'EditorLinkPost', 'https://www.tamimi.com/wp-admin/post.php?post=8207&amp;action=edit'),
(294918, 28279, 'ClientIP', '83.111.236.141'),
(294919, 28279, 'UserAgent', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64; Trident/7.0; rv:11.0) like Gecko'),
(294920, 28279, 'CurrentUserID', '5'),
(294921, 28279, 'CurrentUserRoles', 'a:2:{i:0;s:13:\"administrator\";i:1;s:10:\"superadmin\";}'),
(294922, 28279, 'SessionID', '9dc4e9305b6d57bdbd5277f970eaff8a7f6c571f7a72657b8d751cd4884f2076'),
(294923, 28280, 'PostID', '8207'),
(294924, 28280, 'PostTitle', 'Amy Land-Pejoska'),
(294925, 28280, 'PostStatus', 'publish'),
(294926, 28280, 'PostType', 'lawyer'),
(294927, 28280, 'PostDate', '2018-09-03 09:31:32'),
(294928, 28280, 'PostUrl', 'https://www.tamimi.com/lawyer/amy-land-pejoska/'),
(294929, 28280, 'MetaID', '227173'),
(294930, 28280, 'MetaKey', 'practices'),
(294931, 28280, 'MetaValueNew', '1'),
(294932, 28280, 'MetaLink', 'practices'),
(294933, 28280, 'EditorLinkPost', 'https://www.tamimi.com/wp-admin/post.php?post=8207&amp;action=edit'),
(294934, 28280, 'ReportText', '|1'),
(294935, 28280, 'ClientIP', '83.111.236.141'),
(294936, 28280, 'UserAgent', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64; Trident/7.0; rv:11.0) like Gecko'),
(294937, 28280, 'CurrentUserID', '5'),
(294938, 28280, 'CurrentUserRoles', 'a:2:{i:0;s:13:\"administrator\";i:1;s:10:\"superadmin\";}'),
(294939, 28280, 'SessionID', '9dc4e9305b6d57bdbd5277f970eaff8a7f6c571f7a72657b8d751cd4884f2076'),
(294940, 28281, 'PostID', '8207'),
(294941, 28281, 'PostType', 'lawyer'),
(294942, 28281, 'PostTitle', 'Amy Land-Pejoska'),
(294943, 28281, 'PostStatus', 'publish'),
(294944, 28281, 'PostDate', '2018-09-03 09:31:32'),
(294945, 28281, 'PostUrl', 'https://www.tamimi.com/lawyer/amy-land-pejoska/'),
(294946, 28281, 'EditorLinkPost', 'https://www.tamimi.com/wp-admin/post.php?post=8207&amp;action=edit'),
(294947, 28281, 'ClientIP', '83.111.236.141'),
(294948, 28281, 'UserAgent', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64; Trident/7.0; rv:11.0) like Gecko'),
(294949, 28281, 'CurrentUserID', '5'),
(294950, 28281, 'CurrentUserRoles', 'a:2:{i:0;s:13:\"administrator\";i:1;s:10:\"superadmin\";}'),
(294951, 28281, 'SessionID', '9dc4e9305b6d57bdbd5277f970eaff8a7f6c571f7a72657b8d751cd4884f2076'),
(294952, 28282, 'PostID', '5'),
(294953, 28282, 'PostType', 'page'),
(294954, 28282, 'PostTitle', 'Home'),
(294955, 28282, 'PostStatus', 'publish'),
(294956, 28282, 'PostDate', '2017-09-06 07:15:00'),
(294957, 28282, 'PostUrl', 'https://www.tamimi.com/'),
(294958, 28282, 'EditorLinkPost', 'https://www.tamimi.com/wp-admin/post.php?post=5&amp;action=edit'),
(294959, 28282, 'ClientIP', '83.111.236.141'),
(294960, 28282, 'UserAgent', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64; Trident/7.0; rv:11.0) like Gecko'),
(294961, 28282, 'CurrentUserID', '5'),
(294962, 28282, 'CurrentUserRoles', 'a:2:{i:0;s:13:\"administrator\";i:1;s:10:\"superadmin\";}'),
(294963, 28282, 'SessionID', '9dc4e9305b6d57bdbd5277f970eaff8a7f6c571f7a72657b8d751cd4884f2076'),
(294964, 28283, 'PostID', '40'),
(294965, 28283, 'PostType', 'page'),
(294966, 28283, 'PostTitle', 'Contact'),
(294967, 28283, 'PostStatus', 'publish'),
(294968, 28283, 'PostDate', '2017-09-06 11:36:32'),
(294969, 28283, 'PostUrl', 'https://www.tamimi.com/find-us/contact/'),
(294970, 28283, 'EditorLinkPost', 'https://www.tamimi.com/wp-admin/post.php?post=40&amp;action=edit'),
(294971, 28283, 'ClientIP', '83.111.236.141'),
(294972, 28283, 'UserAgent', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64; Trident/7.0; rv:11.0) like Gecko'),
(294973, 28283, 'CurrentUserID', '5'),
(294974, 28283, 'CurrentUserRoles', 'a:2:{i:0;s:13:\"administrator\";i:1;s:10:\"superadmin\";}'),
(294975, 28283, 'SessionID', '9dc4e9305b6d57bdbd5277f970eaff8a7f6c571f7a72657b8d751cd4884f2076'),
(294976, 28284, 'PostID', '252'),
(294977, 28284, 'PostType', 'page'),
(294978, 28284, 'PostTitle', 'Locations'),
(294979, 28284, 'PostStatus', 'publish'),
(294980, 28284, 'PostDate', '2017-09-18 08:56:53'),
(294981, 28284, 'PostUrl', 'https://www.tamimi.com/locations/'),
(294982, 28284, 'EditorLinkPost', 'https://www.tamimi.com/wp-admin/post.php?post=252&amp;action=edit'),
(294983, 28284, 'ClientIP', '83.111.236.141'),
(294984, 28284, 'UserAgent', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64; Trident/7.0; rv:11.0) like Gecko'),
(294985, 28284, 'CurrentUserID', '5'),
(294986, 28284, 'CurrentUserRoles', 'a:2:{i:0;s:13:\"administrator\";i:1;s:10:\"superadmin\";}'),
(294987, 28284, 'SessionID', '9dc4e9305b6d57bdbd5277f970eaff8a7f6c571f7a72657b8d751cd4884f2076'),
(294988, 28285, 'PostID', '1468'),
(294989, 28285, 'PostType', 'locations'),
(294990, 28285, 'PostTitle', 'UAE'),
(294991, 28285, 'PostStatus', 'publish'),
(294992, 28285, 'PostDate', '2017-10-05 13:36:13'),
(294993, 28285, 'PostUrl', 'https://www.tamimi.com/locations/united-arab-emirates/'),
(294994, 28285, 'EditorLinkPost', 'https://www.tamimi.com/wp-admin/post.php?post=1468&amp;action=edit'),
(294995, 28285, 'ClientIP', '83.111.236.141'),
(294996, 28285, 'UserAgent', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64; Trident/7.0; rv:11.0) like Gecko'),
(294997, 28285, 'CurrentUserID', '5'),
(294998, 28285, 'CurrentUserRoles', 'a:2:{i:0;s:13:\"administrator\";i:1;s:10:\"superadmin\";}'),
(294999, 28285, 'SessionID', '9dc4e9305b6d57bdbd5277f970eaff8a7f6c571f7a72657b8d751cd4884f2076'),
(295000, 28286, 'PostID', '5'),
(295001, 28286, 'PostType', 'page'),
(295002, 28286, 'PostTitle', 'Home'),
(295003, 28286, 'PostStatus', 'publish'),
(295004, 28286, 'PostDate', '2017-09-06 07:15:00'),
(295005, 28286, 'PostUrl', 'https://www.tamimi.com/'),
(295006, 28286, 'EditorLinkPost', 'https://www.tamimi.com/wp-admin/post.php?post=5&amp;action=edit'),
(295007, 28286, 'ClientIP', '2.50.40.85'),
(295008, 28286, 'UserAgent', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_13_2) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/68.0.3440.106 Safari/537.36'),
(295009, 28286, 'CurrentUserID', '8'),
(295010, 28286, 'CurrentUserRoles', 'a:2:{i:0;s:13:\"administrator\";i:1;s:10:\"superadmin\";}'),
(295011, 28286, 'SessionID', '1193bfb4a09d2b30d9fffcfbc9672c52e966caad83d7f5df0131d8901e6281eb'),
(295012, 28287, 'PostID', '5'),
(295013, 28287, 'PostType', 'page'),
(295014, 28287, 'PostTitle', 'Home'),
(295015, 28287, 'PostStatus', 'publish'),
(295016, 28287, 'PostDate', '2017-09-06 07:15:00'),
(295017, 28287, 'PostUrl', 'https://www.tamimi.com/'),
(295018, 28287, 'EditorLinkPost', 'https://www.tamimi.com/wp-admin/post.php?post=5&amp;action=edit'),
(295019, 28287, 'ClientIP', '83.111.236.141'),
(295020, 28287, 'UserAgent', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64; Trident/7.0; rv:11.0) like Gecko'),
(295021, 28287, 'CurrentUserID', '5'),
(295022, 28287, 'CurrentUserRoles', 'a:2:{i:0;s:13:\"administrator\";i:1;s:10:\"superadmin\";}'),
(295023, 28287, 'SessionID', '9dc4e9305b6d57bdbd5277f970eaff8a7f6c571f7a72657b8d751cd4884f2076'),
(295024, 28288, 'PostID', '4011'),
(295025, 28288, 'PostType', 'page'),
(295026, 28288, 'PostTitle', 'Search'),
(295027, 28288, 'PostStatus', 'publish'),
(295028, 28288, 'PostDate', '2017-10-16 10:21:41'),
(295029, 28288, 'PostUrl', 'https://www.tamimi.com/search-result/'),
(295030, 28288, 'EditorLinkPost', 'https://www.tamimi.com/wp-admin/post.php?post=4011&amp;action=edit'),
(295031, 28288, 'ClientIP', '83.111.236.141'),
(295032, 28288, 'UserAgent', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64; Trident/7.0; rv:11.0) like Gecko'),
(295033, 28288, 'CurrentUserID', '5'),
(295034, 28288, 'CurrentUserRoles', 'a:2:{i:0;s:13:\"administrator\";i:1;s:10:\"superadmin\";}'),
(295035, 28288, 'SessionID', '9dc4e9305b6d57bdbd5277f970eaff8a7f6c571f7a72657b8d751cd4884f2076'),
(295036, 28289, 'PostID', '5722'),
(295037, 28289, 'PostType', 'law_update_articles'),
(295038, 28289, 'PostTitle', 'Safeguarding Children in a UAE Education Context'),
(295039, 28289, 'PostStatus', 'publish'),
(295040, 28289, 'PostDate', '2017-08-26 20:00:00'),
(295041, 28289, 'PostUrl', 'https://www.tamimi.com/law-update-articles/safeguarding-children-in-a-uae-education-context/'),
(295042, 28289, 'EditorLinkPost', 'https://www.tamimi.com/wp-admin/post.php?post=5722&amp;action=edit'),
(295043, 28289, 'ClientIP', '83.111.236.141'),
(295044, 28289, 'UserAgent', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64; Trident/7.0; rv:11.0) like Gecko'),
(295045, 28289, 'CurrentUserID', '5'),
(295046, 28289, 'CurrentUserRoles', 'a:2:{i:0;s:13:\"administrator\";i:1;s:10:\"superadmin\";}'),
(295047, 28289, 'SessionID', '9dc4e9305b6d57bdbd5277f970eaff8a7f6c571f7a72657b8d751cd4884f2076'),
(295048, 28290, 'PostID', '8194'),
(295049, 28290, 'PostType', 'law_update_articles'),
(295050, 28290, 'PostTitle', 'Safeguarding 2.0'),
(295051, 28290, 'PostStatus', 'draft'),
(295052, 28290, 'PostDate', '2018-09-02 16:44:19'),
(295053, 28290, 'PostUrl', 'https://www.tamimi.com/?post_type=law_update_articles&p=8194'),
(295054, 28290, 'EditorLinkPost', 'https://www.tamimi.com/wp-admin/post.php?post=8194&amp;action=edit'),
(295055, 28290, 'ClientIP', '83.111.236.141'),
(295056, 28290, 'UserAgent', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64; Trident/7.0; rv:11.0) like Gecko'),
(295057, 28290, 'CurrentUserID', '5'),
(295058, 28290, 'CurrentUserRoles', 'a:2:{i:0;s:13:\"administrator\";i:1;s:10:\"superadmin\";}'),
(295059, 28290, 'SessionID', '9dc4e9305b6d57bdbd5277f970eaff8a7f6c571f7a72657b8d751cd4884f2076'),
(295060, 28291, 'PostID', '8194'),
(295061, 28291, 'PostType', 'law_update_articles'),
(295062, 28291, 'PostTitle', 'Safeguarding 2.0'),
(295063, 28291, 'PostStatus', 'draft'),
(295064, 28291, 'PostDate', '2018-09-02 16:44:19'),
(295065, 28291, 'PostUrl', 'https://www.tamimi.com/?post_type=law_update_articles&p=8194'),
(295066, 28291, 'EditorLinkPost', 'https://www.tamimi.com/wp-admin/post.php?post=8194&amp;action=edit'),
(295067, 28291, 'ClientIP', '83.111.236.141'),
(295068, 28291, 'UserAgent', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64; Trident/7.0; rv:11.0) like Gecko'),
(295069, 28291, 'CurrentUserID', '5'),
(295070, 28291, 'CurrentUserRoles', 'a:2:{i:0;s:13:\"administrator\";i:1;s:10:\"superadmin\";}'),
(295071, 28291, 'SessionID', '9dc4e9305b6d57bdbd5277f970eaff8a7f6c571f7a72657b8d751cd4884f2076'),
(295072, 28292, 'PostID', '8194'),
(295073, 28292, 'PostTitle', 'Safeguarding 2.0'),
(295074, 28292, 'PostStatus', 'draft'),
(295075, 28292, 'PostType', 'law_update_articles'),
(295076, 28292, 'PostDate', '2018-09-03 11:16:44'),
(295077, 28292, 'PostUrl', 'https://www.tamimi.com/?post_type=law_update_articles&p=8194'),
(295078, 28292, 'MetaID', '226546'),
(295079, 28292, 'MetaKey', 'content'),
(295080, 28292, 'MetaValueNew', '<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">We previously looked at the <a href=\"https://www.tamimi.com/law-update-articles/safeguarding-children-in-a-uae-education-context/\">UAE Child Rights Law</a> (UAE Federal Law No. 3 of 2016) and the evolving landscape in the UAE in relation to child rights and safeguarding children.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">The focus of the previous article was in relation to HR issues around background checks and how to deal with issues when they arise. The focus of this article is in relation to safeguarding children generally and aims to bring readers up to speed on the latest developments in this evolving area and look at what is coming down the track.</p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h3 dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Child Protection Units</h3>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">By way of brief recap on the Child Rights Law which was enacted in 2016. The key pillars of it are:</p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n 	<li dir=\"LTR\">It enshrines the basic principle that children have the right to life and safety, and specifically provides that every child is entitled to an education.</li>\r\n 	<li dir=\"LTR\">It seeks to prevent all kinds of violence in educational institutions and to preserve children’s dignity in an education context. The law states that a child’s mental, psychological, physical or ethical safety must not be prejudiced.</li>\r\n 	<li dir=\"LTR\">The law envisages that dedicated Child Protection Units (\"CPUs\") would be established in the relevant Ministries aimed at developing and implementing child protection mechanisms.</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">The executive regulations to the law, which set out the details and mechanics of how it will be implemented, have not been issued yet. The regulations will determinate the competencies of the CPU’s and operating mechanisms within each ministry.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">We do have an idea of what the new safeguarding regime will look like.</p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n 	<li dir=\"LTR\">It is envisaged that each Ministry that has a remit for children will have a dedicated CPU within it; so for example the Ministry of Education (MOE), Ministry of Health (MOH) etc. These CPUs will deal with any safeguarding/child’s rights issues arising from institutions/schools etc that are under its remit. So education providers would naturally fall under the remit of the MOE and healthcare providers under the MOH etc.</li>\r\n 	<li dir=\"LTR\">The legislation provides for child protection specialists to carry out a significant role in relation to the implementation of the law.</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h2><span lang=\"EN\">“</span>Significant and welcome changes are imminent in the child protection space. The authorities are working on what appears to be well thought-out procedures and processes which will involve educational institutions becoming integrated in the framework and solution.”</h2>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h3 dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Child Protection Specialists</h3>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">One of the major features of the law is the creation of an official child protection specialist role (\"CPS\") with sweeping powers.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">We understand that it is envisaged that private entities may have a member of their own staff appointed as a CPS. So in the education space a child protection officer from a school or college could be appointed to this official role of CPS, which carries with it quasi-judicial powers including:</p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n 	<li dir=\"LTR\">perform preventive and therapeutic intervention in any case where there is a risk to the child’s health, physical, psychological, ethical or mental safety;</li>\r\n 	<li dir=\"LTR\">power to collect evidence regarding any reported incidents;</li>\r\n 	<li dir=\"LTR\">enter the premises where the child is present;</li>\r\n 	<li dir=\"LTR\">take appropriate preventive measures to protect the child;</li>\r\n 	<li dir=\"LTR\">in situations where a threat to the child’s health or safety is established, the CPS will have authority to propose to place the child temporarily in an alternative family, an association, or an appropriate social, educational or health institution;</li>\r\n 	<li dir=\"LTR\">assistance in investigations and trials.</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">The CPS would receive training prior to appointment and would have the full backup and authority of the law.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Without doubt this is a very significant development and will be welcomed by education providers.</p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h3 dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Reporting</h3>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">In the meantime, and prior to the establishment of the CPUs and the CPS system, schools can report any suspicions of abuse to the Ministry of Interior. The Ministry, which has remit over a wide range of functions including the police, has a dedicated child protection unit. The unit deals with child protection complaints from the general public, schools and any other sources. Contact details are as follows:</p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h4><em>Hotline phone number: 116 111</em></h4>\r\n<h4><em>Email address: <a href=\"mailto:childprotection@moi-cpc.gov.ae\">childprotection@moi-cpc.gov.ae</a></em></h4>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">A complaint can be made anonymously or otherwise. The unit will then contact the child protection unit of the local police force.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Even after the establishment of the CPUs it is expected that any allegation of sexual abuse would be reported to the police directly or via the Ministry of Interior.</p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h3 dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Conclusion</h3>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Significant and welcome changes are imminent in the child protection space. The authorities are working on what appears to be well thought-out procedures and processes which will involve educational institutions becoming integrated in the framework and solution.</p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\"><em>Al Tamimi &amp; Company’s <a href=\"https://www.tamimi.com/practice/employment-incentives/\">employment team</a> regularly advises on all aspects of the employment relationship in the UAE, in relation to the education sector and across all other sectors and industries. For further information please contact <a href=\"https://www.tamimi.com/lawyer/ivor-mcgettigan/\">Ivor McGettigan</a> (<a href=\"mailto:i.mcgettigan@tamimi.com\">i.mcgettigan@tamimi.com</a>).</em></p>'),
(295081, 28292, 'MetaValueOld', '<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">We previously looked at the UAE Child Rights Law (UAE Federal Law No. 3 of 2016) and the evolving landscape in the UAE in relation to child rights and safeguarding children.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">The focus of the previous article was in relation to HR issues around background checks and how to deal with issues when they arise. The focus of this article is in relation to safeguarding children generally and aims to bring readers up to speed on the latest developments in this evolving area and look at what is coming down the track.</p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h3 dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Child Protection Units</h3>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">By way of brief recap on the Child Rights Law which was enacted in 2016. The key pillars of it are:</p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n 	<li dir=\"LTR\">It enshrines the basic principle that children have the right to life and safety, and specifically provides that every child is entitled to an education.</li>\r\n 	<li dir=\"LTR\">It seeks to prevent all kinds of violence in educational institutions and to preserve children’s dignity in an education context. The law states that a child’s mental, psychological, physical or ethical safety must not be prejudiced.</li>\r\n 	<li dir=\"LTR\">The law envisages that dedicated Child Protection Units (\"CPUs\") would be established in the relevant Ministries aimed at developing and implementing child protection mechanisms.</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">The executive regulations to the law, which set out the details and mechanics of how it will be implemented, have not been issued yet. The regulations will determinate the competencies of the CPU’s and operating mechanisms within each ministry.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">We do have an idea of what the new safeguarding regime will look like.</p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n 	<li dir=\"LTR\">It is envisaged that each Ministry that has a remit for children will have a dedicated CPU within it; so for example the Ministry of Education (MOE), Ministry of Health (MOH) etc. These CPUs will deal with any safeguarding/child’s rights issues arising from institutions/schools etc that are under its remit. So education providers would naturally fall under the remit of the MOE and healthcare providers under the MOH etc.</li>\r\n 	<li dir=\"LTR\">The legislation provides for child protection specialists to carry out a significant role in relation to the implementation of the law.</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\"></p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h2><span lang=\"EN\">“</span>Significant and welcome changes are imminent in the child protection space. The authorities are working on what appears to be well thought-out procedures and processes which will involve educational institutions becoming integrated in the framework and solution.”</h2>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h3 dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Child Protection Specialists</h3>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">One of the major features of the law is the creation of an official child protection specialist role (\"CPS\") with sweeping powers.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">We understand that it is envisaged that private entities may have a member of their own staff appointed as a CPS. So in the education space a child protection officer from a school or college could be appointed to this official role of CPS, which carries with it quasi-judicial powers including:</p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n 	<li dir=\"LTR\">perform preventive and therapeutic intervention in any case where there is a risk to the child’s health, physical, psychological, ethical or mental safety;</li>\r\n 	<li dir=\"LTR\">power to collect evidence regarding any reported incidents;</li>\r\n 	<li dir=\"LTR\">enter the premises where the child is present;</li>\r\n 	<li dir=\"LTR\">take appropriate preventive measures to protect the child;</li>\r\n 	<li dir=\"LTR\">in situations where a threat to the child’s health or safety is established, the CPS will have authority to propose to place the child temporarily in an alternative family, an association, or an appropriate social, educational or health institution;</li>\r\n 	<li dir=\"LTR\">assistance in investigations and trials.</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">The CPS would receive training prior to appointment and would have the full backup and authority of the law.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Without doubt this is a very significant development and will be welcomed by education providers.</p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h3 dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Reporting</h3>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">In the meantime, and prior to the establishment of the CPUs and the CPS system, schools can report any suspicions of abuse to the Ministry of Interior. The Ministry, which has remit over a wide range of functions including the police, has a dedicated child protection unit. The unit deals with child protection complaints from the general public, schools and any other sources. Contact details are as follows:</p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h4><em>Hotline phone number: 116 111</em></h4>\r\n<h4><em>Email address: <a href=\"mailto:childprotection@moi-cpc.gov.ae\">childprotection@moi-cpc.gov.ae</a></em></h4>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">A complaint can be made anonymously or otherwise. The unit will then contact the child protection unit of the local police force.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Even after the establishment of the CPUs it is expected that any allegation of sexual abuse would be reported to the police directly or via the Ministry of Interior.</p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h3 dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Conclusion</h3>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Significant and welcome changes are imminent in the child protection space. The authorities are working on what appears to be well thought-out procedures and processes which will involve educational institutions becoming integrated in the framework and solution.</p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\"><em>Al Tamimi &amp; Company’s <a href=\"https://www.tamimi.com/practice/employment-incentives/\">employment team</a> regularly advises on all aspects of the employment relationship in the UAE, in relation to the education sector and across all other sectors and industries. For further information please contact <a href=\"https://www.tamimi.com/lawyer/ivor-mcgettigan/\">Ivor McGettigan</a> (<a href=\"mailto:i.mcgettigan@tamimi.com\">i.mcgettigan@tamimi.com</a>).</em></p>'),
(295082, 28292, 'MetaLink', 'content'),
(295083, 28292, 'EditorLinkPost', 'https://www.tamimi.com/wp-admin/post.php?post=8194&amp;action=edit');
